Notes in 02Face

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::symphysis menti}}: line of fusion of the two halves of the mandible during development
Published	07/30/2024	The mental foramen is inferior to the {{c1::second premolar}} tooth.
Published	07/30/2024	The mental foramen transmits the {{c1::terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerves and vessels}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::superior mental spines (genial tubercles)}}: origin of the genioglossus muscles
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::inferior mental spines (genial tubercles)}}: origin of the geniohyoid muscles
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::mylohyoid line}}: oblique ridge that runs backward and laterally from the area of the mental spines to an area below and behind the {{c2::third …
Published	07/30/2024	location of the submandibular fossa: {{c1::below the posterior part of the mylohyoid line}}contents of the submandibular fossa: {{c2::superficial…
Published	07/30/2024	location of the submandibular fossa: {{c1::abover the anterior part of the mylohyoid line}}contents of the submandibular fossa: {{c1::sublingual …
Published	07/30/2024	location of the digastric fossa: {{c1::base of the mandible, on either side of the symphysis menti}}contents of the digastric fossa: {{c1::anteri…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::mandibular notch}}: separates the {{c2::coronoid}} and {{c2::condyloid/condylar processes}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::anterior and medial aspect of the coronoid process}}: attachment of the {{c2::temporalis}} muscle
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::lingula}}: a projection in front of the mandibular foramen for the attachment of the {{c2::sphenomandibular ligament}}
Published	07/30/2024	The mandibular canal opens on the lateral surface of the body of the mandible as the {{c1::mental foramen}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::incisive canal}}: forward continuation of the mandibular canal beyond the mental foramen and below the {{c2::incisor}} teeth
Published	07/30/2024	temporomandibular joint: synovial articulation between {{c1::articular tubercle}}, {{c1::anterior portion of mandibular fossa}}, {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	Temporomandibular Joint{{c1::lateral temporomandibular}} ligament: strengthens the lateral aspect of the capsule
Published	07/30/2024	Temporomandibular Jointlateral temporomandibula ligament: limits the movement of the mandibble in a {{c1::posterior}} direction and thus protects…
Published	07/30/2024	Temporomandibular Joint{{c1::sphenomandibular}} ligament: lies on the medial side of the joint
Published	07/30/2024	Temporomandibular Jointsphenomandibular ligament: attached above to the {{c1::spine of the sphenoid}} and below to the {{c1::lingula}}; repr…
Published	07/30/2024	Temporomandibular Joint{{c1::stylomandibular}} ligament: lies behind and medial to the joint and some distance from it;
Published	07/30/2024	Temporomandibular Jointstylomandibular ligament: extends form the {{c1::apex of the styloid process}} to the {{c1::angle of the mandible}}
Published	07/30/2024	Temporomandibular Joint{{c1::articular disc}}: intervenes between the bony surfaces and divides the TMJ into upper and lower compartments
Published	07/30/2024	Temporomandibular Jointinnervation: {{c1::auriculotemporal & masseteric branches of CNV3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Muscles of MasticationMASSETEROrigin: {{c1::zygomatic arch}}Insertion: {{c1::lateral surface of the ramus of mandible}}Nerve Supply: {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Muscles of MasticationTEMPORALISOrigin: {{c1::floor of temporal fossa}}Insertion: {{c1::coronoid process of mandible}}Nerve Supply: {{c…
Published	07/30/2024	Muscles of MasticationLATERAL PTERYGOIDOrigin: {{c1::greater wing of sphenoid, lateral pterygoid plate}}Insertion: {{c1::neck of mandible an…
Published	07/30/2024	Muscles of MasticationMEDIAL PTERYGOIDOrigin: {{c1::tuberosity of maxilla and lateral pterygoid plate}}Insertion: {{c1::medial surface of an…
Published	07/30/2024	During mandible depression, the {{c1::lateral pterygoid::muscle}} contracts to protract the mandible in order to prevent the angle of the jaw fro…
Published	07/30/2024	Depression of the mandible is brough about by the contraction of the {{c1::digastrics, geniohyoids, mylohyoids}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Elevation of the mandible is brought about by contraction of the {{c1::temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoids}}
Published	07/30/2024	Protrusion of the mandible is brought about by contraction of the {{c1::lateral pterygoids, assisted byb medial pterygoids}}
Published	07/30/2024	Retraction of the mandible is brought about by contraction of the {{c1::posterior fibers of the temporalis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Important TMJ Relationsanteriorly: {{c1::mandibular notch, masseteric nerve and artery}}posteriorly: {{c2::tympanic plate of external audito…
Published	07/30/2024	Sensory innervation of the face is via the trigeminal nerve except a small area over the mandibular angle and parotid gland which is supplies bby the&…
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Ophthalmic Nerve (CNV1) That Pass to the Skin{{c1::lacrimal nervesupraorbital nervesupratrochlear nerveinfratrochlear nerveexternal na…
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Maxillary Nerve (CNV2) That Pass to the Skin{{c1::infraorbital nervezygomaticofacial nervezygomaticotemporal nerve}}
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Mandibular Nerve (CNV3) That Pass to the Skin{{c1::mental nervebuccal nerveauriculotemporal nerve}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::lacrimal nerve}}:: ophthalmic nerve branch that supplies the skin and conjunctiva of the lateral part of the upper eyelid
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::supraorbital nerve}}:: ophthalmic nerve branch that winds around the upper margin of the orbit at the {{c2::supraorbital notch/supraorbital…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::supratrochlear nerve}}:: ophthalmic nerve branch that winds around the upper margin of the orbit medidal to the {{c2::supraorbital nerve}} …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::infratrochlear nerve}}:: ophthalmic nerve branch that leaves the orbit below the {{c2::pulley of the superior oblique muscle}} and supplies the …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::external nasal nerve}}:: ophthalmic nerve branch that leaves the nose by emerging between the {{c2::upper nasal bone}} and the {{c2::u…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::infraorbital nerve}}:: direct continuation of the maxillary nerve; enters the orbit and appears on the face through the {{c2::infraorbital foram…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::zygomaticofacial nerve}}:: maxillary nerve branch that passes onto the face through a small foramen on the lateral side of the zygomatic bone, s…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::zygomaticotemporal nerve}}:: maxillary nerve branch that emerges in the {{c2::temporal fossa}} through a small foramen on the posterior sur…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::mental nerve}}:: maxillary nerve branch that emerges from the {{c2::mental foramen}} of the mandible and supplies the skin of the lower lip…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::buccal nerve}}:: maxillary nerve branch that emerges from beneath the {{c2::anterior border of the masseter muscle}} and supplies the skin …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::auriculotemporal nerve}}:: maxillary nerve branch that ascends from the {{c2::upper border of the parotid gland between}} the {{c3::superfi…
Published	07/30/2024	In trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), the attacks of excruciating pain usually excludes the sensory distribution of the {{c1::ophthalmic divi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::facial and superfcicial temporal artery}}: the face receives its blood supply mainly from these two
Published	07/30/2024	The facial artery runs upward in a tortuous course towards the angle of the mouth and is covered by the {{c1::platysma}} and the {{c1::risrorius}}. It…
Published	07/30/2024	The facial artery anastomoses with the ophthalmic artery at the {{c1::medial angle of the eye}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Facial Artery{{c1::submental arteryinferior labial artery superior labial arterylateral nasal arteryangular artery}}
Published	07/30/2024	The superficial temporal artery is a branch of the {{c1::ECA}} and commences in the {{c2::parotid gland}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Superficial Temporal Artery{{c1::transverse facial arteryanterior and posterior branches}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::transverse facial artery}}: branch of the superficial temporal artery that arises within the parotidgland; runs across the cheek above the {{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::anterior and posterior branches}}: terminal branches of the superficial temporal artery; they distribute across the {{c2::temporal fossa}}
Published	07/30/2024	The facial vein is formed at the {{c1::medial angle}} of the eye by the union of the {{c2::supraorbital}} and {{c2::supratrochlear}} veins.
Published	07/30/2024	The facial vein connects to the cavernou sinus through the {{c1::superior ophthalmic vein}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The facial vein crosses superficial to the {{c1::submandibular gland}} and is joined by the {{c2::superior ophthalmic vein}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The facial vein ends by draining into the {{c1::internal jugular vein}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The facial vein descends behind the facial artery to the {{c1::lower margin of the mandible}} and crosses superficial to the {{c2::submandibular gland…
Published	07/30/2024	The facial vein joins the {{c1::pterygoid venous plexus}} by the {{c2::deep facial vein}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The transverse facial vein joins the {{c1::superficial temporal vein}} within the {{c1::parotid gland}}.
Published	07/30/2024	lymph from the forehead and anterior part of the face drains into the {{c1::submandibular lymph nodes}}
Published	07/30/2024	lymph vessels that end in the {{c1::parotid lymph nodes}} drain the lateral part of the face, including the lateral parts of the eyelids
Published	07/30/2024	The central part of the lower lip and the skin of the chin drain into the {{c1::submental nodes}}.
Published	07/30/2024	All facial muscles develop from the {{c1::second pharyngeal arch}} and are supplied by the {{c1::facial}} nerve.
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Facial Nerve{{c1::temporal branchzygomatic branchbuccal branchmandibular branchcervical branch}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::temporal branch}}: branch of the facial nerve that emerges from the upper border of the parotid gland and supplies the {{c2::anterior and superi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::zygomatic branch}}: branch of the facial nerve that emerges from the anterior border of the parotid gland and supplies the {{c2::orbicularis ocu…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::buccal branch}}: branch of the facial nerve that emerges from the anterior border of the parotid gland and supplies the {{c2::orbicularis oculi:…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::mandibular branch}}: branch of the facial nerve that emerges from the anterior border of the gland and supplies the muscles of the {{c2::lo…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::cervical branch}}: branch of the facial nerve that emerges from the lower border of the gland and passes forward in the neck below the mandible …
Published	07/30/2024	Important Structures Associated with the Cavernous Sinuses{{c1::internal carotid arteryCN IIICN IVCN V1CN V2CN VIpituitary glandfacial veins (connecte…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::extradural}} hemorrhage: results from injuries to the {{c2::meningeal arteries/veins}}; most common artery to be damaged is the {{c2::anterior d…
Published	07/30/2024	In an extradural hemorrhage, blood may also pass outward through the to form a soft swelling under the {{c1::temporalis}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::subdural}} hemorrhage: results from the tearing of the {{c2::superior cerebral veins}} at their point of entrance to the {{c2::sagittal sinus}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::subarachnoid}} hemorrhage: results from {{c2::leakage or rupture of a congenital aneurysm on the circle of Willis}}, or less commonly, an {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	Rupture of the {{c1::lenticulostriate}} artery generally causes cerebral hemorrhage.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Intracranial}} hemorrhage in infants during birth due do excessive molding of the head. Bleeding may occur from {{c2::cerebral veins/venous…
Published	07/30/2024	Orbital Marginssuperior margin: {{c1::frontal bone}}lateral margin: {{c1::processes of the frontal and zygomatic bones}}inferior margin: {{c1::zygomat…
Published	07/30/2024	Orbital Wallsroof: {{c1::orbital plate of the frontal bone, lesser wing of sphenoid}}lateral wall: {{c2::zygomatic bone, greater wing of sphenoid}}flo…
Published	07/30/2024	Openings into the Orbital Cavity{{c1::supraorbital notch}}: transmits the {{c2::supraorbital nerve and blood vessels}}
Published	07/30/2024	Openings into the Orbital Cavity{{c1::infraorbital notch}}: transmits the {{c2::infraorbital nerve and blood vessels}}
Published	07/30/2024	Openings into the Orbital Cavity{{c1::nasolacrimal canal}}: transmits the {{c2::nasolacrimal duct}} and communicates with the {{c2::inferior meat…
Published	07/30/2024	Openings into the Orbital Cavity{{c1::anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina}}: transmits the {{c2::anterior and posterior ethmoid nerves}}
Published	07/30/2024	Openings into the Orbital Cavity{{c1::zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial foramina}}: transmits the {{c2::zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial …
Published	07/30/2024	Openings into the Orbital Cavity{{c1::inferior orbital fissure}}: located between the {{c2::maxilla}} and {{c2::greater wing of the sphenoid}}; commun…
Published	07/30/2024	Openings into the Orbital Cavity{{c1::superior orbital fissure}}: located between the {{c2::lesser wing of the sphenoid}} and {{c2::greater wing of th…
Published	07/30/2024	Openings into the Orbital Cavity{{c1::optic canal}}: located in the {{c2::lesser wing of the sphenoid}}; communicates with the {{c3::middle cranial fo…
Published	07/30/2024	The nasociliary nerve ends by dividing into the {{c1::anterior ethmoida}}l and {{c1::infratrochlear nerves}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Nasociliary Nerve{{c1::communicating branch to the ciliary ganglionlong ciliary nervesposterior ethmoidal nerveinfratrochlear nerve}an…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::long ciliary nerves}}: branch of the nasociliary nerve that contains sympathetic fibers for the {{c1::dilator pupilale}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::posterior ethmoidal nerve}}: branch of the nasociliary nerve that supplies the ethmoidal and sphenoidal air sinuses
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::frontal nerve}} divides into the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves.
Published	07/30/2024	Tha ophthalmic artery is a branch of the {{c1::internal carotid artery}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Tha ophthalmic artery froms a notable facial anastomosis with the {{c1::angular artery}} and the {{c1::frontal branch of the superficial temporal arte…
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery{{c1::central artery of the retinamuscular branchesciliary arterieslacrimal arterysupratrochlear arterysupraorbital a…
Published	07/30/2024	The superior ophthalmic vein forms from the union of the {{c1::supraorbital}} and {{c1::supratrochlear}} veins draining the forehead.
Published	07/30/2024	major contents of the temporal fossa: {{c1::temporalis, terminal distribution of the superficial temporal artery}}
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the Temporal Fossaanterior: {{c1::frontal process of the zygomatic bone}}superior: {{c2::temporal lines on the frontal and parietal bone…
Published	07/30/2024	Primary Communications of the Boundaries of the Temporal Fossa{{c1::orbit via the inferior orbital fissureinfratemporal fossa deep to the zygomatic ar…
Published	07/30/2024	Major Contents of the Infratemporal Fossa{{c1::medial and lateral pterygoid musclesmaxillary arterypterygoid venous plexusmandibular nervechorda tympa…
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the Infratemporal Fossaanterior: {{c1::posterior (infratemporal) surface of the maxilla}}posterior: {{c2::mandibular fossa, styloid proc…
Published	07/30/2024	Primary Communications of the Infratemporal Fossa{{c1::temporal fossa deep to the zygomatic archcranial cavity via foramen ovale and spinosumtympanic …
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the Pterygopalatine Fossaanterior: {{c1::posterior (infratemporal) surface of the maxilla}}posteiror: {{c1::base of the pterygoid proces…
Published	07/30/2024	Primary Communications of the Pterygopalatine Fossa{{c1::infratemporal fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissurecranial cavity through foramen rotundumex…
Published	07/30/2024	The external carotid artery terminates at the neck of the mandible by bifurcating into {{c1::superficial temporal}} and {{c1::maxillary}} arteries.&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Superficial Temporal Artery{{c1::transverse facial arteryanterior (frontal) branchposteiror (parietal branch)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Maxillary Artery in the Infratemporal Fossa{{c1::small branches to the EAM and tympanic membranemiddle meningeal arteryinferior alvelo…
Published	07/30/2024	Branches of the Maxillary Artery in the Pterygopalatine Fossa{{c1::descending palatine arterypharyngeal branchartery of the pterygoid canalinfraorbita…
Published	07/30/2024	Maxillary Nerve Branches{{c1::middle meningeal nerveganglionic branches to the pterygopalatine ganglionzygomatic nerveposterior superior alveolar nerv…
Published	07/30/2024	Mandibular Nerve Branches{{c1::meningeal (spinous) nervemotor branches to muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympanibuccal nerve…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::nerve of the pterygoid canal}} is a composite of the {{c2::greater petrosal nerve}} and the {{c2::deep petrosal nerve.}} It joins the {{c3::…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::lesser petrosal nerve}}: parasympathetic component of the {{c2::glossopharyngeal nerve}}; runs from the middle ear to the infratemporal fossa wh…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::chorda tympani}}: branch of the facial nerve that carries parasympathetic and taste fibers; joins the {{c2::lingual branch of the mandibular ner…
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