Notes in 09-10DiagnosticAccuracyStudies

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Reliability::Reliability/Validity}} - Being able to get consistent results
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Validity::Reliability/Validity}} - Being able to test what is needed to be tested
Published	07/30/2024	Most accepted instrument for measuring weight: {{c1::Detecto scale}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most valid and reliable instrument for measuring BP: {{c1::Mercurial sphygmomanometer}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most used instrument for measuring BP: {{c1::Manometer}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most accurate instrument for measuring temperature: {{c1::Mercurial thermometer}}
Published	07/30/2024	Location that provides the most accurate temperature: {{c1::Rectum}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Instrument appears to test what is supposed to and that it is a plausible method for doing so{{c1::Face}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Least rigorous method for documenting a test’s validity{{c1::Face}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]No standard for judging it or determining “how much” of it an instrument has{{c1::Face}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Used at the initial stages of developing a method{{c1::Face}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	How do you validate face validity?{{c1::ask the stakeholders and describe a simple percentage of how many consider the test credible}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Adequacy with which a theoretical domain is sampled by a test{{c1::Content}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Usually, assessed on questionnaires, and examinations, inventories, and interviews{{c1::Content}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	The determination of content validity is a/n {{c1::subjective::subjective/objective}} process
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Most practical and objective approach to validity testing{{c1::Criterion related}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Talks about instruments{{c1::Criterion related}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Ability of one test to predict results obtained on an external criterion{{c1::Criterion related}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Compares the target test (index test) to a gold standard (reference or standard test){{c1::Criterion related}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Index test and reference standard are taken relatively at the same time{{c1::Concurrent}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Establish that index test will be a valid predictor of some future criterion score{{c1::Predictive}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Index test is given at one session and is followed by a period of time after which the criterion (reference) score is obtained{{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Used for prognosis and setting long term goals{{c1::Predictive}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	[Type of Validity]Ability of an instrument to measure an abstract concept or construct{{c1::Construct}} Validity
Published	07/30/2024	For stat analysis of validity studies, data are converted into a/n {{c1::dichotomous::scale}} outcome
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Test’s ability to obtain a positive test when the target condition is really present{{c1::Sensitivity}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sensitivity::validity study stat tool}} tells us the {{c2::true positive}} rate
Published	07/30/2024	Given the table, give the equation for sensitivity + Diagnosis- DiagnosisTotal + Test ResultTrue + (A)False + (B)+ Tes…
Published	07/30/2024	Given the table, give the equation for specificity + Diagnosis- DiagnosisTotal + Test ResultTrue + (A)False + (B)+ Tes…
Published	07/30/2024	Given the table, give the equation for false negative rate + Diagnosis- DiagnosisTotal + Test ResultTrue + (A)False + …
Published	07/30/2024	Given the table, give the equation for false positive rate + Diagnosis- DiagnosisTotal + Test ResultTrue + (A)False + …
Published	07/30/2024	Given the table, give the equation for Positive Predictive Value + Diagnosis- DiagnosisTotal + Test ResultTrue + (A)Fa…
Published	07/30/2024	Given the table, give the equation for Negative Predictive Value + Diagnosis- DiagnosisTotal + Test ResultTrue + (A)Fa…
Published	07/30/2024	Given the table, give the equation for Prevalence + Diagnosis- DiagnosisTotal + Test ResultTrue + (A)False + (B)+ Test…
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Test’s ability to obtain a negative test when condition is really absent{{c1::Specificity}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Specificity::validity study stat tool}} tells us the {{c2::true negative}} rate
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Probability of obtaining an incorrect negative test in patients who have the target disorder{{c1::False negative…
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Probability of an incorrect positive test in patients who do not have the target disorder{{c1::False positive ra…
Published	07/30/2024	What does a low positive predictive value mean?{{c1::small proportion of those who test positive actually have the target condition}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Probability of patient having the disease when index test is positive{{c1::Positive Predictive Value}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Represents the proportion of those who tested positive who were true positives{{c1::Positive Predictive Value}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Percentage of patients with a negative test who do not have the disease{{c1::Negative Predictive Value}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Probability of a person who tests negative is actually disease-free{{c1::Negative Predictive Value}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Score which is established to demarcate a positive or negative test{{c1::Cut off score}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Statistical Tool of Validity Studies]Graphic representation of the balance between sensitivity and specificity{{c1::Receiver Operating Curve (ROC)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Y}}-axis in an ROC represents the {{c2::true positive}} rate ({{c2::sensitivity}})
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::X}}-axis in an ROC represents the {{c2::false positive}} rate ({{c2::1-specificity}})
Published	07/30/2024	ROC Values for the X and Y axis in a perfect test: true positive rate of {{c1::1.0}} and a false positive rate of {{c1::0}}
Published	07/30/2024	When interpreting an ROC, the closer the graph is to the {{c1::top}} and {{c1::left-hand}} borders, the more accurate the test is.
Published	07/30/2024	[Types of Errors]Difference between the true value and observed values{{c1::Measurement}} errors
Published	07/30/2024	[Types of Errors]X = T ± E{{c1::Measurement}} errors
Published	07/30/2024	[Types of Errors]Predictable errors of measurement. Consistently yields results either higher or lower than the correct measurement; an accuracy …
Published	07/30/2024	[Types of Errors]Produce a false positive or a false negative conclusion (a Type I or II error) about the relationship between the variables being stu…
Published	07/30/2024	In systematic errors, the concern is on the {{c1::validity::validity/reliability}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 types of systematic errors{{c1::Offset}} error{{c1::Scale factor}} error
Published	07/30/2024	[Types of Errors]Occurs when a scale isn’t calibrated to a correct zero point{{c1::Offset}} errors
Published	07/30/2024	[Types of Errors]When measurements consistently differ from the true value proportionally{{c1::Scale factor}} errors
Published	07/30/2024	[Types of Errors]Due to chance and affect the score in an unpredictable manner{{c1::Random}} errors
Published	07/30/2024	In random errors, the concern is on the {{c1::reliability::validity/reliability}}
Published	07/30/2024	The random errors in different directions will cancel each other out when you calculate the {{c1::descriptive statistic}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Smaller the variance, the more {{c1::homo::homo/hetero}}genous the scores
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Variance}} - measure of variability or differences among scores within the sample
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Reliability}} - measure of how much of the total variance is attributable to true difference of scores.
Published	07/30/2024	Reliability Coefficient equation{{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	Poor reliability coefficient: {{c1::0.50}}
Published	07/30/2024	Moderate reliability coefficient: {{c1::0.50 – 0.75}}
Published	07/30/2024	Good reliability coefficient: {{c1::0.75}}
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