Notes in 01a Higher Cortical Function

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	04/16/2024	One control center for horizontal gaze is located in the {{c1::frontal eye field}}, which is responsible for {{c2::contra}}-lateral gaze
Published	04/16/2024	Lesions to the frontal eye fields result in eyes that look {{c1::towards}} the side of the lesion
Published	04/16/2024	What visual deficit results from a lesion of primary visual cortex (e.g. PCA occlusion)?{{c1::Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing…
Published	04/16/2024	The macula is spared during posterior cerebral artery infarct due to collateral circulation with the {{c1::middle cerebral}} artery
Published	04/16/2024	Neurons of the {{c1::premotor}} cortex are involved in planning of motor activities
Published	04/16/2024	Neurons of the {{c1::prefrontal}} cortex are involved in organizing and planning the intellectual and emotional aspects of behavior
Published	04/16/2024	Which "language center" is located in the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe? {{c1::Broca's area}}
Published	04/16/2024	Broca's (expressive) aphasia is characterized by {{c1::intact::intact or impaired}} comprehension
Published	04/16/2024	Broca's (expressive) aphasia is characterized by {{c1::impaired::intact or impaired}} repetition
Published	04/16/2024	Which type of aphasia is characterized by the following: {{c1::Broca aphasia (expressive)}}1. Nonfluent speech2. Intact comprehension3. Impaired repet…
Published	04/16/2024	Conduction aphasia is characterized by {{c1::fluent::fluent or nonfluent}} speech
Published	04/16/2024	Conduction aphasia is characterized by {{c1::intact::intact or impaired}} comprehension
Published	04/16/2024	Conduction aphasia is characterized by {{c1::impaired::intact or impaired}} repetition
Published	04/16/2024	Which type of aphasia is characterized by the following: {{c1::Conduction aphasia}}1. Fluent speech2. Intact comprehension3. Impaired repetition
Published	04/16/2024	Conduction aphasia is caused by damage to the {{c1::arcuate fasciculus}}, which is a large fiber bundle that connects Broca's area with Wernicke's are…
Published	04/16/2024	Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by {{c1::nonfluent::fluent or nonfluent}} speech
Published	04/16/2024	Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by {{c1::intact::intact or impaired}} comprehension
Published	04/16/2024	Transcortical motor aphasia is characterized by {{c1::intact::intact or impaired}} repetition
Published	04/16/2024	{{c1::Transcortical motor}} aphasia is caused by damage to the areas around Broca's area; Broca's area itself is spared
Published	04/16/2024	Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by {{c1::fluent::fluent or nonfluent}} speech
Published	04/16/2024	Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by {{c1::impaired::intact or impaired}} comprehension
Published	04/16/2024	Transcortical sensory aphasia is characterized by {{c1::intact::intact or impaired}} repetition
Published	04/16/2024	{{c1::Transcortical sensory}} aphasia is caused by damage to the areas around Wernicke's area; Wernicke's area itself is spared
Published	04/16/2024	Hemispatial neglect syndrome is caused by lesion to the {{c2::non-dominant}} {{c1::parietal}} cortex
Published	04/16/2024	{{c2::Hemispatial neglect}} syndrome is characterized by inability to process sensory information (agnosia) of the {{c1::contra}}-lateral half of the …
Published	04/16/2024	ID Cortical Area: {{c1::Frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8)}}
Published	04/16/2024	ID Cortical Area: {{c1::Premotor cortex (Brodmann area 6)}}
Published	04/16/2024	ID Cortical Area: {{c1::Broca's area (Brodmann area 44 & 45)}}
Published	04/16/2024	ID Cortical Area: {{c1::Prefrontal cortex}}
Published	04/16/2024	Degeneration of the neurons of the {{c1::cerebral cortex}} leads to dementia (e.g. Alzheimer's)
Published	04/16/2024	Alzheimer disease presents with {{c1::slow::speed}}-onset memory loss, beginning with short-term and progressing to long-term loss
Published	04/16/2024	Which area of the brain is particularly sensitive to damage in Alzheimer disease? {{c1::Hippocampus}}
Published	04/16/2024	Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing is a visual deficit associated with {{c1::posterior cerebral}} artery infarct
Published	04/16/2024	Alzheimer disease = generalized cortical atrophy but also {{c1::temporal}} lobe atrophy
Published	04/16/2024	On the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, the head is mapped more {{c1::laterally}} and the feet are mapped more {{c1::medially}}
Published	04/16/2024	A seizure in the frontal eye fields results in eyes that look {{c1::away from}} the side of the lesion
Published	04/16/2024	{{c1::Encephalopathy}} refers to a {{c2::diffuse::diffuse/focal}} deficit in cortical function
Published	04/16/2024	Lesions to the {{c2::ventral}} visual association cortex result in {{c1::prosopagnosia}}, which is the inability to recognize faces
Published	04/16/2024	Lesions to the {{c2::dorsal}} visual association cortex result in {{c1::simultagnosia}}, which is the inability to perceive parts of a visua…
Published	04/16/2024	Lesions to the bilateral {{c2::primary visual cortex}} result in {{c1::Anton syndrome}}, which is when patients are blind, but they don't be…
Published	04/16/2024	Lesions of the {{c1::prefrontal cortex}} may impact personality or executive function by altering brain networks necessary to exercise social restrain…
Published	04/16/2024	Can someone with nonverbal auditory agnosia understand: Nonverbal sounds? {{c1::No}}Spoken words? {{c1::Yes}}Written text?&nb…
Published	04/16/2024	Can someone with verbal auditory agnosia understand: Nonverbal sounds? {{c1::Yes}}Spoken words? {{c1::No}}Written text? …
Published	04/16/2024	Working memory (seconds to minutes) is mediated by the {{c1::prefrontal cortex::part of brain}}
Published	04/16/2024	Alexia without Agraphia is a language deficit associated with lesion in the {{c1::dominant occipital::side and lobe}} cortex
Published	04/16/2024	Alexia without agraphia means the patient can {{c1::write}} but not {{c1::read}}
Published	04/16/2024	Lesions of the occipital lobe will cause congruous homonymous hemianopsia, often with sparing of the {{c1::macula}} or {{c2::temporal crescent}}
Published	04/16/2024	If you touch a patient with hemi-neglect syndrome on both arms simultaneously, they will only detect the one that is ipsilateral to the lesion. In Neu…
Published	04/16/2024	What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a history of gradual memory loss as described by spouse, which patient denies?{{c1::Alzheimer…
Published	04/16/2024	What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with progressive onset of visual simultagnosia, ocular apraxia, and optic ataxia?{{c1::Balint syndrome}}
Published	04/16/2024	Balint syndrome is characterized by atrophy of the {{c1::parietal cortex}}
Published	04/16/2024	During induction of anesthesia, in what order does the sensory homunculus lose sensation?{{c1::Face → Arms → Legs}}
Published	04/16/2024	Neurologists will sometimes refer to {{c1::delirium}} as "acute confusional state" or "acute toxic metabolic encephalopathy"
Published	04/16/2024	The {{c1::Parietal Lobe}} is involved in Cortical {{c2::sensory}} function, {{c3::Motor}} planning, and {{c4::Spatial awareness}}
Status	Last Update	Fields