Notes in 02 Procedural tools

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Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsNeedle sizes are measured as {{c1::gauge}}, with bigger numbers indicating a {{c1::smaller::larger/smaller}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsAre 22 and 21 gauge needles considered a small or a large needle?{{c1::Small needle}}
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsIs an 18 gauge needle considered a small or a large needle?{{c1::Large needle}}
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat is the size for a standard procedural wire?{{c1::0.035" in diameter}}
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat is the size for a procedural microwire?{{c1::0.018" in diameter}}
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools0.018” procedural microwires fit through a >{{c1::22}} gauge needles
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools0.035” standard procedural wires fit through >{{c1::18}} gauge needles
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsStandard procedural wires have a {{c1::floppy}} tip or {{c1::J}} tip which allows the wire to be safely inse…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c2::Bentson::Bentson/Rosen}} wire has a {{c1::20 cm::which size}} flexible tip length that is availab…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c2::Rosen (Cook Medical)::Bentson/Rosen}} wire has a stiff shaft with short flexible tip and tight ({…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Hydrophilic}} wires are used to cross a stenosis or for initial cannulation of an indwelling device (e…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Stiff}} wires are used when structural rigidity is required (eg, dilating subcutaneous tissues)
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsRoadrunner (Cook) and Glidewire (Terumo) wires are {{c1::hydrophilic::what type of}} wires.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsAmplatz (Boston Scientific) and Lunderquist (Cook Medical) wires are {{c1::stiff::what type of}} wires.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsProcedural catheters are measured by the {{c1::outer}} circumference and sized in {{c1::French (Fr)::units}}…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::High-flow (aka Flush)}} catheters have multiple sideholes and may be coiled (most commonly), curved, o…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsHigh-flow catheters are used for {{c1::large vessel}} angiography.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Selective}} and {{c1::superselective}} catheters have a single distal hole and come in numerous s…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::C2}} and {{c1::SOS}} are {{c2::reverse curved-tip::what type of}} catheters, and are best for bas…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Mickelson}} catheters are for more difficult selections (eg, bronchial, intercostal, lumbar …
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsSimmons catheters have excellent stability for {{c1::difficult::type of}} selections, and must be reformed.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsBerenstein, Kumpe and Multipurpose Angipographic (MPA) catheters are {{c1::angled-tip::what type of}} c…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsProcedural sheaths are measured by the {{c1::inner}} circumference and sized in {{c1::French (Fr)}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools“{{c2::Peel-away}}” sheaths are commonly used for maintaining access when placing {{c1::catheters}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsProcedural sheaths have defined {{c1::luminal}} diameters; however, the overall diameter of the sheath …
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat is a first-line technique for treatment of a arterial stenosis?{{c1::Percutaneous transluminal ang…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat is the mechanism for which percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) treats stenosis caused…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsMost angioplasty balloons are {{c1::non-compliant::compliant/noncompliant}}, meaning they have a f…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Compliant::Compliant/Non-compliant}} angioplasty balloons are inflated by {{c2::volume::volume/pressur…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat type of angioplasty balloon is used to to fully conform to the vascular contour or occlude the vessel?{…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat type of angioplasty balloon is commonly used for fully expanding/ molding a stent-graft against a vesse…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Cutting}} balloons are {{c2::non-compliant::compliant/noncompliant}} and have microsurgical …
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsAngioplasty balloons are sized by diameter in {{c1::millimeters::units}} and length in {{c1::centimeters::un…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsIn general, an angioplasty balloon should be selected that is {{c1::10–20}}% larger than the vessel diameter…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat are the associated risks associated with angioplasty?Distal {{c1::emboli}}Vessel {{c2::rupture}} or {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsIs anticoagulation (eg, heparin) typically used with angioplasty?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsThe two broad categories of stents include {{c1::balloon}}-expandable and {{c1::self}}-expandable
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Balloon}}-expandable stents have {{c2::greater::greater/lesser}} radial force upon deployment and are …
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Self}}-expandable stents are more flexible and trackable, and are {{c2::resistant::prone/resistant}} t…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Self}}-expandable stents are preferred with tortuous vessel routes or with high risk of exte…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsBecause stents are prone to in-stent stenosis, {{c1::drug-eluting::type of}} stents were developed to delive…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Covered}} stents (e.g., stent grafts) are impervious to fluid and create a new conduit
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Bare metal}} stents compromise most stents and only provide a scaffolding-like support that allows blo…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsIn general, a stent should be {{c1::1–2}} cm longer than the stenosis, with a diameter that is {{c1::1–2}} m…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsFor stents, a rule of thumb is {{c1::10}}% oversizing of an arterial stent and {{c1::20}}% oversizing of a v…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsEmbolic materials are categorized as {{c1::permanent}} (coils, plugs, particles, glue, sclerosing agent…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Coils::embolic material}} create thrombosis by inducing vascular stasis.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat are the main advantages of using coils as an embolic material?1. {{c1::precise, qui…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat is the main disadvantage of using coils as an embolic material?{{c1::Sacrifice of distal access}}
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsTo prevent recurrent bleeding from retrograde collaterals, coil embolization of lesions should be condu…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Plugs::embolic material}} are cylinder-shaped baskets that act similarly to coils but are used for {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhich type of embolic material is commonly used in splenic trauma or plug-assisted gastric variceal emboliza…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Particles::embolic material}} are microscopic (measured in microns) entities that occlude sm…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Liquid embolic agents (e.g., glue)::embolic material}} rapidly polymerize upon contact with blood and …
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Sclerosant agents::embolic material}} damage the endothelial cells of the vessel wall, causing the ves…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhich type of embolic material can be used to treat lymphovascular malformations, varices, or smaller varico…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Absorbable gelatin sponge/slurry::embolic material}} is the most commonly used temporary embolic agent…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsA common use for absorbable gelatin sponge/slurry is for emergent {{c1::traumatic bleeding}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Post-embolization}} syndrome usually occurs within the first day of embolization clinically …
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsWhat is the treatment for post-embolization syndrome?{{c1::Pain management (eg, NSAIDS, opioids when appropr…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Non-target embolization}} is unintentional embolization of structures other than the target.
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsProcedural wires are measured by {{c1::diameter}} and sized in {{c1::inches::units}}
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools1 French = {{c1::0.33}} mm
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsPercutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) inflates a balloon across a stenosis to create a controlled {{c1…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural Tools{{c1::Covered::covered/uncovered}} stents are commonly employed for treatment of aneurysms, pseudoaneur…
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsPost-procedural CT imaging of absorbable gelatin sponge/slurry can show numerous {{c1::gas locules}} in the …
Published	05/01/2023	Interventional Radiology: Procedural ToolsPost-embolization syndrome is thought to be due to release of {{c1::endovascular inflammatory modulators}} b…
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