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G23 Early Development II
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moon-jersey-hydrogen-oscar-summer-beryllium
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11/02/2024
Chorionic plate of mature placenta:- the {{c1::fetal}} surface of the placenta- formed by the {{c1::villous chorion}} and {{c1::chorionic blood vessel…
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Formation of the Amniochorionic Membrane:- following gastrulation, the amniotic cavity completely surrounds the embryo- by week 8, the {{c2::amniotic …
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In order to maintain the pregnancy, the placenta secretes:{{c1::hCGestrogenprogesterone}}
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what are the two components of the placenta
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The lacunae of the decidua basalis are developed by hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the {{c1::syncytiotrophoblast}}
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{{c1::Decidua basalis lacunae}} are eroded areas of the endometrium that collect the blood and secretions of the endometrium and spiral arteries to no…
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when and how does the extraembryonic vascular system form
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The lacuna of the decidua basalis can also be termed the {{c1::intervillous}} spaces
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The {{c1::villus chorion (chorion frondosom)}} is the chorionic layer immediately adhered to the decidua basalis
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At month {{c1::2}} of embryonic development, the {{c1::smooth}} chorion and amnion fuse to form the {{c1::amniochorioinic}} membrane
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what does decidua mean
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The {{c1::decidua capsularis}} is the endometrial layer overlying the smooth chorion
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The decidual {{c1::parietalis }}lines the majority of the uterine cavity and is not associated with the placenta
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The decidua basalis refers to the endometrial tissue that separates the {{c1::villous chorion}} from the {{c1::myometrium}}
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O2 rich and poor blood in the umbilical cord travel in what
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Placental abruption occurs due to {{c1::the premature separation of the placenta from the endometrium. This disrupts fetal blood supply}}.
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Placenta previa is caused by {{c1::implantation low on the uterine wall causing the placenta to cover the cervix. Delivery should be by C section}}.
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In which placental anomaly is maternal bleeding more frequently observed?{{c1::placenta previa}}
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As the pregnancy advances, the placental membrane tends to become {{c1::thinner}} and more {{c1::porous}}
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the placental membrane consists of what four elements
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Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition caused by a Rh{{c1::-}} mother conceiving an Rh{{c1::+}} embryo, developing antibodies for the {{c1::rhesus}} …
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Erythoblastosis fetalis is prevented with {{c1::RhoGAM}}
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During week 8 of development, the amnion expands to fill the {{c1::chorion}} cavity and fuses with the {{c1::smooth}} chorion to form the {{c1::amnioc…
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When a pregnant woman says that her water broke, the {{c1::amniochorionic membrane}} has ruptured
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Expansion of the chorion to the margins of the uterine cavity causes the {{c1::decidua capsularis}} and {{c1::decidua parietalis}} to fuse
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what is the amniotic fluid composed of
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Amniotic fluid serves the following functions:prevents fetal tissues from {{c1::adhering to the amniotic membrane}}permits fetal {{c1::movement}}aids …
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what causes a partial molar pregnancy
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what is the main difference between partial and complete molar pregnancies
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The following are characteristic of molar pregnancies:Grape-like {{c1::tumor clusters}} in the uterus{{c1::Vaginal}} bleedingElevated levels of {{c1::…
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What is the greatest complication associated with molar pregnancies aside from hemorrhage?{{c1::Malignant choriocarcinoma}}
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how are dizygotic twins formed
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Monozygotic twins arise from tissue splitting at one of three stages:1. {{c1::2-cell stage (blastomere)}}2. {{c1::early inner cell mass (embryoblast)}…
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For each mechanism of monozygosis, what elements are shared?If embryo splitting occurs at:-the two cell stage: {{c1::none, separate chorion, amnion an…
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Congenital {{c1::malformations}} typically occur within the first 3-8 weeks of embryonic development and manifest as improper/absent organ development
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define disruption in terms of congenital anomalies
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A {{c1::deformation}} is a congenital anomaly in which there has been a distortion of a fully developed structure due to exogenous mechanical forces
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Congenital {{c1::dysplasia}} refers to the abnormal organization of cells into tissues
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A congenital {{c1::syndrome}} describes a group of anomalies occuring together due to a common etiology
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{{c1::Teratogens}} are environmental agents that can cause the abnormal tissue development of a fetus/embryo
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Teratogens can include:{{c1::Physical}} agents{{c1::Metabolic}} conditions of the mother{{c1::Infection}}{{c1::Drugs}}, toxins and chemicals
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The impacts of a teratogen on fetal development depend on:The infant's {{c1::genotype}}The {{c1::developmental stage}} in which the teratogen is intro…
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Characterize the following periods of teratogen susceptibility.1. Resistant period: {{c1::weeks 1-2, blastocyst is unharmed as implantation is primiti…
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{{c1::Vertical}} transmission describes maternal-fetal/embryo infection transmission. Common agents of {{c1::vertical}} transmission can be remembered…
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Infectious teratogens commonly manifest in {{c1::miscarriage}}, {{c1::retinal}} damage, {{c1::micro}}cephaly, and {{c1::heart}} defects
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what veins drain the decidua basalis lacuna
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The placenta is composed of the {{c1::decidua basalis::maternal portion}} and the {{c1::villous chorion::fetal component}}
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how does the mother contribute to the amniotic fluid
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decidual tissue is
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the placenta begins forming in week {{c1::2}} and is the interface b/w {{c1::maternal and fetal circulation}}
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oxygenated and nutrient-rich maternal blood flows into the {{c1::intervillous spaces}} via the {{c1::spiral arteries}}
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what are some beneficial substances that can cross the placental membrane?{{c1::gaseswater/electrolytes/vitamins/amino acidsfetal wastematernal & …
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what are some harmful susbtances that can cross the placental membrane?{{c1::carbon monoxideviruses (HIV, polio, measles, Zika)pharmaceticals and recr…
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the placental membrane blocks:{{c1::Most bacteriaMost proteins, large lipid molecules (e.g., maternal cholesterol)Some pharmaceuticals}}
Status
Last Update
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