Notes in 09 Shortness of Breath

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/02/2024	Conversational Dyspnea
Published	11/02/2024	What are highly suggestive risk factors associated w/ dyspnea? - Highly suggestive of increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD)
Published	11/02/2024	When measuring JVP (jugular venous pressure), why do you measure the right internal jugular vein instead of the left?
Published	11/02/2024	How do you measure JVP (jugular venous pressure)?
Published	11/02/2024	What is considered an abnormal JVP?
Published	11/02/2024	Jugular venous distension 3cm above the sternal angle is the same as JVP {{c1::> 8cm}}
Published	11/02/2024	Does JVP change with position?
Published	11/02/2024	What angle is used to measure JVP?
Published	11/02/2024	Why would you change the angle the patient is lying to measure JVP?
Published	11/02/2024	What causes JVD (elevated JVP)?
Published	11/02/2024	What are the differential diagnoses for dyspnea?
Published	11/02/2024	What imaging test can evaluate both the heart's anatomy (structure) and physiology (function)?
Published	11/02/2024	If you've determined that dyspnea / SOB is due to the heart, what are your 5 leading differential diagnoses?
Published	11/02/2024	What are Kerley B lines that you can see on a chest xray? What are they indicative of?
Published	11/02/2024	What are the primary blood tests for determining etiology of dyspnea/(if there is heart failure)?
Published	11/02/2024	What are the primary imaging tests for diagnosing heart failure?
Published	11/02/2024	Pulmonary fibrosis
Published	11/02/2024	Pulmonary edema
Published	11/02/2024	What are the blood tests for diagnosing heart failure?
Published	11/02/2024	What are the primary imaging tests for diagnosing heart failure?Chest Xray ({{c1::structure/anatomy}})ECG ({{c1::function/physiology}})Echocardiograph…
Published	11/02/2024	Neuromuscular cause of dyspnea is {{c1::myasthenia gravis}}
Published	11/02/2024	what is dyspnea - give a few different examples
Published	11/02/2024	what is aerophagia
Published	11/02/2024	common associated symptoms with SOB (5)
Published	11/02/2024	causes of chest pain related to SOB
Published	11/02/2024	what is a cough
Published	11/02/2024	what is pseudohemoptysis
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Hemoptysis}} is the medical term for blood coughed up from lower respiratory tract.
Published	11/02/2024	4279edeb3c344e42a7aea72ac064ce42-ao-1
Published	11/02/2024	organ systems  potentially involved in SOB (5)
Published	11/02/2024	pulmonary differential dx of SOB (8)
Published	11/02/2024	SOB cardiac differentials
Published	11/02/2024	Metabolic causes of shortness of breath include {{c1::acidosis}} and {{c1::sepsis}}
Published	11/02/2024	hematologic differential for SOB
Published	11/02/2024	Psychogenic shortness of breath is attributable to {{c1::anxiety}} which is a diagnosis of {{c1::exclusion}}
Published	11/02/2024	types of pleural effusion
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Exudative}} pleural effusion is a pleural effusion caused by increased capillary permeability. This increase in permeability is often secondary …
Published	11/02/2024	Transudative pleural effusion.Cause: {{c1::increased capillary hydrostatic pressure or low plasma oncotic pressure}}Associated diseases: {{c1::CHF, ci…
Published	11/02/2024	Hypopnea describes a reduction in {{c1::airflow}} by {{c1::30}}% over {{c1::10}} seconds
Published	11/02/2024	Apnea is defined as a cessation of breathing for {{c1::10}} seconds in adults and {{c1::20}} seconds in infants
Published	11/02/2024	Hyperventilation (hyperpnea) is commonly caused by{{c1::Exercise::physiological}}{{c1::High}} altitudesMetabolic {{c1::acidosis}}{{c1::Anemia::hematol…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Hyper}}pnea is defined as rapid deep breathing. {{c1::Tachy}}pnea is defined as rapid shallow breathing.
Published	11/02/2024	Tachypnea is defined as shallow, rapid breathing and is caused primarily by pathologies that {{c1::limit chest movement/lung expansion}}. The followin…
Published	11/02/2024	Bradypnea is most frequently caused by {{c1::drugs (opioids)}}, increased {{c1::intracranial pressure}}, and {{c1::uremia}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Orthopnea}} describes dsypnea that begins immediately upon lying down
Published	11/02/2024	Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is characterized by orthopnea with a {{c1::slow}} onset that begins {{c1::several hours}} after the patient first l…
Published	11/02/2024	Orthopnea has a {{c1::rapid}} onset and is due to increased {{c1::venous}} return. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) has a {{c1::slow}} onset and is …
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Barrel chest}} is the term used to describe an increased AP diameter of the chest secondary to lung hyperinflation.Bonus: what disease commonly …
Published	11/02/2024
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::pectus excavatum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::barrel chest}}
Published	11/02/2024	Locating the fourth intercostal space in women can sometimes be difficult due to the presence of breast tissue. What landmark provides can be used to …
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::pectus excavatum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::pectus carinatum}}
Published	11/02/2024	Pediatric dyspnea can be recognized by {{c1::nasal flaring }} and {{c1::in}}spiratory {{c1::intercostal retractions}}
Published	11/02/2024	The following are common signs of dsypnea in adults{{c1::tripod position}}{{c1::accessory muscle use (scalenes, pects, sternocleidomastoid)}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Platypnea-orthodeoxia}} is the term for a parodoxical dsypnea caused by sitting up/standing after lying down.
Published	11/02/2024	The following are common signs of heart failure:{{c1::crackles/rales, orthopnea::pulmonary}}{{c1::pitting edema::integumentary}}{{c1::weight gain due …
Published	11/02/2024	A dullness to percussion with decreased tactile fremitus is indicative of what pathology?{{c1::hemo/hydrothorax}}
Published	11/02/2024	Interstitial lung disease is a class of {{c1::inflammatory}} lung disorders in which {{c1::chronic inflammation leads to excess pulmonary fibrosis}}
Published	11/02/2024	what is atelectasis
Published	11/02/2024	Bronchiectasis is a {{c1::chronic::chronic/acute}} disorder characterized by {{c1::dilation}} of the bronchial tree, increased {{c1::mucous production…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Atelectasis}} and {{c1::bronchitis}} can be cleared with cough (productive cough) in many cases.
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Fine}} crackles refer to the sound created by the sudden opening of a collapsed airway on inspiration. {{c1::Coarse}} crackles refer to the soun…
Published	11/02/2024	An S3 gallop is heard at the beginning of {{c1::diastole}} (ie the {{c1::passive filling}} phase) and is indicative of {{c1::systolic}} heart fai…
Published	11/02/2024	Pitting edema refers to dermal swelling that will indent or "pit" with applied pressure. It is often a sign of {{c1::fluid overload}}, {{c1::heart}} f…
Published	11/02/2024	JVD is assessed using the {{c1::right}} external jugular vein
Published	11/02/2024	sx of myasthenia gravis
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::intercostal and supraclavicular retractions}}
Published	11/02/2024	order for angles of measuring jvp
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Salicylates (aspirin)::drug}} are a common toxilogical cause of tachypnea
Published	11/02/2024	A {{c1::Diagnosis of exclusion}} is a diagnosis of a medical condition reached by the process of elimination. This may be necessary if the cause …
Published	11/02/2024	hypopnea is seen frequently in {{c1::sleep apnea}}
Published	11/02/2024	Apnea – transient cessation of {{c1::breathing}} (pause of {{c1::breathing}} ≥ {{c1::10}} seconds for adults; ≥ {{c1::20}} seconds for infants)
Published	11/02/2024	Exertional Dyspnea – shortness of breath provoked by {{c1::physical effort}} or {{c1::exertion (like exercise)}}
Published	11/02/2024	Non-Adherence to medications can TRIGGER an {{c1::acute decompensation}} of a chronic disease
Published	11/02/2024	Swelling in legs/ankles and weight gain can indicate {{c1::heart failure}}
Published	11/02/2024	Carotid arteries are more {{c1::medial}} – jugular veins more {{c1::lateral}} (on the neck)
Status	Last Update	Fields