Notes in 11LipidProfile

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	METHODS TO MEASURE HDL{{c1::UltracentrifugationPrecipitationElectrophoresisHomogenous (direct)}}
Published	07/30/2024	METHODS TO MEASURE LDL{{c1::Friedewald FormulaB QuantifiactionHomogenous direct}}
Published	07/30/2024	Before using ultra centrifugation to measure HDLs, the sample is adjusted to density of {{c1::1.063}} using {{c1::potassium bromide}} and centrifuged …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::B-QUANTIFICATION::lipoprotein measurement method}} uses ultracentrifugation (to separate VLDL and chylomicrons) and precipitation (to remove HDL…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HOMOGENOUS (DIRECT)::lipoprotein measurement method}} uses detergents or other chemicals to block chemicals or solubilize lipoprotein classes to…
Published	07/30/2024	FRIEDEWALD FORMULAOverall Formula: {{c1::Total cholesterol = HDLC + LDLC + VLDLC}}Formula for VLDLc if {{c2::TG < 400}} : {{c1::VLDLC = TG / 5&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	Order of Lipoproteins from ORIGIN to ANODE in Electrophoresis{{c1::Chylomicron; slowest}}{{c1::LDL (B-lipoprotein)}}{{c1::VLDL (Pre B-lipoprotein)}}{{…
Published	07/30/2024	Order of Lipoproteins from TOP to BOTTOM in Centrifugation- {{c1::Chylomicrons}}- {{c1::VLDL }}- {{c1::IDL}}- {{c1::LDL}}- {{c1::HDLTake a peek a…
Published	07/30/2024	Direct LDL methods are useful when triglycerides exceed {{c2::400 mg/dL::value}} because they are not subject to interference up to at least {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	Chylomicrons are completeley cleared within {{c1::6-9 hours}} post prandial
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LDLs}} are the most atherogenic of all lipoproteins
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HDL/Alpha lipoproteins}} transports excess cholesterol from tissues and return it to the liver
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::IDLs}} are a subclass of {{c2::LDLs; VLDL remnants}} formed from {{c2::VLDL}} and then further modified in the liver to {{c2::LDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LP(a) or sinking pre-beta lipoprotein}} is an LDL-like molecule with an attached lipoprotein carrier in the form of {{c2::apo (a) linked to apo …
Published	07/30/2024	Examples of {{c2::abnormal}} lipoproteins include {{c1::B-VLDL}} and {{c1::Lipoprotein X}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::B-VLDL/ floating beta LPP}} is accumulated in type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia and arises from defective catabolism of VLDL
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LpX::abnormal lipoprotein}} is accumulated in Familial lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency and {{c2::Obstructive biliary dise…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Cholesterol 1. VLDL 2. B-VLDL{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the serum sample has a creamy layer of chylomicrons over clear serum, it is TYPE {{c1::I}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::HYPERCHYLOMICRONEMIA}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the serum sample is clear, it is TYPE {{c1::IIA}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::HYPERBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the serum sample is either clear or slightly turbid, it is TYPE {{c1::IIB}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::HYPERBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the serum sample is turbid, it is TYPE {{c1::IV}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::HYPERPREBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the serum sample is turbid with a definite creamy layer, it is TYPE {{c1::V}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::MIXED HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA}}
Published	07/30/2024	TYPE {{c1::I}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::HYPERCHYLOMICRONEMIA}}Increase in APO B-48 and APO {{c2::A-IV}}due to {{c3::LPL or APO CII deficiency::de…
Published	07/30/2024	TYPE {{c1::IIA}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::HYPERBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}} has increased {{c2::LDL}} due to {{c3::LDL receptor mutation::defect}}
Published	07/30/2024	TYPE {{c1::IIB}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::HYPERBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}} has increased {{c2::LDL and VLDL}} due to {{c3::decreased LDL clearance…
Published	07/30/2024	TYPE {{c1::III}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::DYSBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}} has increased {{c2::IDL}} due to {{c3::defective APO E::defect}}
Published	07/30/2024	TYPE {{c1::IV}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::HYPERPREBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}} has increased {{c2::VLDL}}APO {{c3::C-II}} is either increased or dec…
Published	07/30/2024	TYPE {{c1::V}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::MIXED HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA}} has increased {{c2::VLDL and chylomicrons}}APO {{c3::C-II}} is either i…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HYPERAPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}} VLDL is {{c2::increased. Thus, APO B-100 as well}} LDL, Total cholesterol and triglyceride are {{c…
Published	07/30/2024	CONDITIONS THAT CAUSE SECONDARY LIPOPROTEINEMIA (DHOP-NPAM) {{c1::diabetes mellitus,  hypothyroidism, obesity, pregnancy, nep…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA::Lipid disorder}} {{c2::LDL and Apo B-100}} absent
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HYPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA::Lipid disorder}} Unable to synthesize {{c2::apo B-100 and apo B-48}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::HYPOALPHALIPOPROTEINEMIA::Lipid disorder}} {{c1::HDL}} low TG level is {{c1::severely elevated}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::TANGIER DISEASE::Lipid disorder}} {{c1::HDL}} absent while {{c1::LDL}} is low TG level is {{c1::normal to slightly increased }}
Published	07/30/2024	AT RISK FOR CHD: According to Gender and Age- Males of age {{c1::≥ 45 years }}- Females of age {{c1::≥ 55 years}}- Females with {{c1::premature m…
Published	07/30/2024	TRUE OR FALSE: Estrogen has protective effects against CHD, thus, in patients who give birth, secretion of estrogen may decrease; and supplementation …
Published	07/30/2024	AT RISK OF CHD: According to Family HistoryDefinite MI or sudden death - before {{c1::55}} years of age in father or other first degree male relative&…
Published	07/30/2024	AT RISK OF CHD: Hypertension & HDL Cholesterol- HYPERTENSION: {{c1::≥ 140/90}} mmHg or on {{c1::antihypertensive therapy }}- HDL Cholesterol:…
Published	07/30/2024	Cholesterol becomes surrounded by bile to form a {{c1::micelle package}} that is absorbed by the small intestine.
Published	07/30/2024	Triglycerides and cholesterol in the micelles are absorbed and broken down into {{c1::fatty acids}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Long}} fatty acids reassemble into {{c2::chylomicrons}} and enter the lymphatic system.{{c1::Short}} fatty acids enter the blood bound…
Published	07/30/2024	If the patient did not follow the prescribed fasting period, immediately after a meal, {{c1::chylomicrons}} would be seen after blood extraction.&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	Triglycerides comprise {{c1::95}}% of all fats stored in adipose tissue and they are transported through the body by {{c2::chylomicrons}} and {{c2::VL…
Published	07/30/2024	Triglyceride Reference Ranges: FASTING SERUM SPECIMENSMale: {{c1::40 - 160}} mg/dlFemale: {{c2::35 - 135}} mg/dl
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::LDL}} is the primary carrier of cholesterol.
Published	07/30/2024	The Enzymatic, end-point method of total cholesterol determination uses {{c2::cholesterol esterase}} then {{c2::cholesterol oxidase}}. {{c1::Amin…
Published	07/30/2024	The CDC-modified Abell reaction Method of total cholesterol determination uses cholesterol extracted {{c2::zeolite}}, esters chemically hydrolyze…
Published	07/30/2024	DETERMINATION OF TRIGLYCERIDESThe common steps fo all enzymatic assays include:Conversion of triglycerides to glycerol and 3 fatty acids with {{c1::li…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Apoproteins}} are specific proteins that comprise the protein portion of a {{c2::lipoprotein}}.
Published	07/30/2024	APO {{c1::A}} is the major protein component of HDL.
Published	07/30/2024	APO {{c2::A}} is responsible for the activation of {{c1::LCAT}} enzyme, which catalyzes esterification of cholesterol in the liver.
Published	07/30/2024	APO {{c1::B-100}} is the major protein constituent of {{c2::LDL}} AND {{c2::VLDL}} (40%)
Published	07/30/2024	APO {{c1::C}} is a major protein constituent of {{c2::VLDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	HDL Apoprotein percent composition:{{c1::APO AI - 75%APO AII - 20%APO D - 5%}}
Published	07/30/2024	APO {{c1::E}} is associated with {{c2::Alzheimer's disease::disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Chylomicrons and VLDL::lipoprotein/s}} is/are primarily composed of {{c2::triglycerides}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::LDL::lipoprotein/s}} is/are primarily composed of {{c1::cholesterol esters}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::HDL::lipoprotein/s}} is/are primarily composed of {{c1::protein}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) is an intermediate between {{c1::VLDL}} and {{c1::LDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	APO {{c1::B-48}} is the major protein constituent of {{c2::chylomicrons}}
Published	07/30/2024	Can chylomicrons cause atherosclerotic plaques?{{c1::No. Non-arethogenic::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::VLDL/Pre-beta lipoproteins}} are the most insoluble among all lipoproteins
Published	07/30/2024	In all familial lipid disorders and hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, {{c1::HDL::lipoprotein}} and APO {{c1::A}} is decreased
Published	07/30/2024	If TAGs are normal, the patient must have Type {{c1::IIA}} Hyperlipoproteinemia or {{c1::Hyperbetalipoproteinemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	If total cholesterol is normal, the patient could have Type {{c1::I}} Hyperlipoproteinemia or {{c1::Hyperchylomicronemia}} or Type {{c1::IV}} Hyperlip…
Published	07/30/2024	In Type III Hyperproteinemia or Dysbetalipoproteinemia, APO {{c1::E-II}} is the only apoprotein elevated
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::HOMEGENOUS (DIRECT)::lipoprotein measurement method}} uses an Immunologic assay involving blockage of non- HDL lipoproteins; HDL free to react w…
Published	07/30/2024	Lipoprotein measurement methods that are usually rare and used in reference labs or research only are the following:{{c1::Ultracentrifugation and Beta…
Published	07/30/2024	VLDLs are secreted by the liver for {{c1::metabolism in peripheral tissues}}LDLs are secreted by the liver for {{c1::membrane synthesis, adrenal, and …
Published	07/30/2024	If the serum sample sometimes has a creamy layer over a turbid layer, it is TYPE {{c1::III}} HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA or {{c1::DYSBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::FAMILIAL HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA}} Excess {{c2::VLDL::lipoprotein}} with elevated TG and cholesterol contentAPO B-100 is {{c2::within thei…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA}} VLDL cholesterol increasedTriglyceride {{c2::normal or slightly increased}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cholesterol Reference Ranges: TOTAL SERUM SPECIMENS from adults over 20 years of ageDesirable blood cholesterol: <200 mg/dlBorderline-high blood ch…
Published	07/30/2024	The Friedewald formula is not reliable for estimation when {{c2::TG > 400 mg / dL}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA (FCHL)}} can be either Type {{c2::IIA}}, Type {{c2::IV}} or both types of hyperlipoproteinemia
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lipase}}, {{c1::lipoprotein lipase}}, {{c1::epinephrine}}, and {{c1::cortisol}} break down triglycerides.
Published	07/30/2024	Precipitation to measure HDLs involves using {{c1::polyaniondivalent cation solutions (dextran sulfates and iron)}} to precipitate Apo B containing li…
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Acceptable Lipid Profile when a child >/= 2 y/o has a family history of dyslipidemia or premature CHDTotal-C: <{{c1::170}} mg/dLL…
Published	07/30/2024	Markers for cardiac muscle:{{c1::Cardiac troponin ICardiac troponin T::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Markers for coronary arteries:{{c1::Homocysteine (Hcy)C-reactive protein (CRP)PLAC Test::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Markers for heart failure:{{c1::B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)NT-pro-BNP::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cardiac troponin peaks at {{c1::24}} hours and goes back to baseline in {{c1::5-10}} days
Published	07/30/2024	Myocardial Reinfarction Diagnosis:Specimen drawn immediately & at {{c1::3-6}} hrsIncrease of >{{c1::20}}%Absolute value >{{c1::99}}th percen…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Normal LDH Pattern1. LD12. LD2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Myocardial Infarction LDH Pattern1. LD12. LD2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Creatine Kinase IsoformsCK1 ({{c1::BB}}) – {{c1::brain}}CK2 ({{c1::MB}}) – {{c1::heart}}CK3 ({{c1::MM}}) – {{c1::muscle}}
Published	07/30/2024	Myoglobin peaks at {{c1::6}} hours and goes back to baseline in {{c1::1}} days
Published	07/30/2024	Cardiac Marker Increase in Chronological Order:{{c1::MyoglobinCK-MBTroponinLD::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	Is myoglobin specific for MI?{{c1::No of course not::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ischemia-modified albumin}} - This cardiac marker detects ischemia before cell damage occurs
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Heart fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP)}} - This cardiac marker is for damage
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Glycogen phosphorylase}} - This cardiac marker is released during irreversible ischemia
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Carbonic anhydrase III}} - This is a negative cardiac marker
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Troponin I}} is the most specific cardiac marker for myocardial damage
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Plasma CRP2. Risk for CHD and Stroke{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) can be a marker for {{c1::cardiac risk}}
Published	07/30/2024	Elevated levels of {{c1::homocysteine::AA}} indicate a diminished activity of one of the enzymes in its metabolism and is a marker of regular atherosc…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::PLAC TEST (Lp-PLA2)}} - Measures Lipoprotein Phospholipase A2 activity quantitatively
Status	Last Update	Fields