Notes in 04 Sleep

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Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::Sleep}} is a period of rest for both mind and body with decreased awareness to external stimuli that is temporary and rapidly reverisble
Published	11/06/2023	There are multiple theories on the purpose of {{c1::sleep}}:Inactivity theoryEnergy conservationMemory consolidationRestorative theory (cells can…
Published	11/06/2023	We sleep because of {{c1::melatonin::hormone}} which is produced by the {{c1::pineal}} gland in reesponse to {{c2::low}} light
Published	11/06/2023	Melatonin peaks around {{c1::midnight}}
Published	11/06/2023	There are 2 opposing forces controlling sleep:{{c1::Circadian}} process: circadian altering system counteracts the sleeping system and keeps us awake{…
Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::EEG}} allows us to determine what stage of sleep someone is in by looking at their brain waves
Published	11/06/2023	Stages of sleep:{{c1::N1}} = lightest stage{{c1::N2}} = no eye movements, some recollective dreams{{c1::N3}} = deepest stage {{c1::REM}} = vivid …
Published	11/06/2023	Most of the sleep we get is in the {{c1::NREM}} stage and only 20-25% is in the {{c1::REM}} stage
Published	11/06/2023	REM stages reoccur every {{c1::90}} minutes
Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::Polysomnography}} is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders
Published	11/06/2023	Obstructive sleep apnea: {{c1::there is an obstruction in the throat; stimulus from the brain is normal}}Central sleep apnea: {{c1::something in the b…
Published	11/06/2023	Obstructive sleep apnea is diagnosed if you have ≥ {{c1::5}}/hour obstructed breathing events per hour of sleep
Published	11/06/2023	Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea:{{c1::Obesity}}{{c1::Old Age}}{{c1::Male}}{{c1::Familial/genetics}}{{c1::Different anatomy (facial abnormalit…
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Published	11/06/2023	In home sleep studies:You are looking for {{c1::obstructive sleep apnea::diagnosis}} onlyAdvantages: {{c2::cheaper, convenient}}Disadvantages: {{c2::l…
Published	11/06/2023	We worry about obstructive sleep apnea because when we don't breathe, we have low O2 levels which can result in {{c1::chronic inflammation}} and other…
Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::Sleep apnea::what condition?}} can predispose you to HTN, CAD, heeart failure, atrial fibrilation, stroke, faty liver diabetes, anesthesia,
Published	11/06/2023	Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with {{c1::increased}} all cause and cardiovascular related mortality
Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::Severe}} obstructive sleep apnea ≥ 30 AHI/hour{{c1::Moderate}} obstructive sleep apnea 15-30 AHI/hour{{c1::Mild}} obstructive sleep apnea 5-15 A…
Published	11/06/2023	Narcolepsy presents with:Excessive {{c1::daytime}} sleepinessMuscle {{c1::atonia}} during wakefulness (cataplexy)Hypnagogic or hypnopompic {{c1::hallu…
Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::Central sleep apnea}} is a pause in respiration due to lack of {{c2::central drive}} in ventilatory muscles
Published	11/06/2023	The diaphragm {{c1::doesn't}} move in central sleep apnea, and it {{c1::does}} in {{c1::obstructive sleep apnea}}
Published	11/06/2023	Cheynes Strokes breathing is seen in CHF or stroke patients with central sleep apnea, and it is where airflow {{c1::increases}} -> {{c1::decreases}…
Published	11/06/2023	You treate central sleep apnea by {{c1::managing the underlying pathophysiology}} (i.e. CHF, stroke, tumors, opiods)
Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::REMEDE}} is a device for those with CHF which stimulates the phrenic nerve (and thus the diaphragm), allowing for airflow and correction of cent…
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Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::REM behavior disorder::what condition?}} is where your muscles move during REM sleep, causing you to enact your violent dreams (punching, kickin…
Published	11/06/2023	{{c1::Night related eating disorders}} is where you eat things that you wouldn't normally eat during the day (ex. raw meat)
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