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Published 02/28/2024 Travel + self-limiting watery or brown/green diarrhea:{{c1::Traveler diarrhea = ETEC HL (cAMP) or HS toxin (cGMP)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bloody diarrhea + poltry consumption:{{c1::Campylobacter jejuni or Salmonella spp.}}
Published 02/28/2024 Abx (clindamycin, beta-lactam, cephalosportin) + diarrhea:{{c1::C. difficile}}
Published 02/28/2024 Dx of C. diff:{{c1::stool AB toxin test, not stool culture}}
Published 02/28/2024 Fever of 104 + abdo distention in C diff:{{c1::toxic megacolon -> laparotomy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx of C. diff:{{c1::vancomycin, not metronidazole (updated guidelines as of Feb 2018)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bloody diarrhea + travel:{{c1::Entamoeba histolytica}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx of E. histolytica:{{c1::metronidazole + iodoquinol; can give paromomycin}}
Published 02/28/2024 Close quaters or military barracks or cruise ship + watery diarrhea:{{c1::Norwalk virus}}
Published 02/28/2024 Child <5 yo + watery diarrhea:{{c1::rotavirus}}
Published 02/28/2024 Few organisms causing bloody diarrhea:{{c1::Shilgella}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bloody diarrhea + appendicitis-like pain (pseudoappendicitis) in a child:{{c1::Yersinia enterocolitica}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bloody diarrhea + reactive arthritis in an adult:{{c1::Y. enterocolitica, Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella}}
Published 02/28/2024 Diarrhea + Guillain-Barre syndrome:{{c1::Campylobacter}}
Published 02/28/2024 GB syndrome CSF:{{c1::albuminocytologic dissociation (high protein + normal cells)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Guillain-Barre syndrome Dx:{{c1::electromyography + nerve conduction studies}}
Published 02/28/2024 Cardiac ischemia + need to evaluate:{{c1::ECG stress test, first-line}}
Published 02/28/2024 Cardiac ischemia + abnormal baseline ECG (e.g. BBB):{{c1::Echo stress test (need normal ECG to do ECG stress test)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Cardiac ischemia + patient can't exercise:{{c1::dobutamine +ECG/echo}}
Published 02/28/2024 ECG shows diffuse ST-segment elevations:{{c1::Pericarditis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pericatditis Tx: {{c1::NSAID, or steroid, or colchicine}}
Published 02/28/2024 Central chest pain after viral infection + increased CK:{{c1::pleurodynia (intercostal muscle spasm)}}
Published 02/28/2024 ST-segment depressions in the anterior ECG leads:{{c1::posterior MI}}
Published 02/28/2024 Electrical alternans on ECG:{{c1::pericardial tamponade/pericardial effusion}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pulsus paradoxus (drop in systolic BP >10 mm with inspiration):{{c1::cardiac tamponade or severe asthma}}
Published 02/28/2024 Beck triad:{{c1::hypotension, muffled heart sounds, JVD = pericardial tamponade}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx of tamponade:{{c1::pericardiocentesis or pericardial window}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tamponade:{{c1::do eco before pericardiocentesis if both listed}}
Published 02/28/2024 Community-acquired pneumonia (CPP) + bilateral CXR infiltrates:{{c1::Mycoplasma}}
Published 02/28/2024 CPP + lobar pattern (right-lower lobe consolidation + dullness to percussion:{{c1::Strep pneumo}}
Published 02/28/2024 CPP + lobar pattern, but they will say "interstitial" in the vignette description:{{c1::Mycoplasma}}
Published 02/28/2024 Emperic Tx for CPP:{{c1::azithromycin}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for CPP is pt on Abx past three months:{{c1::fluoroquinolone over azithro}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pneumonia in CF patient <10 years: {{c1::S. aureus}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pneumonia in CF patient >10 years:{{c1::Pseudomonas}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pneumonia after influenza infection:{{c1::S. aureus}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pneumonia + rabits:{{c1::F. tularensis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pneumonia + cattle: {{c1::Coxiella (Q fever)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pneumonia + birds:{{c1::Chlamydia psittaci}}
Published 02/28/2024 Leg swelling + pain + shortness of breath:{{c1::Pulmonary embolism caused by DVT}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for PE:{{c1::Heparin before spiral CT}}
Published 02/28/2024 TX for Pe in pregnant woman:{{c1::V/Q scan, not CT}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for PE in someone already on warfarin:{{c1::spiral CT to confirm, then IVC filter}}
Published 02/28/2024 Acid-base disturbance in PE:{{c1::resp. alkalosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Acid-base disturbance in asthma:{{c1::resp. alkalosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Acid-base disturbance in aspirin toxicity first 20 min:{{c1::resp alkalosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Acid-base disturbance in aspirin toxicity after 20 min:{{c1::mixed metabolic acidosis-respiratory alkalosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for aspirin toxicity:{{c1::bicarb}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for TCA toxicity:{{c1::sodium bicarb}}
Published 02/28/2024 Normal calcium lab values:{{c1::8.4-10.2 mEq/L}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx of hypercalcemia:10.2-12 : {{c1::normal saline (0.9% NaCl)}}12-14 : {{c2::normal saline (0.9% NaCl) only if asymptomatic; add bisphosphonate (e.g.,…
Published 02/28/2024 High calcium + polyuria:{{c1::nephrogenic diabetes insipidus}}
Published 02/28/2024 High calcium + confusion:{{c1::delirium caused by high calcium}}
Published 02/28/2024 Low calcium or potassium not responsive to supplementation:{{c1::cause is low Mg}}
Published 02/28/2024 Low calcium or potassium in alcoholic:{{c1::hypomagnesemia is cause}}
Published 02/28/2024 Ataxia, confusion, ophthalmoplegia:{{c1::Wegnicke encephalopathy (B1 deficiency)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Retrograde amnesia + confabulation in alcoholic:{{c1::Korsakoff psychosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (anatomy):{{c1::mammillary bodies}}
Published 02/28/2024 Hx of many pregnancies + downard movement of vesicourethral junction:{{c1::stress incontinence}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx of stress incontinence:{{c1::pelvic floor exercises (Kegel)}}; if insufficient: {{c1::mid-urethral sling}}
Published 02/28/2024 Hyperactive detrusor or detrusor instability:{{c1::urge incontinence}}
Published 02/28/2024 Need to run to bathroom when sticking key in door:{{c1::urge incontinence}}
Published 02/28/2024 Incontinence in multiple sclerosis patient or perimenopausal:{{c1::urge incontinence}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx of urge incontinence:{{c1::Oxybutynin (muscarinic cholinergic antagonist)}}or {{c1::mirabegron (beta-3 agonist)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Incontinence + high post-void volume (usually 3-400; normal is <50 mL):{{c1::overflow incontinence}}
Published 02/28/2024 Incontinence in diabetes:{{c1::overflow incontinence due to neurogenic bladder}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for overflow incontinence in diabetes:{{c1::bethanacol (muscarinic cholinergic agonist)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Incontinence in BPH:{{c1::overflow incontinence due to outlet obstruction}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for overflow incontinence in BPH:{{c1::insert catheter first; then give alpha-1 blocker or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor}}
Published 02/28/2024 Exquisitely tender prostate on digital rectal exam:{{c1::prostatitis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Prostatitis Tx:{{c1::ciprofloxacilin}}
Published 02/28/2024 Costovertebral angle tenderness + fever:{{c1::pyelonephritis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Costovertebral angle tenderness + granular casts:{{c1::pyelonephritis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for pyelonephritis:{{c1::ciprofloxacin}}, or {{c1::ampicillin + gentamicin}}
Published 02/28/2024 Saddle anesthesia + urinary retention:{{c1::cauda equina syndrome}}
Published 02/28/2024 Perianal anesthesia + urinary retention or incontinence:{{c1::conus medullaris syndrome}}
Published 02/28/2024 Gradual-onset dementia + no sensory or motor dysfunction:{{c1::Alzheimer}}
Published 02/28/2024 Mini-mental state exam score low + patients tries to do well: {{c1::Alzheimer}}
Published 02/28/2024 Mini-mental state exam score low + patient is apathetic / takes long to perform tasks / does poorly on reverse serial 7s:{{c1::depression (pseudodemen…
Published 02/28/2024 Patient complains about memory loss:{{c1::normal aging, not Alzheimer }}
Published 02/28/2024 First-line Tx for Alzheimer: {{c1::Donepezil }}
Published 02/28/2024 NMDA receptor (glutamate receptor, calcium channel) antagonist used in moderate to severe Alzheimer Tx:{{c1::Memantine}}
Published 02/28/2024 Step-wise dementia/decline and/or sensory/motor disturbance:{{c1::vascular dementia}}
Published 02/28/2024 Hx of hypertension + dementia + sensory/motor disturbance:{{c1::vascular dementia}}
Published 02/28/2024 Visual hallucinations + Parkinsonism + dementia:{{c1::Lewy body dementia}}
Published 02/28/2024 Apathy + disinhibition + personality change + dementia:{{c1::frontotemporal dementia (Pick disease)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Urinary incontinence + ataxia + CNS dysfunction (wet, wobbly, wacky):{{c1::Normal-pressure hydrocephalus}}
Published 02/28/2024 Wet, wobbly, wacky + Parkinsonism:{{c1::Normal-pressure hydrocephalus}}
Published 02/28/2024 Parkinsonism in young patient:{{c1::Wilson disease till proven otherwise}}
Published 02/28/2024 Parkinsonism in older patient: {{c1::Parkinson disease }}
Published 02/28/2024 Parkinsonism + axial dystonia:{{c1::progressive supranuclear palsy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for UTI:{{c1::TMP/SMX}} or {{c1::nitrofurantoin}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for cystitis:{{c1::nitrofurantoin}}
Published 02/28/2024 Waiter-tip position in kid:{{c1::upper brachial plexus injury - C5/C6 - Erb-Duchenne palsy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Claw hand:{{c1::lower brachial plexus - C8/T1 - Klumpke palsy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pronated arm + wrist-drop:{{c1::radial nerve injury}}
Published 02/28/2024 Supracondylar fracture of humerus:{{c1::median nerve injury}}
Published 02/28/2024 Surgical neck of humerus fracture:{{c1::axillary nerve injury}}
Published 02/28/2024 Medial epicondylar injury:{{c1::ulnar nerve injury}}
Published 02/28/2024 Weakened biceps + loss of sensation of lateral forearm:{{c1::musculocutaneous nerve injury}}
Published 02/28/2024 Paresthesias + pain following burn or casting:{{c1::compartment syndrome}}
Published 02/28/2024 Compartment syndrome Dx:{{c1::measure compartment pressure}}
Published 02/28/2024 Compartment syndrome Tx:{{c1::fasciotomy of uncast}}
Published 02/28/2024 Guy lifts heavy box -> severe lower back pain + muscle spasm + no radiculopathy:{{c1::lumbosacral strain only}}
Published 02/28/2024 Lumbosacral strain diagnosis:{{c1::DO NOT x-ray}}
Published 02/28/2024 Lumbosacral strain Tx:{{c1::NSAIDs + exercise as tolerated}}
Published 02/28/2024 Guy lifts heavy box -> severe low back pain + radiculopathy:{{c1::herniated disc, x-ray}}
Published 02/28/2024 Point tenderness over a vertebra in older woman: {{c1::osteoporosis (compression fracture)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Point tenderness over vertebra in younger pt on steroids:{{c1::Osteoporosis (compression fracture)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Point tenderness over a vertebra in pt with autoimmune disease:{{c1::osteoporosis (compression fracture)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Point tenderness over a vertebra in IV drug user:{{c1::epidural abscess}}
Published 02/28/2024 "Step-off" of one vertebra relative to another:{{c1::spondylolisthesis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Back pain worse in the morning and gets better throughout day in male 20s-40s:{{c1::ankylosing spondylitis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bamboo spine:{{c1::ankylosing spondylitis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Dx of ankylosing spondylitis:{{c1::x-ray of sacroiliac joints}}
Published 02/28/2024 Back pain worse when standing or walking for long periods of time:{{c1::lumbar spinal stenosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Radiculopathy down an arm:{{c1::cervical disc herniation}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bilateral paresthesias in the arms in rheumatoid arthritis patient:{{c1::atlantoaxial subluxation}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bilateral paresthesias in the arms in rheumatoid arthritis patient:{{c1::MR of spin to Dx atlantoaxial subluxation}}
Published 02/28/2024 Prior to surgery in rheumatoid arthritis patient:cervical CT or flexion/extension x-rays of cervical spine to check for {{c1::atlantoaxial subluxation…
Published 02/28/2024 Back pain in elderly patient with hypercalcemia:{{c1::multiple myeloma or metastases}}
Published 02/28/2024 Back pain in patient with history of other type of cancer:{{c1::metastases}}
Published 02/28/2024 Suspected spinal mets:{{c1::MRI}}
Published 02/28/2024 Metastases to long bones in prostate cancer:{{c1::osteoblastic}}
Published 02/28/2024 High hemoglobin +/- pruritis after shower +/- plethora +/- splenomegaly:{{c1::polycythema vera}}
Published 02/28/2024 High hemoglobin + low EPO:{{c1::polycythemia vera}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pruritis after shower:{{c1::basophilia}}
Published 02/28/2024 High hemoglobin + lung disease / low pO2:{{c1::secondary polycythemia (high EPO)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Polycythemia + hypercalcemia + smoker + red urine:{{c1::RCC (paraneoplastic EPO + PTH-rp)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Blurry vision or Raynaud or pain in fingers or headache:{{c1::hyperviscosity syndrome}}
Published 02/28/2024 Hyperviscosity syndrome:{{c1::Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia or polycythemia}}
Published 02/28/2024 Hereditary spherocytosis:{{c1::AD, ankyrin or spectrin or band protein deficiency}}
Published 02/28/2024 Treatment for ITP:{{c1::steroids, then IVIG, then splenectomy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for hereditary hemochromatosis:{{c1::serial phlebotomy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for secondary hemochromatosis (transfusion siderosis):{{c1::chelation therapy (deferoxamine)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Viral infection + tinnitus + vertigo +/- neurosensory hearing loss:{{c1::labrynthitis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Viral infection + vertigo:{{c1::vestibular neuritis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for multiple sclerosis flares:{{c1::IV steroids (IV methylprednisolone)}}Tx for long-term management: {{c1::interferon beta therapy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Given to MS patients between flares:{{c1::Interferon-beta}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for spasticity in MS:{{c1::baclofen}}
Published 02/28/2024 Incontinence in MS:{{c1::urge}}
Published 02/28/2024 New-onset murmur + fever:{{c1::endocarditis till proven otherwise}}
Published 02/28/2024 Empiric Tx for endocarditis:{{c1::vancomycin}} or {{c1::ampicillin/subactam, PLUS gentamicin}}
Published 02/28/2024 Beta-lactam (e.g., nafcillin) or cephalosporin + rash + renal issue:{{c1::interstitial nephritis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Interstitial nephritis:{{c1::WBCs in urine (eosinophils)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Fixed splitting of S2:{{c1::atrial septal defect}}
Published 02/28/2024 Holosystolic murmur at left sternal border plus either parasternal heave or palpable thrill:{{c1::VSD}}
Published 02/28/2024 Holosystolic murmur at left sternal border plus diastolic rumble:{{c1::VSD}}
Published 02/28/2024 To-and-fro murmur:{{c1::PDA}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pan-systolic-pan-diastolic murmur:{{c1::PDA}}
Published 02/28/2024 Continuous, machinery-like murmur:{{c1::PDA}}
Published 02/28/2024 Congenital rubella syndrome:{{c1::PDA}}
Published 02/28/2024 Heart problem in neonate of mom with SLE:{{c1::Congenital third-degree heartblock}}
Published 02/28/2024 Heart problem in William syndrome:{{c1::supravalvular aortic stenosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bicuspid aortic valve:{{c1::aortic stenosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Mid-systolic (crescendo-decrescendo) murmur + gets worse with Valsalva:{{c1::HOCM}}
Published 02/28/2024 Mid-systolic (crescendo-decrescendo) murmur + no change or softens with Valsalva:{{c1::aortic stenosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve results in {{c1::mitral valve prolapse}}
Published 02/28/2024 Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome:{{c1::MVP}} or {{c2::aortic regurg}}
Published 02/28/2024 Rheumatic heart disease acutely (onset of Group A strep infection):{{c1::mitral regurg}}
Published 02/28/2024 Rheumatic heart disease later on (years after infection):{{c1::mitral stenosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Mid-systolic click: {{c1::MVP}}
Published 02/28/2024 Late-peaking systolic murmur with ejection click:{{c1::another way to describe aortic stenosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bounding pulses + massively wide pulse pressure:{{c1::aortic regurg}}
Published 02/28/2024 Brisk upstroke + precipitous downstroke of pulse:{{c1::aortic regurg}}
Published 02/28/2024 Syncope + angina + dyspnea (SAD):{{c1::aortic stenosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Dyspnea in second trimester of pregnancy:{{c1::mitral stenosis }}
Published 02/28/2024 Dyspnea late in pregnancy:{{c1::peripartum cardiomyopathy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Screening at age 50: {{c1::mammogram (every 2 years) + colonoscopy (every 10 years)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Breast imaging (if performed):{{c1::ultrasound only under age 30; over age 30 do mammogram +/- ultrasound}}
Published 02/28/2024 Anuria (no urine output) after removal of catheter:{{c1::acute urethral obstruction}}
Published 02/28/2024 Contrast induced nephropathy; how to prevent:{{c1::saline hydration beforehand}}
Published 02/28/2024 BUN/Cr > 20:{{c1::pre-renal (hypovolemia) -> heart failure}}
Published 02/28/2024 BUN/Cr < 20 {{c1::not pre-renal }}
Published 02/28/2024 Blood loss + oliguria: {{c1::acute tubular necrosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Blood loss + obstetric catastrophe:{{c1::diffuse cortical necrosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Sickle cell + nephrotic syndrome:{{c1::focal segmental glomerulosclerosus}}
Published 02/28/2024 Sickle cell + red urine:{{c1::renal papillary necrosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 2+ blood in urine but 0-4RBCs/HPF on LMfalse + blood on dipstick{{c1::myoglobinuria -> rhabdomyolysis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pleural/supradiaphragmatic plaques:{{c1::asbestosis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Preferred antibiotic in sepsis:{{c1::ceftriaxone}}
Published 02/28/2024 Sepsis Tx in young children:{{c1::cefotaxime}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis:{{c1::ceftriaxone}}
Published 02/28/2024 Cirrhosis or recurrent peritoneal dialysis or nephrotic syndrome + fever + abdo pain:{{c1::Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Dx:{{c1::paracentesis + do gram-stain + look for >250 WBCs per HPF}}
Published 02/28/2024 Dysphagia to solids and liquids at the same time to start:{{c1::achalasia (neurogenic)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Dysphagia to solids that progresses to solids and liquids:{{c1::esophageal cancer}}
Published 02/28/2024 Halitosis +/- gurgling sound when swallowing +/- regurgitation of undigested food:{{c1::Zenker }}
Published 02/28/2024 Zenker + achalasia initial Dx modality:{{c1::barium swallow}}
Published 02/28/2024 After barium swallow is done and shows bird's beak appearance: {{c1::monometry to confirm Dx of achalasia}}
Published 02/28/2024 Pt with Hx of GERD + dysphagia:{{c1::straight to endoscopy to rule out cancer}}
Published 02/28/2024 Diabetic pt with new-onset GERD:{{c1::diabetic gastroparesis}}
Published 02/28/2024 Diabetic pt with new-onset GERD (Rx):{{c1::Give metoclopramide, not PPI}}
Published 02/28/2024 Diabetic gastroparesis before giving med:{{c1::endoscopy first to rule out physical obstruction}}
Published 02/28/2024 Endoscopy negative for gastropresis:{{c1::do gastric-emptying scintigraphy}}
Published 02/28/2024 Bulimia nervosa or anorexia:never give {{c1::bupropion (seizure risk)}}
Published 02/28/2024 Electrolyte abnormality in anorexia: {{c1::hypokalemia}}
Published 02/28/2024 Most common cause of death in anorexia:{{c1::arrhythmia from hypokalemia}}
Published 02/28/2024 Refeeding syndrome:worry about {{c1::hypophosphatemia}}
Published 02/28/2024 Tx of anorexia + depression :{{c1::mirtazapine (alpha-2 antagonist); stimulates appetite}}
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