Notes in Case 1: Chronic Knee Pain

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Published	01/19/2024	{{c1::An ACL}} rupture can be diagnosed with the {{c2::anterior drawer}} sign
Published	01/19/2024	{{c1::A PCL}} rupture can be diagnosed with the {{c2::posterior drawer}} sign
Published	01/19/2024	{{c1::Osteoarthritis::disease}} is caused by age-related wear and tear of articular cartilage
Published	01/19/2024	Gout is caused by precipitation of {{c1::uric acid}} in the joints
Published	01/19/2024	Acute gout exacerbations are treated with:{{c1::indomethacin}}{{c1::colchicine}}{{c1::steroids}}
Published	01/19/2024	In rheumatoid arthritis, the inflammatory milieu of the pannus causes {{c1::degradation}} of the nearby {{c2::bone}} and {{c2::cartilag…
Published	01/19/2024	{{c1::Osteoarthritis::joint pathology}} is associated with thinning of the cartilage and thickening of the bone
Published	01/19/2024	{{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis::joint pathology}} is associated with thinning of the cartilage and thinning of the bone
Published	01/19/2024	OA and RA both present with swollen joints. When palpated on exam, OA joints feel {{c1::hard}} and RA joints feel {{c1::soft}}
Published	01/19/2024	Osteoarthritis is treated with {{c2::physical therapy}}, {{c2::weight loss}}, and pain relievers. If these treatments fail, the last resort is {{…
Published	01/19/2024	The major risk factor for osteoarthritis is {{c1::age (> 60)}}; additional risk factors include obesity, joint trauma, and female sex
Published	01/19/2024	Osteoarthritis classically presents with joint stiffness that improves with {{c1::rest}}
Published	01/19/2024	Osteoarthritis often presents with pain in {{c1::weight-bearing}} joints after use (e.g. hip, knees, lower lumbar spine)
Published	01/19/2024	Osteoarthritis is characterized by fragments of cartilage floating in the joint space, called "{{c1::joint mice}}"
Published	01/19/2024	{{c2::Osteoarthritis}} is characterized by {{c1::eburnation (polishing)}} of the subchondral bone, due to friction from the opposing bone surface
Published	01/19/2024	Osteoarthritis is characterized by {{c1::osteophyte}} formation, which are reactive bony outgrowths
Published	01/19/2024	Which arthritis is characterized by joint space narrowing and osteophytes on imaging? {{c1::Osteoarthritis}}
Published	01/19/2024	Does osteoarthritis present with symmetric or asymmetric joint involvement? {{c1::Asymmetric}}
Published	01/19/2024	Does osteoarthritis present with systemic symptoms (e.g. fever, fatigue)? {{c1::No}}
Published	01/19/2024	Pain management for osteoarthritis includes acetaminophen, {{c1::NSAIDs}}, {{c3::celecoxib}} and/or intra-articular {{c2::glucocorticoids}}
Published	01/19/2024	This image is an example of a "{{c1::swan neck}}" deformity, which is most commonly associated with {{c2::rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	01/19/2024	This image is an example of a "{{c1::Boutonniere}}" deformity, which is most commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Published	01/19/2024	Which arthritis classically involves the PIPs and DIPs? {{c1::Osteoarthritis (also the 1st CMC)::Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	01/19/2024	Which arthritis is characterized by non-inflammatory synovial fluid (WBC < 2000/mm3)? {{c1::Osteoarthritis::Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid arthr…
Published	01/19/2024	Which arthritis classically involves the PIPs and MCP? {{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis::Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	01/19/2024	Which arthritis is characterized by an inflammatory synovial fluid (WBC > 5000/mm3)? {{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis::Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid arthr…
Published	01/19/2024	Are Heberden nodes and Bouchard nodes seen with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis? {{c1::Osteoarthritis}}
Published	01/19/2024	Gout is associated with hyper{{c1::uricemia}}
Published	01/19/2024	Acute gout may occur with {{c1::alcohol}} consumption due to competition for the same excretion site in the kidney as uric acid
Published	01/19/2024	Acute gout may occur with {{c1::red meat}} or seafood consumption, which are foods rich in purines
Published	01/19/2024	{{c3::Gout}} is characterized by {{c2::needle}}-shaped crystals with {{c1::negative}} birefringence under polarized light (seen in synovial fluid)
Published	01/19/2024	A positive anterior drawer sign demonstrates increased {{c1::anterior gliding}} of the {{c1::tibia}}
Published	01/19/2024	A positive posterior drawer sign shows increased {{c1::posterior gliding}} of the {{c1::tibia}}
Published	01/19/2024	The {{c1::valgus}} stress test is most commonly used to identify {{c2::MCL}} injury
Published	01/19/2024	The {{c1::valgus}} test is performed with the knee at a(n) {{c2::30}}º angle while a(n) {{c3::lateral}} {{c1::(valgus)}} force is applied
Published	01/19/2024	An abnormal {{c1::valgus}} test shows increased {{c2::medial space widening}} of the tibia
Published	01/19/2024	Acute gout will commonly manifest in the {{c1::1st metatarsal::specific}}
Published	01/19/2024	Can morning stiffness be experienced in patients with osteoarthritis?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	01/19/2024	Gout and septic arthritis can be differentiated by the timing of pain:Abrupt (hours) onset of pain: {{c1::gout::gout/septic arthritis}}Gradual (days) …
Published	01/19/2024	Osteoarthritis is common in patients with prior joint injury, especially {{c1::anterior cruciate}} ligament injury
Published	01/19/2024	Is weight loss or exercise more important to reduce risk of osteoarthritis?{{c1::Weight loss}}
Published	01/19/2024	Initial management of knee osteoarthritis may include exercises to strengthen the {{c1::quadriceps}} muscle
Published	01/19/2024	In knee osteoarthritis, exercises to strengthen the quadriceps muscles can reduce abnormal loading on the joint and protect the {{c1::articular}}&nbsp…
Published	01/19/2024	In osteoarthritis, activated chondrocytes release {{c1::matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)}}, which induces destruction of {{c2::ECM cartilage::tissue}} …
Published	01/19/2024	Rheumatoid arthritis is a type {{c1::III}} hypersensitivity reaction
Published	01/19/2024	Gout may be precipitated by {{c1::dehydration}} due to hypovolemia and resultant increased uric acid concentration
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