Notes in 03 Lung Structure and Function

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Published	09/25/2023	Resistance is {{c1::inversely}} proportional to the {{c3::fourth}} power of the {{c2::radius}} of the blood vessel
Published	09/25/2023	At FRC, the intrapleural space normally has a(n) {{c1::negative}} pressure relative to the atmosphere
Published	09/25/2023	What is the effect of emphysema on lung compliance?{{c1::Increased compliance}}
Published	09/25/2023	At the original FRC, the tendency of the lung to collapse in a patient with emphysema is {{c1::less}} than the tendency of the chest wall to expand
Published	09/25/2023	What is the effect of emphysema on functional residual capacity (FRC)?{{c1::Increased FRC}}
Published	09/25/2023	What is the effect of pulmonary fibrosis on lung compliance?{{c1::Decreased compliance}}
Published	09/25/2023	At the original FRC, the tendency of the lung to collapse in a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is {{c1::greater}} than the tendency of the chest wall …
Published	09/25/2023	What is the effect of pulmonary fibrosis on functional residual capacity (FRC)?{{c1::Decreased FRC}}
Published	09/25/2023	How does the intrapleural pressure change during inspiration (relative to atmosphere)? {{c1::More negative relative to atmosphere}}
Published	09/25/2023	How does the alveolar pressure change during mid-inspiration (relative to atmosphere)? {{c1::More negative relative to atmosphere}}
Published	09/25/2023	As the alveolar pressure becomes negative relative to the atmosphere (mid-inspiration), air flows {{c1::inwards}}
Published	09/25/2023	How does the volume of breath change during expiration? {{c1::Decreased}}
Published	09/25/2023	How does the intrapleural pressure change during expiration (relative to atmosphere)? {{c1::Less negative relative to atmosphere}}
Published	09/25/2023	How does the alveolar pressure change during mid-expiration (relative to atmosphere)? {{c1::More positive relative to atmosphere}}
Published	09/25/2023	As the alveolar pressure becomes positive relative to the atmosphere (mid-expiration), air flows {{c1::outwards}}
Published	09/25/2023	The dorsal and ventral respiratory groups are located in the {{c1::medulla}} of the brain stem
Published	09/25/2023	The {{c1::dorsal}} respiratory group is primarily responsible for {{c2::inspiration}} and generates the basic rhythm for breathing
Published	09/25/2023	The {{c1::ventral}} respiratory group is primarily responsible for {{c2::expiration}} and is not active during normal, quiet breathing
Published	09/25/2023	The embryonic lung bud divides into two {{c1::bronchial}} buds that branch off into {{c2::bronchi}}
Published	09/25/2023	The {{c2::embryonic}} period of lung development occurs from weeks {{c1::4}} to {{c1::7}}
Published	09/25/2023	Errors at what stage of lung development can lead to the formation of a Tracheoesophageal Fistula?{{c1::Embryonic Period (Weeks 4-7)}}
Published	09/25/2023	The {{c2::pseudoglandular}} period of lung development occurs from weeks {{c1::5}} to {{c1::17}}
Published	09/25/2023	During the {{c1::pseudoglandular}} period (lung development), the {{c2::endodermal tubules}} form the {{c3::terminal bronchioles}}
Published	09/25/2023	Is respiration possible during the pseudoglandular period of lung development? {{c1::No; incompatible with life}}
Published	09/25/2023	The {{c2::canalicular}} period of lung development occurs from weeks {{c1::16}} to {{c1::25}}
Published	09/25/2023	During the {{c1::canalicular}} period (lung development), the {{c2::terminal bronchioles}} form the {{c3::respiratory bronchioles}}, which then form t…
Published	09/25/2023	During the {{c2::canalicular}} period of lung development, airways {{c1::increase}} in diameter
Published	09/25/2023	Respiration may be possible at week {{c1::25}} (canalicular period)
Published	09/25/2023	The {{c2::saccular}} period of lung development occurs from weeks {{c1::26}} to {{c1::birth}}
Published	09/25/2023	During the {{c1::saccular}} period (lung development), the {{c2::alveolar ducts}} form the {{c3::terminal sacs}}
Published	09/25/2023	The {{c2::alveolar}} period of lung development occurs from weeks {{c1::36}} to {{c1::8 years}}
Published	09/25/2023	During the {{c1::alveolar}} period (lung development), the {{c2::terminal sacs}} form the {{c3::adult alveoli}}
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)}} is a congenital defect resulting in a connection between the esophagus and trachea
Published	09/25/2023	Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with lung {{c1::hypoplasia}}
Published	09/25/2023	The epithelial lining of the respiratory tract arises from {{c1::endoderm::germ layer}}, but the cartilage, muscle, and connective tissue of the …
Published	09/25/2023	Lung development begins with formation of the {{c1::respiratory diverticulum}}
Published	09/25/2023	The respiratory diverticulum develops in week {{c1::4}}
Published	09/26/2023	The 5 stages of lung maturation are:Week 3-7: {{c1::Embryonic}}Week 7-17: {{c2::Pseudoglandular}}Week 17-27: {{c3::Canalicular}}Week 27-36: …
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Pulmonary sequestration::Congenital Pulmonary Defect}} is when part of the lung gets its blood supply from systemic circulation instead of pulmo…
Published	09/25/2023	Lung bud separates from the foregut through a {{c1::tracheoesophageal}} septum
Published	09/25/2023	Surfactant is first produced in {{c1::Canalicular::Lung Development Stage}} stage and is detectable in the {{c1::Saccular::Lung Development Stage}} st…
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::CCAM or CPAM::Congenital Pulmonary Defects}} causes cystic lesions in the lungs
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Atresia}} means narrowing (in context of pulmonary congenital defects)
Published	09/25/2023	Forceful breathing controlled by {{c1::pons::brain structure}}
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Medium}} sized bronchi has highest airway resistance
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Superficial}} lymphatic drainage present along pleural surface {{c1::Deep}} (intrapulmonary) lymphatic drainage present adjacent to bronchovascu…
Published	09/25/2023	{{c1::Respiratory bronchioles}} are first branch of bronchial tree with gas exchange capability
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