Notes in 06 Gastrointestinal Malignancies

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Krukenberg}} tumor is metastatic mucinous tumor that involves both {{c3::ovaries}}; most commonly due to metastatic {{c2::gastric carcinoma (dif…
Published	03/07/2024	Recognition and facilitation of excision of {{c2::mismatched nucleotides}} occur via enzymes found on two genes: {{c1::MSH2 (MutS)}} or {{c1::MLH1 (Mu…
Published	03/07/2024	What pathology is characterized by a deficiency of the enzymes used in mismatch base repair? {{c1::Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal …
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::MALToma}} is a form of marginal zone lymphoma in mucosal sites
Published	03/07/2024	Which type of esophageal cancer (SCC or adenocarcinoma) is associated with very hot tea? {{c1::Squamous cell carcinoma}}
Published	03/07/2024	What is the most common classification of gastric carcinoma (e.g. SCC, lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, etc.)? {{c1::Adenocarcinoma}}
Published	03/07/2024	The {{c2::diffuse}} type of gastric carcinoma is characterized by {{c1::signet ring}} cells that infiltrate the gastric wall
Published	03/07/2024	The {{c2::diffuse}} type of gastric carcinoma may cause {{c1::linitis plastica}}, which is a grossly thickened and leathery stomach wall
Published	03/07/2024	Gastric carcinoma typically presents {{c1::late::timing}} with weight loss, early satiety, abdominal pain, and anemia
Published	03/07/2024	Gastric carcinoma may spread and involve the {{c1::left supraclavicular}} node, also known as {{c2::Virchow's node}}
Published	03/07/2024	Distant metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma most commonly involves the {{c1::liver}}
Published	03/07/2024	Gastric carcinoma may spread and involve the {{c1::periumbilical}} region, also known as a(n) {{c2::Sister Mary Joseph nodule}}
Published	03/07/2024	Colonic {{c1::polyps}} are raised protrusions of colonic mucosa
Published	03/07/2024	Colonic polyps are grossly characterized as flat, {{c1::sessile}}, or {{c2::pedunculated (on a stalk)}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Hyperplastic}} colonic polyps are due to hyperplasia of glands
Published	03/07/2024	Hyperplastic colonic polyps classically show a "{{c1::serrated}}" appearance on microscopy
Published	03/07/2024	Adenomatous colonic polyps may progress to adenocarcinoma via the {{c1::adenoma-carcinoma}} sequence
Published	03/07/2024	Which adenoma-carcinoma sequence mutation results in increased risk for polyp formation? {{c1::APC mutation}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Sessile serrated}} colonic polyps have a "saw-tooth" pattern similar to hyperplastic polyps, but extend to the crypts and involve lateral crypt …
Published	03/07/2024	Serrated colonic polyps are benign with {{c1::some}} malignant potential
Published	03/07/2024	Adenomatous polyps with a(n) {{c1::tubular}} histology have {{c2::less}} malignant potential than {{c1::villous}} histology (tubular or villous)
Published	03/07/2024	{{c2::Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)}} is a(n) {{c1::autosomal dominant::inheritance}} disorder characterized by 100s to 1000s of aden…
Published	03/07/2024	Familial adenomatous polyposis is treated with {{c1::prophylactic colectomy}}, or else 100% of patients progress to CRC
Published	03/07/2024	{{c3::Turcot}} syndrome is a combination of {{c1::familial adenomatous polyposis}} with {{c2::malignant CNS tumors (e.g. medulloblastoma, glioma)}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c2::Juvenile polyposis}} syndrome is characterized by numerous {{c1::hamartomatous}} polyps WITHOUT hyperpigmentation
Published	03/07/2024	What demographic is associated with juvenile polyposis syndrome? {{c1::Children < 5 years old::age group- specific}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Juvenile polyposis}} syndrome is characterized by many juvenile polyps in the stomach, colon, and small bowel
Published	03/07/2024	Juvenile polyposis syndrome is associated with increased risk for {{c1::colorectal}} carcinoma
Published	03/07/2024	{{c2::Peutz-Jeghers}} syndrome is characterized by numerous {{c1::harmartomatous}} polyps WITH hyperpigmentation of the lips, mouth, hands, …
Published	03/07/2024	Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is associated with increased risk of {{c1::breast}}, {{c2::GI}}, and gynecologic cancers
Published	03/07/2024	What is the mode of inheritance of Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)? {{c1::Autosomal dominant}}
Published	03/07/2024	Lynch syndrome progresses to {{c1::colorectal}} cancer in ~ 80% of patients
Published	03/07/2024	Lynch syndrome is associated with increased risk for {{c1::colorectal}}, {{c2::endometrial}}, {{c3::ovarian}}, and skin cancers
Published	03/07/2024	Patients with a first-degree relative with colon cancer should be screened via colonoscopy starting at age {{c1::40}} or starting {{c2::10}} years pri…
Published	03/07/2024	Risk factors for colorectal carcinoma include {{c1::adenomatous}} and {{c2::serrated}} polyps
Published	03/07/2024	{{c2::Left}}-sided colorectal carcinoma usually grows as a "{{c1::napkin-ring (infiltrating)}}" lesion
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Left}}-sided colorectal carcinoma usually arises as a result of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence
Published	03/07/2024	{{c2::Right}}-sided colorectal carcinoma usually grows as a(n) {{c1::raised (exophytic)}} mass
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Right}}-sided colorectal carcinoma usually arises as a result of the microsatellite instability pathway
Published	03/07/2024	The T of TNM staging for colorectal carcinoma represents the {{c1::depth of invasion}}
Published	03/07/2024	The N of TNM staging for colorectal carcinoma represents {{c1::regional lymph node involvement}}
Published	03/07/2024	The M of TNM staging for colorectal carcinoma represents {{c1::distant metastasis}}
Published	03/07/2024	What tumor marker is useful for assessing treatment response and recurrence of colorectal carcinoma? {{c1::CEA}}
Published	03/07/2024	Is the CEA tumor marker useful for screening for colorectal carcinoma? {{c1::No}}
Published	03/07/2024	Is the CEA tumor marker useful for monitoring recurrence of colorectal carcinoma? {{c1::Yes}}
Published	03/07/2024	What is the mode of inheritance of juvenile polyposis syndrome? {{c1::Autosomal dominant}}
Published	03/07/2024	What is the mode of inheritance of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome? {{c1::Autosomal dominant}}
Published	03/07/2024	What is the colonoscopy screening recommendation for patients with family history of CRC?{{c1::Begin at age 40 or 10 years before age of first diagnos…
Published	03/07/2024	What age should patients with average risk of colon cancer begin screening?{{c1::50 years}}
Published	03/07/2024	How often should patients with an average risk for colon cancer be screened if using colonoscopy?{{c1::Every 10 years}}
Published	03/07/2024	What imaging test is used to evaluate bright red blood per rectum in patients 40 - 49 years old with no risk factors for CRC? {{c1::sigmoidoscopy or c…
Published	03/07/2024	What characteristics (growth pattern, histology) of colonic adenomatous polyps suggest greater malignant potential?{{c1::Sessile (non-pedunculated) gr…
Published	03/07/2024	What microbe can increase the risk of penile/anal carcinoma?{{c1::High risk HPV}}
Published	03/07/2024	What microbe can increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma?{{c1::H pylori}}
Published	03/07/2024	What is the associated tumor that results from point mutation of the KIT oncogene?{{c1::Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)}}
Published	03/07/2024	Which tumor suppressor gene is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and colorectal cancer?{{c1::APC}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Right-sided}} colon cancers bleed while {{c1::left-sided}} colon cancers obstruct
Published	03/07/2024	A Hamartoma is a disorganized overgrowth of tissues in a(n) {{c1::native}} location
Published	03/07/2024	Mutations in which tumor suppressor gene can lead to FAP associated Colorectal Cancer?{{c1::APC}}
Published	03/07/2024	Acanthosis Nigricans can present as a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with {{c1::gastric cancer}} and other visceral malignancies
Published	03/07/2024	Upper vs. Lower GI Bleeding:Rule out Upper GI bleed with {{c2::EGD}}Rule out Lower GI bleed with {{c1::Colonoscopy}}
Published	03/07/2024	Diagnostic test for inflammatory bowel disease?{{c1::Colonoscopy}}
Published	03/07/2024	What is the colonoscopy screening recommendation for patients with Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)?{{c1::Begin at age 20-25; repeat every 1-2 years}}
Published	03/07/2024	Gardner syndrome is a combination of {{c1::familial adenomatous polyposis}} with {{c2::osteomas}} and fibromatosis. Funduscopy also shows congenital h…
Published	03/07/2024	Adenomatous polyps {{c1::are::are/arenot}} considered neoplastic
Published	03/07/2024	Virchow's node is seen in {{c1::gastric carcinoma::condition}}
Published	03/07/2024	Sister Mary Joseph nodule is seen in {{c1::GI / pelvic cancer (metastasis)::condition}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Right}}-sided colorectal carcinoma = iron deficiency anemia and weight loss{{c1::Left}}-sided colorectal carcinoma = obstructive symptoms (const…
Published	03/07/2024	Submucosal GI mass that is c-KIT (+) = {{c1::gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)::neoplasm}}
Published	03/07/2024	Hyperplastic colonic polyps are the most common and are {{c1::benign::benign or malignant}}
Published	03/07/2024	(+) FOBT → {{c1::colonoscopy::next step}}
Published	03/07/2024	What is seen on histology of Intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma?{{c1::Glandular structures filled with mucin}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Familial adenomatous polyposis::disease}} is a hereditary condition where the whole colon is covered in polyps
Published	03/07/2024	The circled cell is called a {{c1::signet ring}} cell
Published	03/07/2024	If the colon on the left is normal, then the colon on the right is {{c1::adenocarcinoma::condition}}
Published	03/07/2024	The most common cancer affecting the colon is {{c1::adenocarcinoma}}
Published	03/07/2024	The image of the colon below shows {{c1::adenocarcinoma::condition}}
Published	03/07/2024	This sample from the colon is consistent with {{c1::adenocarcinoma::dx}}
Published	03/07/2024	This colonoscopy shows {{c1::diverticulosis}}
Published	03/07/2024	Can non-invasive, stool-based FIT, FOBT, and sDNA tests detect polyps?{{c1::No}}
Published	03/07/2024	Can non-invasive, stool-based FIT, FOBT, and sDNA tests detect colorectal cancer?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Flexible sigmoidoscopy}} is a method of colorectal cancer screening that directly visualizes the colon up to the {{c2::splenic flexure}}
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Colonoscopy}} is a method of colorectal cancer screening that directly visualizes the colon up to the cecum
Published	03/07/2024	Does colonoscopy require sedation?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	03/07/2024	Does flexible sigmoidoscopy require sedation?{{c1::No}}
Published	03/07/2024	Does CT colonography require sedation?{{c1::No}}
Published	03/07/2024	Does CT colonography require bowel prep?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	03/07/2024	sDNA is {{c1::more}} sensitive and {{c1::less}} specific than FIT testing for colorectal cancer
Published	03/07/2024	FIT is {{c1::more}} sensitive and {{c1::more}} specific than FOBT testing for colorectal cancer
Published	03/07/2024	{{c1::Fecal occult blood test (stool guaiac)}} is the non-invasive method of colorectal cancer screening that is the lea…
Published	03/07/2024	The adenoma-carcinoma sequence takes about {{c1::10 years::time}}
Published	03/07/2024	You can stop screening for colorectal cancer when patient has < 10 years life expectancy, which for most people, is age {{c1::75}}
Published	03/07/2024	If FIT/FOBT/sDNA test is positive, next step = {{c1::colonoscopy}}
Published	03/07/2024	Screening for familial adenomatous polyposis can be performed with {{c1::flexible sigmoidoscopy}} starting at age 12
Published	03/07/2024	The image on the left shows {{c1::tubular}} adenoma and the image on the right shows {{c1::villous}} adenoma
Published	03/07/2024	Although incidence of colon cancer in general is {{c1::decreasing}}, incidence in adults 25-44 is {{c1::increasing}}
Published	03/07/2024	Familial adenomatous polyposis follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with {{c2::100%}} penetrance
Status	Last Update	Fields