Notes in 13AntimycobacterialDrugs

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Toxicity1. First-line agents2. Second-line agentsA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	The initial intensive phase of TB treatment uses {{c1::4}} drugs and takes {{c1::2}} monthsThe continuation phase of TB treatment uses {{c1::2}} drugs…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Prevalence of toxicity1. Isoniazid2. RifampinA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Prevalence of toxicity1. Isoniazid + Rifampin2. Rifampin aloneA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Prevalence of toxicity1. Isoniazid + Rifampin2. Isoniazid aloneA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Isoniazid activity1. Extracellular organism2. Intracellular organismA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Isoniazid activity1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis2. Nontuberculous mycobacteriaA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Isoniazid MOA: {{c1::Inhibits of mycolic acid synthesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Isoniazid::TB drug}} produg is activated by {{c1::KatG (mycobacterial catalaseperoxidase)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Isoniazid resistance is mainly due to mutations resulting in overexpression of {{c1::inhA}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Isoniazid1. CYP450 inducer2. CYP450 inhibitorA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Fatty meal2. Izoniazid absoprtionA. Increase in 1 leads to an increase in 2B. Increase in 1 leads to a decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 does not a…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Isoniazid metabolism1. Asians2. CaucasiansA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Isoniazid liver metabolism is mainly by {{c1::acetylation}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. {{c2::Isoniazid::TB drug}}2. Pyridoxine (in the body)A. Increase in 1 leads to an increase in 2B. Increase in 1 leads to a decrease in 2C. Incr…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Peripheral neuropathy1. Isoniazid2. RifampinA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Peripheral neuropathy from INH1. Fast acetylators2. Slow acetylatorsA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Hepatitis1. Isoniazid2. RifampinA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Is isoniazid is contraindicated in pregnant women?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rifampin is a derivative of {{c1::rifamycin}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Resistance to Rifampin2. Resistance to RifabutinA. Increase in 1 leads to an increase in 2B. Increase in 1 leads to a decrease in 2C. Increase …
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Rifampin1. CYP450 inducer2. CYP450 inhibitorA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most TB drugs have immunologic side effects, but {{c1::ethambutol::TB drug}} hypersensitivity is rare
Published	07/30/2024	TB drug/s with no indication to be used alone: {{c1::Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rifampin::TB drug}} is given with dapsone in treating {{c2::leprosy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rifampin indications for solo treatment:1. {{c1::Latent TB in INH-intolerant patients}}2. {{c1::Close contacts of patients with INH-resistant strains}…
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from treating TB, Rifampin is also indicated in...1. {{c1::Meningococcal carriers}}2. {{c1::Staphylococcal carriers}}3. {{c1::Prophylaxis when i…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Prophylaxis in contacts of children with H. influenzae type B disease1. Rifampin2. EthambutolA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rifampin::TB drug}} gives an orange color to body fluids (and hepatoxicity especially if alcoholic)
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Rifampin activity1. Extracellular organism2. Intracellular organismA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rifampin MOA: {{c1::Inhibits RNA synthesis::MoA}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rifampin resistance is due to point mutations in {{c1::rpoB}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ethambutol is {{c1::Water}}-soluble
Published	07/30/2024	Ethambutol MOA: {{c1::Inhibits mycobacterial arabinosyl transferase}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ethambutol resistance is due to mutations resulting in overexpression of {{c1::emb}} gene products or within the {{c1::embB}} structural gene.
Published	07/30/2024	Can ethambutol cross into the CNS?{{c1::Only when there is meningeal inflammation::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Ethambutol excretion1. Feces2. UrineA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Ethambutol dose1. Pulmonary TB2. TB meningitisA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ethambutol is used in combination w/ other drugs for the treatment of {{c1::Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) or M. kansasii}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ethambutols ADRs: {{c1::Retrobulbar neuritis (Loss of visual acuity (blind) and red- green color blindness)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ethambutol is contraindicated in {{c1::children::demographic}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Pyrazinamide::TB drug}} needs an {{c1::acidic}} pH to exert effects
Published	07/30/2024	Pyrazinamde has {{c1::minimal::minimal/major}} cross-tolerance with other antimycobacterial drugs
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pyrazinamide}} is a bacteriostatic TB prodrug
Published	07/30/2024	Pyrazinamide resistance is mainly due to {{c1::impaired uptake}} or mutations in {{c1::pncA}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pyrazinamide is a produg that is converted to {{c1::pyrazinoic acid (PZA)}} by {{c2::mycobacterial pyrazinamidase (pncA)}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Pyrazinamide excretion1. Biliary2. RenalA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Dose adjustment in renally impaired patients1. Isoniazid2. PyrazinamideA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pyrazinamide::TB drug}} is the "Sterilizing" agent for residual intracellular organisms
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pyrazinamide::TB drug}} shortens the continuation phase to 6 months
Published	07/30/2024	Pyrazinamide ADRs: {{c1::Asymptomatic hyperuricemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mycobacterial resistance against pyrazinamide is mediated by mutations in {{c1::pncA}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptomycin is usually administered {{c1::IM}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Streptomycin activity1. Against intracellular tubercle bacilli2. Against extracellular tubercle bacilliA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptomycin indication: {{c1::Life-threatening TB disease in combination with other drugs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Streptomycin ADRs: {{c1::Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ethionamide::2nd-line anti-TB}} is chemically related to {{c2::isoniazid::1st-line anti-TB}} and therefore also {{c2::blocks the synthesis of my…
Published	07/30/2024	Ethionamide ADRs: {{c1::Severe GI irritation, hepatotoxic and adverse neurologic effects}}
Published	07/30/2024	Capreomycin MOA: {{c1::Peptide protein synthesis inhibitor}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cycloserine MOA: {{c1::Cell wall synthesis inhibitor}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Peripheral neuropathy1. Isoniazid2. CycloserineA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	P-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) MOA: {{c1::Folate synthesis inhibitor}}
Published	07/30/2024	Can P-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) enter the CNS?{{c1::N. Goes into all fluids except the CSF}}
Published	07/30/2024	PAS ADRs: {{c1::peptic ulceration}}
Published	07/30/2024	Amikacin is a derivative of {{c1::Kanamycin}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Efficacy in TB1. Amikacin2. KanamycinA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Resistance with kanamycin2. Resistance with amikacinA. Increase in 1 leads to an increase in 2B. Increase in 1 leads to a decrease in 2C. Incre…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1. Resistance with streptomycin2. Resistance with amikacinA. Increase in 1 leads to an increase in 2B. Increase in 1 leads to a decrease in 2C. In…
Published	07/30/2024	The fluoroquinolone with the most M. tuberculosis activity in vitro and stability against cross resistance is {{c1::Moxifloxacin}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] M. tuberculosis activity1. Ciprofloxacin2. LevofloxacinA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Atypical mycobacterial activity1. Ciprofloxacin2. LevofloxacinA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Linezolid}} is more or less a 3rd-line drug because it is only used for MDR strains that are resistant to 1st- & 2nd-line agents.
Published	07/30/2024	Linezolid ADRs: {{c1::Bone marrow suppression and irreversible peripheral and optic neuropathy}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Linezolid::TB drug}} is avoided in patients with concomitant serotonergic agents to avoid serotonin syndrome
Published	07/30/2024	Rifabutin is derived from {{c1::rifamycin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rifapentine is an analog of {{c1::rifampin}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] CYP450 induction1. Rifampin2. Rifabutin3. Rifapentine{{c1::1 > 3 and 2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rifabutin is indicated in patients with {{c1::TB and HIV}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rifapentine::TB drug}} is used only for treating rifampin-susceptible strains in the continuation phase. However, it has decreased efficacy comp…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Treatment of TB for patients with HIV infection1. Rifapentine2. RifabutinA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Bedaquiline activity1. Replicating bacilli2. Nonreplicating bacilliA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bedaquiline MOA: {{c1::Inhibits ATP synthase in mycobacteria}}
Published	07/30/2024	Resistance against Bedaquiline is mediated by {{c1::upregulation of MmpL5 efflux pump on the mycobacteria}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bedaquiline: {{c1::24::#}} weeks of treatment in adults if the isolate is resistant to both {{c2::isoniazid}} and {{c2::rifampin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug of choice for leprosy: {{c1::Dapsone (and clofazimine)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dapsone MOA: {{c1::Inhibition of folic acid synthesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dapsone ADRs: {{c1::Hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency, Methemoglobinemia, Erythema nodosum leprosum}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Clofazimine excretion1. Feces2. UrineA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clofazimine ADRs: {{c1::Discoloration of skin & conjuctiva}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Macrolides, sulfonamides, & tetracyclines1. Activity against M. tuberculosis2. Acitivity against Nontuberculous mycobacteriaA. 1 > 2B. 1 &…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Drugs for disseminated disease (NTM - M. avium complex)1. Clarithromycin2. AzithromycinA. 1 > 2B. 1 < 2C. 1 = 2{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	M. avium kansasii is...Susceptible to {{c1::rifampicin and ethambutol}}Partially susceptible to {{c1::isoniazid}}Completely resistant to {{c1::pyrazin…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rifabutin and ethambutol::2}} are added to clarithromycin or azithromycin when treating disseminated MAC
Published	07/30/2024	Types of tuberculosis cases {{c1::NEW}}New treatment or {{c2::<1}} monthtreatment{{c3::RELAPSE}}Not cured, smear (+) again{{c4::TRA…
Published	07/30/2024	Rifampin excreted through {{c2::the biliary tract}}
Published	07/30/2024	Resistance against streptomycin may occur in two ways:Point mutation in either the...{{c1::rpsL}} gene encoding the {{c1::S12 ribosomal protein}}{{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	Ethionamide is {{c1::poorly::highly/poorly}} water soluble
Published	07/30/2024	Resistance against Capreomycin is associated with mutations on {{c1::rrs, eis, or tylA::3}} genes
Published	07/30/2024	Capreomycin ADRs: {{c1::Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, IM pain and sterile abscesses}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Rifabutin}} is a TB drug that is both a substrate and inducer of CYP450
Published	07/30/2024	Rifepentine MOA: {{c1::RNA polymerase inhibitor}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bedaquiline has cross-resistance with {{c1::clofazimine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Plasma concentration of Bedaquiline increases twofold when it is administered with {{c1::high-fat food}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bedaquiline is excreted through {{c1::feces}}
Published	07/30/2024	Bedaquiline MDRs: {{c1::Cardiac and hepatic toxicity, nausea, arthralgia, and headache}}
Published	07/30/2024	Dapsone is excreted through {{c1::the biliary tract and through the kidneys}}
Published	07/30/2024	The 2 most active TB drugs are {{c1::isoniazid}} and {{c1::rifampin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Isoniazid indications for solo treatment:1. {{c1::Latent infection / Prophylaxis}}2. {{c1::Skin test converters}}3. {{c1::Close contacts}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clofazimine is stored widely in {{c1::reticuloendothelial system and skin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pyrazinamide/PZA MOA: {{c2::Disrupts mycobacterial cell membrane metabolism and transport functions}}
Status	Last Update	Fields