Notes in Chapter_01:_Cell_Biology

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Published	07/07/2024	Cholesterol in cell membranes {{c1::increases}} membrane fluidity(increases or decreases)
Published	07/07/2024	The interior of cells is more {{c1::nega}}-tively charged than the exterior
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of sodium is higher in {{c1::extra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of potassium is higher in {{c1::intra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of calcium is higher in {{c1::extra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of magnesium is higher in {{c1::intra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of chloride is higher in {{c1::extra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of bicarbonate is higher in {{c1::extra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of sulfate is higher in {{c1::extra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of phosphate is higher in {{c1::intra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of protein is higher in {{c1::intra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	The concentration of organic anions is higher in {{c1::extra}}-cellular fluid
Published	07/07/2024	Adhesion molecules that act as cell-cell anchors are called {{c1::desmosomes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Adhesion molecules that act as cell-extracellular matrix anchors are called {{c1::hemidesmosomes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Impermeable cellular barriers are formed by {{c1::tight}} junctions
Published	07/07/2024	Communicable cellular barriers are formed by {{c1::gap}} junctions
Published	07/07/2024	Intramembrane proteins that tranduce signal from the receptor to the response enzyme are called {{c1::G}} proteins
Published	07/07/2024	A membrane receptor and response enzyme that are a single transmembrane protein are called {{c1::ligand-triggered protein kinase}}
Published	07/07/2024	ABO blood-type antigens are glyco-{{c1::lipids}} on cell membranes
Published	07/07/2024	HLA-type antigens are glyco-{{c1::proteins}} on cell membranes
Published	07/07/2024	The part of the cell cycle that determines its length is {{c1::G1}}
Published	07/07/2024	Growth factors affect cells during the {{c1::G1}} stage of the cell cycle
Published	07/07/2024	The four stages of mitosis are {{c2::prophase}}, {{c2::metaphase}}, {{c1::anaphase}}, and {{c1::telophase}}
Published	07/07/2024	Ribosomes are created in the {{c1::nucleolus::organelle}} of cells
Published	07/07/2024	Steroid hormones bind receptors in the {{c1::cytoplasm}}(cytoplasm or nucleus)
Published	07/07/2024	Thyroid hormones bind receptors in the {{c1::nucleus}}(cytoplasm or nucleus)
Published	07/07/2024	Guanine and adenine are {{c1::purines}}(purines or pyrimidines)
Published	07/07/2024	Cytosine, thymidine, and uracil are {{c1::pyrimidines}}(purines or pyrimidines)
Published	07/07/2024	Glycolysis produces 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of {{c1::pyruvate}}
Published	07/07/2024	The Krebs cycle produces the electron carriers {{c1::NADH}} and {{c1::FADH2}}
Published	07/07/2024	The process of converting lactic acid and amino acids back to glucose is known as {{c1::gluconeogenesis}}
Published	07/07/2024	Can fats and lipids be formed into glucose via gluconeogenesis?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	The process in which the liver converts muscle lactate into glucose is called the {{c1::Cori cycle}}
Published	07/07/2024	Do white blood cells contain nuclear material?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/07/2024	Do red blood cells contain nuclear material?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	Do platelets contain nuclear material?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/07/2024	The synthesis of proteins that are exported out of the cell occurs in the {{c1::rough}} endoplasmic reticulum
Published	07/07/2024	Lipid and steroid synthesis as well as drug detoxification occur in the {{c1::smooth}} endoplasmic reticulum
Published	07/07/2024	Pancreatic acinar cells have a high concentration of {{c1::rough}} endoplasmic reticulum
Published	07/07/2024	Liver and adrenal cortex cells have a high concentration of {{c1::smooth}} endoplasmic reticulum
Published	07/07/2024	Protein modification with carbohydrates typically occurs in the {{c1::Golgi apparatus}}
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Lyso}}-somes have digestive enzymes that degrade engulfed particles and worn-out organelles
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Phago}}-somes engulf large particles, then fuse with lysosomes
Published	07/07/2024	{{c1::Endo}}-somes engulf small particles, then fuse with lysosomes
Published	07/07/2024	Cleavage of PIP2 into the products DAG and IP3 is accomplished by {{c1::phospholipase C}}
Published	07/07/2024	IP3 causes the release of {{c1::calcium}} from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Published	07/07/2024	Calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) activate protein kinase {{c1::C}}
Published	07/07/2024	cAMP activates protein kinase {{c1::A}}
Published	07/07/2024	MAPK/ERK is a {{c1::very}} complex pathway
Published	07/07/2024	The thick filament in muscle is {{c1::myosin}}
Published	07/07/2024	The thin filament in muscle is {{c1::actin}}
Published	07/07/2024	Keratin, desmin, and vimentin are examples of {{c1::intermediate}} filaments
Published	07/07/2024	Cilia, neuronal axons, and mitotic spindles are all formed by {{c1::microtubules}}
Published	07/07/2024	A specialized microtubule involved in cell division is a(n) {{c1::centriole}}
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