Notes in 3. embryology, growth, and development

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Published	12/08/2023	ovaries are {{c1::bilateral}}
Published	12/08/2023	what are gonads?
Published	12/08/2023	when is the germinal period?
Published	12/08/2023	what happens during the germinal period?
Published	12/08/2023	when is the embryonic period?
Published	12/08/2023	what happens during the embryonic period?
Published	12/08/2023	when is the fetal period?
Published	12/08/2023	what happens during the fetal period?
Published	12/08/2023	the clinical age of an unborn child is {{c1::14}} days more than the post-ovulatory age
Published	12/08/2023	when does the clincal age start counting the age of an unborn child?
Published	12/08/2023	when does the post-ovulatory age start counting the age of an unborn child?
Published	12/08/2023	the secondary oocyte is a {{c1::haploid}} cell
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Published	12/08/2023	1. many sperm cells {{c1::penetrate}} the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte
Published	12/08/2023	what is the significance of the zona pellucida?
Published	12/08/2023	2. {{c1::acrosome}} of sperm binds to receptor causing a(n) {{c1::acrosomal reaction}}; the {{c2::acrosomal reaction}} leads to the digestion of the {…
Published	12/08/2023	3. one sperm binds to {{c1::integrin α6β1}} (on oocyte plasma membrane) and causes {{c2::depolarization}}; this sperm {{c3::enters}} to oocyte
Published	12/08/2023	what is fast block to polyspermy?
Published	12/08/2023	what is slow block to polyspermy?
Published	12/08/2023	4. female nucleus undergoes {{c1::second meiotic division}} (forms {{c2::ovum}} and {{c2::second polar body}})
Published	12/08/2023	5. female {{c1::pronucleus}} and male {{c1::pronucleus}} form
Published	12/08/2023	6. {{c1::fusion}} of haploid pronuclei produces {{c1::single nucleus}} - {{c2::zygote (diploid)}}
Published	12/08/2023	what is the group of 12 or more cells called after fertilization?
Published	12/08/2023	implantation in the endometrium of the uterus usually occurs {{c1::7}} days after fertilization
Published	12/08/2023	what is the fluid-filled cavity that the morula forms?
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Published	12/08/2023	what is the inner cell mass?
Published	12/08/2023	what is the blastocele?
Published	12/08/2023	what is the trophoblast?
Published	12/08/2023	as the zygote divides into more cells, it moves further into the {{c1::uterine cavity}}
Published	12/08/2023	what is implantation?
Published	12/08/2023	what is the placenta?
Published	12/08/2023	what is the syncytiotrophoblast?
Published	12/08/2023	what is the cytotrophoblast?
Published	12/08/2023	the syncytiotrophoblast releases the hormone {{c1::human-chorionic-gonadotropic}} into the maternal blood supply that can be detected in their urine i…
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Published	12/08/2023	what could you expect to see 8-12 days after fertilization?
Published	12/08/2023	what could you expect to see 14-20 days after fertilization?
Published	12/08/2023	what can you expect to happen around a month after fertilization?
Published	12/08/2023	cytotrophoblast provides a {{c1::protective barrier}} between maternal and embryonic blood
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Published	12/08/2023	the umbilical {{c3::vein}} carries {{c1::oxygenated blood}} {{c2::towards}} the heart
Published	12/08/2023	the umbilical {{c3::arteries}} carries {{c1::deoxygenated blood}} {{c2::away from}} the heart
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Published	12/08/2023	what is the amniotic cavity?
Published	12/08/2023	what is the embryonic disk?
Published	12/08/2023	what is the epiblast?
Published	12/08/2023	what is the hypoblast?
Published	12/08/2023	amniotic cavity eventually surrounds the {{c1::developing embryo}} providing a {{c2::protective fluid bag}}
Published	12/08/2023	what is the yolk sac?
Published	12/08/2023	when does gastrulation occur?
Published	12/08/2023	what happens during gastrulation?
Published	12/08/2023	explain steps of gastrulation using the diagram
Published	12/08/2023	the endoderm is the {{c1::inner}} layer and forms the {{c1::lining of the digestive tract and derivatives}}
Published	12/08/2023	the mesoderm is the {{c1::middle}} layer and forms {{c1::tissues}} such as the muscle, bone, blood vessels
Published	12/08/2023	the ectoderm is the {{c1::outer}} layer and forms the {{c2::skin and nervous system}}
Published	12/08/2023	the {{c1::notochord}} starts to form at around day {{c2::16}}
Published	12/08/2023	the notochord forms from {{c1::mesodermal cells}}
Published	12/08/2023	what is the notochord?
Published	12/08/2023	what is induction?
Published	12/08/2023	{{c2::induction}} is when the notochord signals the {{c1::ectoderm}} to form the {{c1::neural plate}}
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Published	12/08/2023	what is the neural plate?
Published	12/08/2023	the {{c2::oropharygngeal membrane}} will become the {{c1::mouth}} of the fetus
Published	12/08/2023	the {{c1::cloacal membrane}} will become the {{c2::anus}} of the fetus
Published	12/08/2023	the {{c2::cloacal membrane}} forms closer to the {{c1::caudal}} end of the embryonic disk
Published	12/08/2023	the {{c2::oropharyngeal membrane}} forms on the {{c1::cephalic}} end of the embryonic disk
Published	12/08/2023	the {{c2::neural plate}} forms around day {{c1::18}}
Published	12/08/2023	the {{c2::neural tube}} forms the {{c1::brain}} and {{c1::spinal cord}}
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Published	12/08/2023	the neural tube starts to form in the {{c1::midline}} and progresses to the {{c2::cephalic}} and {{c2::caudal}} ends
Published	12/08/2023	the {{c1::neural crest cells}} will form the {{c2::sensory nerves}} and {{c2::post ganglionic autonomic portions of PNS (peripheral nervous system)}} …
Published	12/08/2023	formation of the {{c1::neural tube}} occurs during around days {{c2::18-26}}
Published	12/08/2023	{{c1::somites}} are formed from the {{c2::mesoderm adjacent to the neural tube}}
Published	12/08/2023	{{c1::somites}} eventually become {{c2::vertebral column}}, {{c2::ribs}}, {{c2::some skeletal muscle}}
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Published	12/08/2023	what are the three structures that contribute to extraembryonic tissues?
Published	12/08/2023	the primitive streak forms on the {{c1::caudal}} end of the embryonic disk
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