Notes in Loss of Vision

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Papilledema}} is swelling of the {{c2::optic}} nerve from orbital {{c2::congestion}} or transmission of elevated {{c3::intracranial}} pressure
Published	09/09/2024	Papilledema has loss of vision lasting {{c1::seconds}} and {{c2::pulsatile tinnitus}}
Published	09/09/2024	In {{c1::swollen}} optic nerve, check blood pressure in clinic for {{c2::hypertensive emergency}}
Published	09/15/2024	Swollen optic nerve requires a {{c2::MRI/MRV}} of the brain to rule out {{c2::bleeding}}/mass/venous sinus {{c2::thrombosis}}
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Amaurosis fugax}} is a(n) {{c2::transient ischemic attack (TIA)}} of retina resulting in transient total {{c3::mon}}-ocular blindness, last…
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Ocular Migraine}} {{c2::is NOT::is or is NOT}} true visual loss; rather "{{c3::scintillating scotoma}}" lasting minutes, sometimes hours
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Refractive errors}} are a group of vision problems that makes it hard to see clearly.
Published	09/15/2024	Use {{c2::pinhole}} testing to check for refractive error.Vision is tested {{c2::without::with or without}} correctionVision is then tested {{c2::with…
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Presbyopia}} is an inability of lens to focus for {{c1::near}} vision
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Granular corneal dystrophy}} is a(n) {{c2::autosomal dominant::inheritance pattern}}, {{c3::bi}}-lateral, and {{c4::noninflammatory::inflammator…
Published	09/09/2024	Granular corneal dystrophy results in deposition of {{c1::irregularly}} shaped opacities in cornea and it is treated with either {{c2::laser}} or {{c3…
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Cataracts}} are {{c2::opacified}} lens which slowly progresses visual loss or blurring over months to years
Published	09/09/2024	Risk factors for cataracts are {{c1::trauma}}, {{c2::diabetes}}, and {{c3::steroid use}}
Published	09/09/2024	Only treatment for cataract is surgical extraction with {{c1::intraocular lens}} placement.It could cause "{{c2::secondary}} cataract" which is opacif…
Published	09/15/2024	3 types of cataract: {{c2::Cortical}} cataract, {{c2::nuclear}} cataract, {{c2::posterior capsular}} cataract
Published	09/15/2024	{{c3::Cortical}} Cataract: {{c3::Peripheral}} opacities; glare and {{c3::halo}} symptoms; {{c3::slow}} progression.
Published	09/15/2024	{{c3::Nuclear}} Cataract: {{c3::Central}} lens cloudiness; affects {{c3::distance}} vision; {{c3::slow}} progression.
Published	09/15/2024	{{c2::Posterior capsular}} Cataract: {{c2::Central}}, {{c2::back}} lens opacities; affects {{c2::near}} vision and causes glare; {{c2::rapid…
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Glaucoma}} is a progressive {{c2::optic nerve}} damage with a characterisitc pattern of {{c3::visual field}} loss
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Intraocular pressure}} and {{c2::smoking}} cessation are the only known treatable factors for glaucoma
Published	09/09/2024	Mechanism by which IOP damages the optic nerve {{c1::is NOT::is or is NOT}} understood
Published	09/15/2024	Major types of glaucoma:- Primary {{c3::open}} angle (most common)- {{c3::Acute}} (painful) and chronic ({{c3::painless}}) angle {{c3::closure}}
Published	09/09/2024	Treatments for glaucoma are {{c2::decrease}} aqueous production (b-blockers, CA inhibitor, & a2 agonists), {{c3::increase}} aqueous outflow, and s…
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Trabeculectomy}} is a glaucoma surgery to create a new channel for fluid to drain out
Published	09/11/2024	2 major types of macular degeneration:- {{c1::Nonexudative (dry)}}: use {{c2::AREDS2 vitamins}} to prevent progression- {{c3::Exudative (wet)}} due to…
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Amsler grid}} is used to test for macular degeneration
Published	09/09/2024	Treatment for macular degeneration is to refer to {{c1::ophthalmology}} for closer monitoring of vision and retinal structures and consideration of {{…
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Diabetic retinopathy}} affects individuals with diabetes at some point in their life due to {{c2::microangiopathy}}, indicative of systemic vasc…
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Nonproliferative}} diabetic retinopathy: intraretinal hemorrhage, {{c1::hard}} exudates, venous beading
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Optic neuropathy}} causes {{c2::gradual}} loss of vision, loss of color vision, {{c3::decreased}} visual field
Published	09/15/2024	Acute angle {{c2::closure}} glaucoma precipitated by pupillary {{c2::dilation}}
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Emergent referral}} for acute angle closure glaucoma and {{c2::laser iridotomy}} to establish alternative flow
Published	09/15/2024	Corneal {{c1::ulcer}} is caused by {{c1::contact lens wear}} or {{c1::trauma}} and requires same day ophthalmology {{c1::referral}}&nbs…
Published	09/15/2024	{{c2::Uveitis}} has BUPA symptomsB - {{c2::blurry vision}}U - {{c2::unilateral}}P - {{c2::photophobia}}A - {{c2::Aching pain}}
Published	09/15/2024	Optic neuritis is typically {{c1::unilateral}} in {{c1::MS}}, blurry vision, {{c1::pain}} with {{c1::eye movement}}, poor color vision
Published	09/09/2024	is this slide {{c1::high}} yield?
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Vitreous hemorrhage}} is a {{c2::sudden painless monocular}} loss of vision with black spots, cobwebs, haze
Published	09/09/2024	3 types of retinal detachment:1. {{c1::Rhegmatogenous}}: starts with {{c2::peripheral}} tear, liquid vitreous, then enters subretinal space and dissec…
Published	09/09/2024	Key symptoms of retinal detachment are {{c1::floaters}}, {{c2::flashes}} of light, {{c3::metamorphopsia}}, and visual field loss
Published	09/09/2024	Retinal artery occlusion is from {{c1::distant carotid}} or {{c2::cardiac embolus}}
Published	09/15/2024	Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO): sudden, {{c3::painless}}, {{c3::unilateral}}, near complete loss of vision.{{c3::Branch}} retinal artery occl…
Published	09/09/2024	Signs of retinal artery occlusion are relative {{c1::afferent pupillary defect}} (APD) and emobolus or {{c2::cherry red spot}}
Published	09/15/2024	Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO): "{{c2::blood and thunder}}" appearance with dilated, tortuous venules and diffuse intraretinal hemorrhages.Br…
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis, Horton disease)}} causes sudden, monocular, {{c1::painless}} vision loss and often pres…
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Nasolacrimal duct obstruction}} causes eye discharge and conjuctival irritation from failure of the {{c2::valve of Hasner}} to open{{c3::Lacrima…
Published	09/12/2024	Leukocoria has an {{c1::irregular and absent}} red reflex so always {{c1::REFER}}!!some common etiologies are {{c1::cataract}}, {{c1::retinoblastoma}}…
Published	09/15/2024	Congential glaucoma is caused by anterior segment {{c1::dysgenesis}}classic triad:{{c1::epiphora}}{{c1::photophobia}}{{c1::blepharospasm}}Buphthalmos …
Published	09/15/2024	Strabismus{{c2::Eso}}tropia: - inward deviation{{c2::Exo}}tropia: - outward deviation
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Proliferative}} diabetic retinopathy: {{c1::neovascularization}} leading to vitreous hemorrhage, worsening macular {{c1::edema}}, tractional ret…
Published	09/09/2024	{{c1::Macular edema}}: loss of vision from {{c2::central retinal}} swelling
Published	09/15/2024	Papilledema Definition: {{c1::Bilateral}} optic disc {{c1::edema}} from elevated intra{{c1::cranial}} pressure
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Marfan}} Syndrome - At risk for {{c1::ectopic lentis}}, usually upward and temporally{{c1::Osteogenesis Imperfecta}} - Major ocular sign is…
Published	09/15/2024	Hypertensive Retinopathy Mild: {{c1::Arteriolar}} narrowing, AV {{c1::nicking}}, "copper/silver wire" appearenceModerate: {{c1::Exudation}}, micr…
Published	09/15/2024	Suspected Retinal {{c1::Artery}} Occlusion {{c1::Stroke}} equivalent: {{c1::Immediate}} ophthalmology referral to confirm
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Herpetic}} Eye DiseaseOphthalmology referral within {{c1::24 hours}} to assess complications like high pressure, uveitis, retinitis.
Published	09/15/2024	Posterior {{c1::Synechiae}}
Published	09/15/2024	{{c1::Graves}} Disease Treatment - Surgery must be done in correct order: orbital {{c1::decompression}}, {{c1::strabismus}} correction, {{c1::lid}} re…
Published	09/15/2024	Diabetic Retinopathy - Standard of care: at least {{c1::annual}} diabetic eye examTreatment of PDR and DME - Maximize {{c1::blood glucose}} …
Status	Last Update	Fields