Notes in FOM_B3

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/25/2024	What dictates lumen diameter of the bronchioles?a. Smooth muscleb. Elastic fibersc. Goblet cellsd. Alveolar macrophages
Published	11/25/2024	Respiratory bronchioles contain this epithelium:a. Simple cuboidalb. Stratified squamousc. Ciliated columnard. Pseudostratified columnar
Published	11/25/2024	Histologically distinct due to it being alveoli openings, forming spherical-like spaces:a. Alveolar sacb. Bronchusc. Terminal bronchioled. Alveolar du…
Published	11/25/2024	Hollow tubes that lead into the alveoli:a. Alveolar ductb. Tracheac. Primary bronchioled. Bronchi
Published	11/25/2024	Which of the following contains microvilli?a. Club cellb. Type I alveolar cellc. Goblet celld. Basal cell
Published	11/25/2024	The presence of this structure differentiates the bronchi from the bronchioles:a. Cartilageb. Smooth musclec. Ciliad. Elastic fibers
Published	11/25/2024	What comprises more than 80% of the phospholipid portion of surfactants?a. Lecithinb. Sphingomyelinc. Cholesterold. Phosphatidylglycerol
Published	11/25/2024	Lecithin comprises a phosphatidylcholine head and 2 molecules of...a. Palmitic acidb. Stearic acidc. Oleic acidd. Myristic acid
Published	11/25/2024	What is the rate-limiting enzyme for phosphatidylcholine synthesis?a. CTP: Phosphatidylcholine cytidyl transferaseb. Phospholipase A2c. Choline kinase…
Published	11/25/2024	Which enzyme regulator activates fibroblast pneumocyte factor?a. Glucocorticoidb. Thyroid hormonec. Insulind. Growth factor
Published	11/25/2024	These organelles store surfactant:a. Lamellar bodiesb. Lysosomesc. Secretory vesiclesd. Endosomes
Published	11/25/2024	Phosphatidylcholine tails, when bound to the alveolar fluid, face the:a. Lumenb. Basement membranec. Interstitiumd. Cytoplasm
Published	11/25/2024	Which type of surfactant protein reduces surface tension?a. Hydrophobic proteinsb. Glycoproteinsc. Albumind. Globulin
Published	11/25/2024	Which type of surfactant protein enhances alveolar phagocytosis?a. Hydrophilic proteinsb. Collagenc. Elastind. Myosin
Published	11/25/2024	What property of water is disrupted by surfactants?a. Cohesive propertyb. Viscosityc. Adhesive propertyd. Solubility
Published	11/25/2024	In gestation, the first phospholipid component of surfactants to be produced is:a. Sphingomyelinb. Phosphatidylserinec. Lecithind. Phosphatidylinosito…
Published	11/25/2024	In gestation, the second phospholipid component of surfactants to be produced is:a. Lecithinb. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)c. Phosphatidylgly…
Published	11/25/2024	The most common cause of pulmonary edema is:a. Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressureb. Decrease in plasma oncotic pressurec. Alveolar epithelial …
Published	11/25/2024	Average total compliance of both lungs together:a. 200 mL/cm H2Ob. 500 mL/cm H2Oc. 150 mL/cm H2Od. 250 mL/cm H2O
Published	11/25/2024	Lung elastance is mostly affected by:a. Surface tensionb. Collagen fibersc. Pleural pressured. Airway resistance
Published	11/25/2024	Compliance is highest at:a. FRC and TVb. Residual volumec. Total lung capacityd. Peak inspiratory pressure
Published	11/25/2024	If the patient has ARDS, what would you expect his/her x-ray to look like?a. Diffused bilateral ground-glass appearanceb. Unilateral pleural effusionc…
Published	11/25/2024	You’re providing care to a patient who is being treated for aspiration pneumonia. The patient is on a 100% non-rebreather mask. Which finding below is…
Published	11/25/2024	During the exudative phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the patient’s lung cells that produce surfactant have become damaged. This w…
Published	11/25/2024	You’re providing care to a patient who was just transferred to your unit for the treatment of ARDS. The patient is in the exudative phase. The patient…
Published	11/25/2024	A patient is experiencing respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema. The physician suspects ARDS but wants to rule out a cardiac cause. A pulmonary a…
Published	11/25/2024	A patient is presenting with mild symptoms of pneumonia. The doctor diagnoses the patient with “walking pneumonia.” From your nursing knowledge, you k…
Published	11/25/2024	A patient was admitted to the intensive care unit 48 hours ago for treatment of a gunshot wound. The patient has recently developed a productive cough…
Published	11/25/2024	You’re caring for a patient with pneumonia. The patient has just started treatment for pneumonia and is still experiencing hypoxemia. You know that re…
Published	11/25/2024	You’re educating a patient with pneumonia on how to deep breathe using an incentive spirometer. Which of the following is the correct way to use this …
Published	11/25/2024	Imaging modality in pleural effusion where its purpose is to locate the most dependent area where fluid has gravitated.A. X-rayB. CT scanC. Ultrasound…
Published	11/25/2024	Imaging modality in pleural effusion where its purpose is to quantify the amount of fluid/air.A. UltrasoundB. X-rayC. CT scanD. MRI
Published	11/25/2024	When the diaphragm is contracted, it increases thoracic wall volume…A. LongitudinallyB. HorizontallyC. AnteroposteriorlyD. Obliquely
Published	11/25/2024	Typical ribs usually range from ribs:A. 1-6B. 2-7C. 3-8D. 9-12
Published	11/25/2024	Ribs that are attached directly to the sternum by their costal cartilage are known as:A. True ribsB. False ribsC. Floating ribsD. Costal ribs
Published	11/25/2024	Ribs that have no sternal nor costal attachments are called:A. Floating ribsB. False ribsC. Atypical ribsD. Costal ribs
Published	11/25/2024	What is the origin of external intercostal muscles?A. Superior borders of the rib belowB. Inferior borders of the rib aboveC. Costal groove of the rib…
Published	11/25/2024	Innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is provided by:A. Phrenic nerveB. Spinal accessory nerveC. Vagus nerveD. Hypoglossal nerve
Published	11/25/2024	Pleura are made up of these cells:A. Squamous epithelial cellsB. Mesothelial cellsC. Cuboidal cellsD. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar epithelial ce…
Published	11/25/2024	All of these are parts of the parietal pleura except:A. Thoracic pleuraB. Cervical pleuraC. Costal pleuraD. Diaphragmatic pleura
Published	11/25/2024	Component of pleural fluid that gives it its mucoid texture:A. Tissue proteinsB. LipidsC. WaterD. Enzymes
Published	11/25/2024	Parietal pleural fluid is mainly regulated by these structures:A. Pulmonary capillaries and lymphatic vesselsB. Systemic circulation and lymphatic ves…
Published	11/25/2024	Transudative pleural fluid is mainly caused by this pathology:A. Congestive heart failureB. Lung cancerC. PneumoniaD. Tuberculosis
Published	11/25/2024	All of these are types of pneumothorax except:A. Spontaneous pneumothoraxB. Traumatic pneumothoraxC. Tension pneumothoraxD. Pressure pneumothorax
Published	11/25/2024	Tension pneumothorax is usually marked by this paired set of symptoms:A. Hypotension and tachycardiaB. Hypertension and bradycardiaC. Cyanosis and cou…
Published	11/25/2024	In tension pneumothorax, what causes hypotension and tachycardia?A. Increased alveolar pressureB. Poor venous return due to compression of great vesse…
Published	11/25/2024	Normal inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is:A. 3000 mLB. 2000 mLC. 1500 mLD. 2500 mL
Published	11/25/2024	Normal vital capacity (VC) volume sits at:A. 4700 mLB. 3400 mLC. 2200 mLD. 5000 mL
Published	11/25/2024	Pleural effusion causes an increase in work of breathing (WOB), which then causes:A. Respiratory muscle fatigueB. CyanosisC. ApneaD. Hyperventilation
Published	11/25/2024	What criteria are used to differentiate types of pleural effusion fluid?A. Light’s criteriaB. CURB-65C. ARDSNet protocolD. Wells’ criteria
Published	11/25/2024	If pleural–serum LDH is at 0.9, then it is most likely what type of fluid?A. ExudativeB. TransudativeC. SerousD. Pleural
Published	11/25/2024	A category of lung disease that has a marked concavity of the expiratory curve in flow-volume curves:A. Obstructive lung diseaseB. Restrictive lung di…
Published	11/25/2024	________ is the usual malignancy causing secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.A. Squamous cell carcinomaB. Basal cell carcinomaC. AdenocarcinomaD. Small…
Published	11/25/2024	What best describes chest pain with pneumothorax?A. TighteningB. Every breath is painfulC. BurningD. AchingE. All of the above
Published	11/25/2024	Pulsus paradoxus is:A. Increased blood pressure during inspirationB. Increased blood pressure during expirationC. Decreased blood pressure during insp…
Published	11/25/2024	Unstable patients with pneumothorax are all of the following except:A. HypotensiveB. HypoxemicC. AcidoticD. Tachycardic
Published	11/25/2024	Small stable pneumothorax is characterized as:A. Less than 3 cm on the hilum level or less than 2 cm from the apex of the lungB. Less than 3 cm on the…
Published	11/25/2024	All of the following are procedures used for pneumothorax except:A. PleurodesisB. ThoracostomyC. Needle aspiration/decompressionD. Thoracoplasty
Published	11/25/2024	Which of the following refers to a milky white effusion high in triglycerides?A. Chyliform effusionB. Chylous effusionC. HemothoraxD. Trapped lung
Published	11/25/2024	Despite common practice, which of the following procedures does not routinely need to be done after thoracentesis?A. Chest x-rayB. Indwelling catheter…
Published	11/25/2024	Which of the following is an initial presumptive diagnosis if pleural effusion is >10 mm thick on ultrasonography or decubitus x-ray?A. Heart failu…
Status	Last Update	Fields