Notes in Nephrology

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Published	04/21/2025	What is Amiloride and it'a MOA?
Published	04/21/2025	What is the most common mechanism of renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma?A. AmyloidosisB. Cast nephropathy as a result of light chain…
Published	04/21/2025	2010b Clinical Applications – 59 – 66lgA nephropathy is the most common cause for glomerulonephritis. What isthe strongest predictor of its progressio…
Published	04/21/2025	2010b Clinical Applications – 7878. A high phosphate level infers worse prognosis in patients in end stage renalfailure, on haemodialysis. In addition…
Published	04/21/2025	Pharmaceutical manipulation is often used to treat urinary incontinence. Whichneurotransmitter is responsible for contraction of the detrusor muscle o…
Published	04/21/2025	Alkalisation of urine occurs in which segment of nephrons?A – distal convoluted ductB – proximal convoluted ductC – collecting ductD – juxtaglomerular…
Published	04/21/2025	2013a Medical Sciences – 39In type 1 DM, what occurs in the earliest stage of renal disease?A – hyperfiltrationB – microalbuminaemiaC – macroalbuminae…
Published	04/21/2025	2013a Medical Sciences – 54Which protein is involved in glucose reabsorption at the brush border membrane of the tubular epithelial cells in the kidne…
Published	04/21/2025	EMQ – 62-65. Please select the most appropriate agent:A – amilorideB – acetazolamideC – chlorthalidoneD – nesiritideE – furosemideF – ethacrynic acidG…
Published	04/21/2025	A – amilorideB – acetazolamideC – chlorthalidoneD – nesiritideE – furosemideF – ethacrynic acidG – mannitolH – spironolactone2013a Medical Sciences – …
Published	04/21/2025	EMQ – 62-65. Please select the most appropriate agent:A – amilorideB – acetazolamideC – chlorthalidoneD – nesiritideE – furosemideF – ethacrynic acidG…
Published	04/21/2025	EMQ – 62-65. Please select the most appropriate agent:A – amilorideB – acetazolamideC – chlorthalidoneD – nesiritideE – furosemideF – ethacrynic acidG…
Published	04/21/2025	How does Acetazolamide work?
Published	04/21/2025	How does Chlorthalidone work?
Published	04/21/2025	How does Nesiritide work?
Published	04/21/2025	How does Furosemide work?
Published	04/21/2025	How does Mannitol work?
Published	04/21/2025	How does Spironolactone work?
Published	04/21/2025	2013b Clinical Applications - 2What is the most likely non-SCC malignancy in renal transplant patients?A – colorectalB – native kidneyC – lymphomaD – …
Published	06/22/2025	What is the function of the PCT?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the function of the Thick Ascending limb?
Published	06/22/2025	Where is the Calcium sensing receptor found?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?
Published	06/22/2025	When should you use the Aldosterone:Renin Ratio?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the function of Aldosterone?
Published	06/22/2025	What is type 1 RTA?
Published	06/22/2025	What is type 2 RTA?
Published	06/22/2025	What is type 3 RTA?
Published	06/22/2025	What is type 4 RTA?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the Aetiology and pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy?
Published	06/22/2025	What predicts CKD in patients with IgA Nephropathy?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the clinical features of IgA Nephropathy?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the features on renal biopsy of IgA nephropathy?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the management of IgA Nephropathy?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the features of infection related GN (previously callsed post-strep GN)?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the features of anti-GBM disease?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the types of GN?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the features of ANCA Associated Vasculitis?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the features and grades of Lupus Nephritis?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the types of membranoproliferative GN?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the features of MN?
Published	06/22/2025	What is minimal change disease?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the subtypes of FSGS?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the general management of nephrotic syndromes?
Published	06/22/2025	What can be present on urine MCS following an AKI?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the formula for CKD?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the recommendations for BP targets in CKD?
Published	06/22/2025	How do you manage Renal anaemia?
Published	06/22/2025	How do you manage Acidosis in CKD?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the pathophysiology of phosphate retention in CKD?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the management of hyperphosphataemia in CKD?
Published	06/22/2025	How is glucose reabsorbed in the kidney?
Published	06/22/2025	How does Trimethoprim work in the kidney?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the indications for a renal biopsy?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the strategies for delaying progression of CKD?
Published	06/22/2025	How do you treat refractory oedema in CKD?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the criteria for initiating dialysis?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the general principles of dialysis?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the features of PD dialysis and subtypes?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the modalities of haemodialysis?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the complications of haemodialysis?
Published	06/22/2025	How do you measure dialysis adequacy?
Published	06/22/2025	How do you manage polycystic kidney disease?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the causes of Renal artery stenosis?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the pathophysiology of renal artery stenosis?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the management of renal artery stenosis?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the types of renal stones and how are they formed?
Published	06/22/2025	What is a scleroderma renal crisis?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the apthophysiology of renal disease in MM?
Published	06/22/2025	What is Tamm Horsfall protein and what are the other casts?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the types of lupus nephritis?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the renal manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the 3 characteristics of hepatorenal syndrome?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the 2 types of hepatorenal syndrome?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the initial proces for transplantation?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the reasons for graft loss?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the reasons for delayed graft function?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the 2 factors that determine acute rejection?
Published	06/22/2025	What role do HLA molecules play in transplant and rejection?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the two types of histopathological responses to rejection?
Published	06/22/2025	How do you diagnose acute rejection?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the treatment for acute rejection?
Published	06/22/2025	What is initial immunosuppression for renal transplant?
Published	06/22/2025	How does Basiliximab work?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the differences between Tacrolimus and Cyclosporin?
Published	06/22/2025	What is the MOA of Mycophenolate
Published	06/22/2025	What is the initial immunosuppression for transplant?
Published	06/22/2025	What is a side effect of the immunosuppression of cancer?
Published	06/22/2025	What is BK Nephropathy?
Published	06/22/2025	What are the RF for CMV in renal transplant patients?
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