Notes in N351 Exam 1::Exam 3

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/05/2024	function in bone formation
Published	11/05/2024	mature bone cells that function in bone maintenance
Published	11/05/2024	multinuclear cells function in destroying, resorbing, and remodeling bone
Published	11/05/2024	process of formation of bone matrix and deposition of minerals
Published	11/05/2024	bone formation
Published	11/05/2024	Regulating Factors of Bone Formation and Maintenance{{c1::stress}} and {{c1::weight-bearing}}{{c1::vitamin D}}, {{c1::PTH}}, {{c1::calcitonin}}{{c1::b…
Published	11/05/2024	synarthrosis
Published	11/05/2024	amphiarthrosis
Published	11/05/2024	diarthrosis
Published	11/05/2024	types of muscle tone and disruptions
Published	11/05/2024	inflammatory conditions of bursa sac or tendons
Published	11/05/2024	entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve typically caused by inflammatory disorders, repetitive hand movement, and trauma
Published	11/05/2024	longitudinal arch of the foot is diminished by congenital abnormalities, trauma, or excessive pressure
Published	11/05/2024	inflammation of the foot supporting fascia localized to the anterior medial aspect of the heel
Published	11/05/2024	clinical manifestations of GOUT
Published	11/05/2024	Why is hyperuricemia seen in gout?
Published	11/05/2024	Pathophysiology of GOUT
Published	11/05/2024	Treatment of GOUT
Published	11/05/2024	Precipitates of GOUT attacks
Published	11/05/2024	Short-term drug therapy of GOUT
Published	11/05/2024	long-term drug therapy of GOUT
Published	11/05/2024	{{c1::Uricosuric Agent Prototype}}: {{c2::Allopurinol}}MOA: {{c2::inhibits enzyme that converts purines to uric acid, lowers blood uric acid}}gets tak…
Published	11/05/2024	{{c1::Prototype mitotic agent}}: {{c2::Colchicine}}MOA: {{c2::inhibits migration of leukocytes into tissues, decreases inflammatory rxn to urate cryst…
Published	11/05/2024	radiculopathy
Published	11/05/2024	Clinical Manifestations of lower back pain
Published	11/05/2024	herniated vertebral disc causing protrusion of disc onto nerve causing compression
Published	11/05/2024	{{c1::Gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative}}: {{c2::Baclofen}}MOA: {{c1::unknown but inhibits reflex transmission at spinal cord}}TU: {{c2::muscle spast…
Published	11/05/2024	Direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant: {{c1::Methocarbamol}}MOA: {{c1::not fully understood}}TU: {{c2::chronic spasticity, malignant hyperthermia}}AE…
Published	11/05/2024	{{c1::Dantrolene Sodium}}MOA: {{c2::acts directly on skeletal muscle, interferes with Ca2+ release to relax skeletal muscle}}TU: {{c2::decreases muscl…
Published	11/05/2024	{{c1::Tricyclic Antidepressant Derivative}}: {{c2::Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride}}MOA: {{c2::exact MOA unknown, depresses motor activity}}TU: {{c3::mu…
Published	11/05/2024	jkfodjejorw
Published	11/12/2024	akinesia
Published	11/12/2024	bradykinesia
Published	11/12/2024	cycloplegia
Published	11/12/2024	dyskinesia
Published	11/12/2024	inability to remain motionless
Published	11/12/2024	hypertensive crisis
Published	11/12/2024	Extrapyramidal Reactions
Published	11/12/2024	common initial symptom of parkinson's
Published	11/12/2024	Which NT are imbalanced in Parkinson's?
Published	11/12/2024	Symptoms of Parkinson's
Published	11/12/2024	Dopamine Receptor Agonist Prototype: {{c1::Levodopa-carbidopa}}MOA: {{c1::increase amount of dopamine in brain}}AE: {{c2::orthostatic hypotension, diz…
Published	11/12/2024	Other drugs in dopamine receptor agonist class
Published	11/12/2024	Symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity{{c1::hyperthermia, mydriasis, paralytic ileus}}{{c2::delirium, tachycardia, urinary retention}}{{c3::seizures, co…
Published	11/12/2024	Alzheimer's Diseasedeficiency in {{c3::cholinergic function}} in {{c3::cortex and basal forebrain}}neuropathic hallmarks are {{c2::neuritic plaques an…
Published	11/12/2024	tPA guidelines{{c1::within 3-4 hours of last normal}}{{c2::aspirin recommended 24-48 hrs after stroke onset}}
Published	11/12/2024	What are the main neurotransmitter imbalances associated with Parkinson's Disease?
Published	11/12/2024	List the four cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
Published	11/12/2024	What is the primary indicator of a patient's condition in an altered level of consciousness?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the components of a neurological health history assessment?
Published	11/12/2024	Differentiate between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
Published	11/12/2024	What diagnostic test is the gold standard for stroke?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism of action of levodopa-carbidopa in Parkinson’s treatment?
Published	11/12/2024	Name a significant side effect of tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor.
Published	11/12/2024	List two types of COPD.
Published	11/12/2024	Describe the V/Q mismatch in a low V/Q ratio.
Published	11/12/2024	What is osteoporosis, and what are the primary preventive measures?
Published	11/12/2024	What class of drugs is used to treat osteoporosis by binding to bones and inhibiting calcium resorption?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism of action for allopurinol?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson’s Disease?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the primary neurotransmitter deficiency in Parkinson’s Disease?
Published	11/12/2024	List autonomic symptoms associated with Parkinson’s Disease.
Published	11/12/2024	Name two psychiatric symptoms that may present in Parkinson’s Disease.
Published	11/12/2024	Describe the hallmark pathophysiological features of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Published	11/12/2024	What is the most significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease?
Published	11/12/2024	Which neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with Alzheimer’s Disease?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the clinical manifestations of an ischemic stroke?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the components of a neurological assessment?
Published	11/12/2024	What does the Romberg test assess?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the “big four” questions to assess orientation in a neurological exam?
Published	11/12/2024	What are common risks for patients with altered levels of consciousness?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the purpose of carbidopa in the levodopa-carbidopa combination therapy?
Published	11/12/2024	List two contraindications for dopamine receptor agonists.
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism of action for cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the therapeutic goal of memantine (an NMDA receptor antagonist) in Alzheimer’s treatment?
Published	11/12/2024	What diagnostic tests are used to assess COPD?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the common causative agents of pneumonia?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the clinical manifestations of pneumonia?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the two key supplements for osteoporosis prevention?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism of action for bisphosphonates in treating osteoporosis?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the purpose of uricosuric agents in the treatment of gout?
Published	11/12/2024	What are common dietary triggers for a gout attack?
Published	11/12/2024	Name a benzodiazepine commonly used for alcohol withdrawal.
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism of action for disulfiram in alcohol dependence?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the role of naltrexone in opioid dependence treatment?
Published	11/12/2024	Why must buprenorphine be used with caution in patients on full opioid agonists?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
Published	11/12/2024	List three major mediators involved in an anaphylactic reaction.
Published	11/12/2024	What are the primary symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the role of antihistamines in treating allergic rhinitis?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the difference between physical and psychological dependence?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the typical symptoms of alcohol withdrawal that begin within 6-12 hours?
Published	11/12/2024	Name two risks associated with severe alcohol withdrawal (24-72 hours after last drink).
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism of action of methadone in opioid dependence treatment?
Published	11/12/2024	What is a black box warning associated with naltrexone?
Published	11/12/2024	What is a TIA, and why is it significant?
Published	11/12/2024	What does the acronym "FAST" stand for in recognizing stroke symptoms?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the primary goal of thrombolytic therapy in ischemic stroke?
Published	11/12/2024	Within what time frame should tPA be administered for ischemic stroke?
Published	11/12/2024	What are common causes of hemorrhagic stroke?
Published	11/12/2024	What are common side effects of anticholinergic drugs used in Parkinson’s Disease?
Published	11/12/2024	Why are anticholinergics contraindicated in patients with glaucoma?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the role of corticosteroids in asthma management?
Published	11/12/2024	Why are long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) not used as rescue inhalers in COPD?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the primary function of anticholinergic inhalers in COPD?
Published	11/12/2024	What characterizes Type I hypersensitivity, and give an example.
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism behind Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the preferred route of administration for epinephrine in anaphylaxis, and why?
Published	11/12/2024	Name two common secondary symptoms of anaphylaxis aside from difficulty breathing.
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates like alendronate in osteoporosis?
Published	11/12/2024	List two common adverse effects of bisphosphonates.
Published	11/12/2024	What is the action of colchicine in acute gout attacks?
Published	11/12/2024	What are the key factors assessed in a Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE)?
Published	11/12/2024	How do NSAIDs help in managing musculoskeletal pain?
Published	11/12/2024	Name a major adverse effect of chronic NSAID use.
Published	11/12/2024	What is the mechanism of action of baclofen in muscle spasticity?
Published	11/12/2024	Why should cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) be used with caution in the elderly?
Published	11/12/2024	Why are baseline coagulation studies necessary before administering thrombolytics?
Published	11/12/2024	What is the main therapeutic use of warfarin?
Published	11/12/2024	Name one dietary consideration for patients taking warfarin.
Published	11/17/2024	{{c2::bisphosphonates}}: {{c1::ibandronate, risedronate, zoledronic}}MOA: {{c1::inhibit osteoclast activity, reduces bone resorption}}TU: {{c1::osteop…
Published	11/17/2024	{{c2::Estrogen agonist/antagonist}}: {{c1::denosumab, raloxifene}}MOA: {{c1::acts like estrogen by decreasing bone resorption}}TU: {{c1::osteoporosis}…
Published	11/17/2024	{{c3::Benzodiazepines}}: {{c2::chlordiazepoxide, lorazepam, diazepam}}MOA: {{c2::enhances effects of GABA to slow neuronal activity}}TU: {{c2::acute a…
Published	11/20/2024	{{c2::Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor}}: {{c1::disulfiram}}MOA: {{c1::causes accumulation of acetaldehyde to produce unpleasant reactions when alcoho…
Published	11/20/2024	{{c2::Opioid agonist/antagonist}}: {{c1::buprenorphine, buprenorphine-naloxone}}MOA: {{c1::agonist at some receptor sites and antagonist effect at oth…
Published	11/19/2024	{{c2::Opioid antagonist}}: {{c1::Naltrexone}}MOA: {{c2::blocks opioids from binding to opioid receptor sites}}TU: {{c3::opioid use disorder, alcohol u…
Published	11/19/2024	{{c2::GABA receptor agonists}}: {{c1::flumazenil}}MOA: {{c2::competes with benzodiazepine (GABA) receptors}}TU: {{c2::benzodiazepine OD}}BBW: {{c1::ri…
Published	11/19/2024	{{c3::SABAs}}: {{c1::albuterol, levalbuterol}}MOA: {{c1::stimulate beta 2 for bronchodilation}}Admin: {{c2::MDI or nebulizer}}TU: {{c3::treat or preve…
Published	11/19/2024	{{c2::LABAs}}: {{c1::salmeterol, formoterol}}MOA: {{c1::stimulate beta 2 receptors for bronchodilation}}Salmeterol admin: {{c2::dry powder inhaler}}Fo…
Published	11/19/2024	{{c2::Anticholingergic}} (COPD trt): {{c1::ipatropium, tiotropium}}MOA: {{c1::blocks muscarinic receptors to inhibit bronchoconstriction and mucus sec…
Published	11/19/2024	{{c2::Xanthines}}: {{c1::theophylline}}MOA: {{c1::relaxes brinchiole smooth muscle and supresses airway responsiveness to stimuli}}Admin: {{c1::PO, in…
Published	11/19/2024	Nursing Consideration of SABAs
Published	11/19/2024	Nursing Considerations of LABAs
Published	11/19/2024	Nursing Considerations of anticholinergics for COPD treatment
Published	11/19/2024	Nursing considerations of theophylline
Published	11/19/2024	How is prednisone administered?
Published	11/19/2024	What are the 3 combination regimens for COPD drugs?
Published	11/19/2024	What is the therapeutic use of combination regimens for COPD?
Published	11/19/2024	Inhaled corticosteroid: {{c1::-sone, budesonide}}MOA: {{c2::suppress release of inflammatory mediators}}Admin: {{c2::usually inhaled}}TU: {{c2::acute …
Published	11/19/2024	Nursing considerations of inhaled corticosteroids
Published	11/20/2024	Contraindications of theophylline
Published	11/20/2024	{{c3::1st gen antihistamines}}: {{c1::diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine}}MOA: {{c2::blocks H1 receptors to prevent allergic response}}TU: {{c2::hypersensit…
Published	11/20/2024	{{c2::2nd gen antihistamines}}: {{c1::fexofenadine, cetirizine, loratadine}}MOA: {{c2::preference for peripheral receptors, doesn't cross blood-b…
Published	11/20/2024	What are the nasal antihistamines and what is their therapeutic use?
Published	11/20/2024	What information is important for patients taking nasal antihistamines to know?
Published	11/20/2024	Antitussives: {{c1::dextromethorphan, codeine & hydrocodone, benzonatate}}MOA: {{c1::suppresses cough by suppression of medulla oblongata cou…
Published	11/20/2024	Expectorants: {{c1::guaifenesin}}MOA: {{c1::decreases secretion viscosity}}Admin: {{c1::PO with lots of fluids}}TU: {{c2::productive cough}}…
Published	11/20/2024	mucolytics: {{c1::acetylcysteine}}MOA: {{c1::liquefies mucus}}Admin: {{c1::nebulizer}}TU: {{c1::decreases secretion viscosity}}AE:{{c1:…
Published	11/20/2024	nasal decongestant: {{c2::pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline}}MOA: {{c3::acts on adrenergic receptors to stimulate release of NE for vasoconstriction…
Published	11/20/2024	Mast cell stabilizer: {{c1::cromolyn}}MOA: {{c1::prevents mast cells from releasing histamine or other inflammatory mediators}}Admin: {{c1::intranasal…
New Card	11/20/2024	gastritis
New Card	11/20/2024	GERD
New Card	11/20/2024	Where do peptic ulcers most commonly occur?
New Card	11/20/2024	osteomalacia
Status	Last Update	Fields