Notes in Alcohol

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Published	09/17/2024	Which enzyme is responsible for the initial metabolism of ethanol in the liver? a) Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) b) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) c) Cyt…
Published	09/17/2024	Which cofactor is required for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity during ethanol metabolism?a) FAD b) NADH c) CoA d) ATP{{c1::B}}
Published	09/17/2024	Which kinetic model is associated with ethanol metabolism at high concentrations? a) First-order kinetics b) Second-order kinetics c) Zero-order kinet…
Published	09/17/2024	Which of the following organ systems is most susceptible to ethanol-induced damage during prenatal exposure? a) Respiratory b) Cardiovascular c) Liver…
Published	09/17/2024	Which cellular mechanism contributes to the sedative effect of ethanol in the CNS?a) Inhibition of NMDA receptors b) Activation of GABA receptors c) U…
Published	09/17/2024	A patient presents with confusion, ataxia, and slurred speech. Which of the following interventions is appropriate for ethanol intoxication? a) Admini…
Published	09/17/2024	A 35-year-old male presents to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a fruity odor on his breath. He admits to drinking …
Published	09/17/2024	A 42-year-old woman presents with confusion, hematuria, and calcium oxalate crystals in her urine. She admits to consuming antifreeze accidentally. Wh…
Published	09/17/2024	A 50-year-old male presents with symptoms of alcohol intoxication. He appears confused and unsteady on his feet. His breath smells of alcohol. Which t…
Published	09/17/2024	A 60-year-old man presents with severe confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. His family reports that he has been a heavy drinker for years. Which co…
Published	09/17/2024	A 45-year-old woman with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with agitation, tremors, and hallucinations 48 hours after her last drink. Which med…
Published	09/17/2024	A 22-year-old college student presents with a history of binge drinking over the weekend. On examination, he has abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and ele…
Published	09/17/2024	A 32-year-old pregnant woman admits to regular alcohol consumption during her pregnancy. Her baby is born with growth retardation, intellectual disabi…
Published	09/17/2024	A 30-year-old woman with a history of chronic alcohol use requires increasing amounts of alcohol to achieve the desired level of intoxication. What me…
Published	09/17/2024	A 28-year-old man has developed tolerance to the sedative effects of alcohol. Which neurotransmitter system is most likely involved in this adaptation…
Published	09/17/2024	A 35-year-old woman with a history of heavy drinking experiences withdrawal symptoms when she attempts to stop drinking. What adaptive mechanism contr…
Published	09/17/2024	A 38-year-old man with a history of alcohol dependence has been drinking for two weeks consistently and now requires more alcohol than when he started…
Published	09/17/2024	A 55-year-old man is brought to the ED after drinking ethylene glycol-containing antifreeze. He has severe metabolic acidosis and calcium oxalate crys…
Published	09/17/2024	A 40-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with disorientation, visual hallucinations, and a high fever. What severe manifestatio…
Published	09/17/2024	A 55-year-old man with a history of heavy alcohol use presents to the emergency department with confusion, agitation, hallucinations, and severe tremo…
Published	09/17/2024	A 60-year-old man with a long history of alcohol dependence presents with severe agitation, diaphoresis, and disorientation. He has been abstinent for…
Published	09/17/2024	A 42-year-old man with a long history of alcohol dependence presents to a substance abuse clinic. He is seeking help for his ongoing psychological cra…
Published	09/17/2024	A 45-year-old man with a history of chronic alcohol abuse is seeking treatment for his ethanol dependence. He is interested in a medication that can h…
Published	09/17/2024	A 40-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism is struggling to maintain sobriety. She experiences strong cravings for ethanol and is looking for a …
Published	09/17/2024	A 38-year-old man is prescribed a new antibiotic for a skin infection. Shortly after starting the medication, while having one cocktail with friends h…
Published	09/19/2024	What drugs are used in acute ethanol withdrawal?1. {{c2:: Benzodiazepines}}2. {{c1::Thiamine}}
Published	09/19/2024	Drugs used in Chronic Alcohol Syndrome?1. {{c1::Naltrexone}}2. {{c2::Acamprosate}}3. {{c3::Disulfiram}}
Published	09/19/2024	What Drugs are used in Acute Methanol or Acute Ethylene Glycol Toxicity?1. {{c1::Fomepizole}} (First line)2. {{c2::Ethanol}} (Only used when…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Methanol}} poisoning results in toxic levels of {{c2::Formate}}, which causes characteristic {{c3::Visual Disturbances}} plus {{c…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Ethylene Glycol}} poisoning creates toxic {{c2::Aldehydes and Oxalate:: 2}}, which causes {{c3::Kidney}} damage and {{c4::Se…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Thiamine (B1)}} is administered in pt suspected of alcoholism to prevent {{c2::Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome}}
Published	09/24/2024	{{c1::Naltrexone}} is a {{c2::Non-Selective}}, {{c4::Competitive}} {{c4::Antagonist}} of {{c3::Opioid}} receptors
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Naltrexone}} and {{c5::Acamprosate}} are used to {{c2::reduce}} risk of {{c3::relapse}} in individuals with {{c4::Alcoholism…
Published	09/21/2024	{{c5::Acamprosate}} is a poorly understood {{c1::NMDA}} receptor {{c3::antagonist}} and {{c2::GABAA}} {{c4::agonist}}
Published	09/22/2024	{{c1::Disulfiram}} {{c2::inhibits}} {{c3::aldehyde dehydrogenase}}, resulting in {{c4::aldehyde}} accumulation during {{c5::ethanol}} ingestion
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Fomepizole}} {{c2::inhibits}} {{c3::alcohol dehydrogenase}}. This prevents the conversion of {{c4::methanol}} and {{c4::ethylene glycol}} to tox…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Disulfiram}} is used to {{c2::deter}} individuals with {{c3::alcohol dependance}} from drinking; {{c4::Rarely}} used.
Published	09/19/2024	{{c2::Benzodiazepines}} are {{c1::BDZ}} receptor {{c3::agonists}} that facilitate {{c4::GABA}} mediated activation of {{c5::GABAA}} receptors
Published	09/19/2024	Is Metabolism of Ethanol Zero order or First order?{{c1:: None, its Pseudo Zero Order :)}}
Published	09/19/2024	What drugs are used in acute ethanol withdrawal?1. {{c1:: Benzodiazepines}}2. {{c1::Thiamine}}
Published	09/19/2024	Drugs used in Chronic Alcohol Syndrome?1. {{c1::Naltrexone}}2. {{c1::Acamprosate}}3. {{c1::Disulfiram}}
Published	09/19/2024	What Drugs are used in Acute Methanol or Acute Ethylene Glycol Toxicity?1. {{c1::Fomepizole}} (First line)2. {{c1::Ethanol}} (Only used when…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Methanol}} poisoning causes toxic {{c1::formate/(formic acid)}} buildup, leading to {{c1::visual}} disturbances, seizures, coma, acidosis, and d…
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Ethylene glycol}} poisoning produces toxic metabolites, namely {{c1::Aldehydes}} and {{c1::Oxalate}}, causing kidney damage and severe acidosis.
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Naltrexone}} and {{c1::Acamprosate}} are used to reduce risk of {{c2::relapse}} in individuals with {{c2::Alcoholism}}
Published	09/19/2024	{{c1::Acamprosate}} is a poorly understood {{c1::NMDA}} receptor {{c1::antagonist}} and {{c2::GABAA}} receptor {{c2::agonist}} used to preve…
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