Notes in W1S6: Human Pathogens

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::10 trillion::#}} human cells make up the human body. {{c1::100 million::#}} microbes make up the human microbiota
Published	09/05/2023	A {{c1::pathogen}} is a(n) {{c2::organism that causes disease to its host}}.
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::Virulence}} is a measure of {{c2::the severity of a disease}}.
Published	09/05/2023	What are the 5 types of human pathogens?1. {{c1::Bacteria}}2. {{c2::Viruses}}3. {{c3::Fungi}}4. {{c4::Protozoa}}5. {{c5::Helm…
Published	09/05/2023	Bacteria are {{c1::prokaryotic::prokaryotic or eukaryotic}}
Published	09/05/2023	Fungi are {{c1::eukaryotic::prokaryotic or eukaryotic}}
Published	09/05/2023	Draw a scaffold breaking 'bacteria' into its different types:
Published	09/05/2023	Draw a scaffold breaking 'viruses' into its different types:
Published	09/05/2023	Draw a scaffold breaking 'fungi' into its different parts:
Published	09/05/2023	Draw a scaffold breaking 'helminths' into its different parts
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes on the following criteria:Uni- or multi-cellular
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes on the following criteria:Presence of a nucleus
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes on the following criteria:Form of DNA & location of DNA in the cell
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes on the following criteria:Presence of embrane-bound organelles
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes on the following criteria:Ribosome size (e.g. #S + #S = #S)
Published	09/05/2023	The cell wall of bacteria is primarily made of {{c1::peptidoglycan}}.
Published	09/05/2023	{{c2::Bacteria/prokaryotes::Type of organism}} separate(s) through a process called {{c1::binary fission}}
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes on the following criteria:Presence of sterols in membranes
Published	09/05/2023	What are the 6 ways to classify bacteria?1. {{c1::Morphology (shape) of organisms and colonies}}2. {{c2::Staining (Gram (+) / Gram (-))}}3.&…
Published	09/05/2023	What do the following prefixes mean in regards to bacterial cell morphology?diplo - {{c1::two}}strepto - {{c1::chain}}staphyl - {{c1::c…
Published	09/05/2023	What are the 4 main bacterial shapes?1. {{c1::Cocci}}2. {{c1::Bacilli}}3. {{c1::Spirilla}}4. {{c1::Pleomorphic}}
Published	09/05/2023	The 'Periplasmic Space' is a component of {{c1::gram (-)::gram (+) or gram (-)}} bacteria.
Published	09/05/2023	The 'Outer Membrane' is a component of {{c1::gram (-)::gram (+) or gram (-)}} bacteria.
Published	09/05/2023	'Lipid A' is a component of {{c1::gram (-)::gram (+) or gram (-)}} bacteria.
Published	09/05/2023	'Porin' is a component of {{c1::gram (-)::gram (+) or gram (-)}} bacteria.
Published	09/05/2023	'LPS (Endotoxin)' is a component of {{c1::gram (-)::gram (+) or gram (-)}} bacteria.
Published	09/05/2023	'Lipoteichoic Acid' is a component of {{c1::gram (+)::gram (+) or gram (-)}} bacteria.
Published	09/05/2023	A 'Thick Peptidoglycan Layer' is a component of {{c1::gram (+)::gram (+) or gram (-)}} bacteria.
Published	09/05/2023	What is the proper 4-step protocol for gram staining bacteria?1. {{c1::Crystal Violet - stains all cells purple}}2. {{c2::Iodine -&nbsp…
Published	09/05/2023	Which 11 organisms do not stain well on gram stain?These Little Microbes May Unfortunately Lack Real Color But Are EverywhereT - {{c1::Treponema}…
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::Treponema::Organism name}} and {{c1::Leptospira::organism name}} don't stain well on gram stain because {{c2::they're too thin to be v…
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::Mycobacteria::Organism name}} don't stain well on gram stain because {{c2::their cell wall has high lipid content}}.
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::Mycoplasma::Organism name}} and {{c1::Ureaplasma::organism name}} don't stain well on gram stain because {{c2::they lack a cell wall}}…
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::Legionella::Organism name}}, {{c1::Rickettsia::organism name}}, {{c1::Chlamydia::organism name}}, {{c1::Bartonella::organism name…
Published	09/05/2023	The function of {{c1::flagellum}} in bacteria is {{c2::motility}}.
Published	09/05/2023	The function of {{c1::pilus/fimbria}} in bacteria is {{c2::to mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface}}.
Published	09/05/2023	The function of {{c1::spores}} in bacteria is {{c2::help organisms resist dehydration, heat, and chemicals}} and {{c3::help organisms s…
Published	09/05/2023	The function of the {{c1::capsule}} in bacteria is {{c2::to protect against phagocytosis}}.
Published	09/05/2023	The function of {{c1::glycocalyx (slime layer)}} in bacteria is {{c2::to mediate adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces}}.
Published	09/05/2023	The function of {{c1::the cell wall}} in bacteria is {{c2::to protect against osmotic pressure damage}}.
Published	09/05/2023	The function of {{c1::the outer membrane}} in bacteria is {{c2::to house porins}} and {{c3::membrane transport proteins}}.
Published	09/05/2023	The function of {{c1::the cytoplasmic membrane}} in bacteria is {{c2::to house oxidative and transport enzymes}}.
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins on the following criteria:Presence in gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins on the following criteria:Whether or not they're secreted from the cell
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins on the following criteria:Chemical composition
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins on the following criteria:Clinical effects
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins on the following criteria:Typical associated diseases (5 for exotoxins, 1 for endotoxins)
Published	09/05/2023	The smallest microorganisms are {{c1::viruses::type of microorganism}}.
Published	09/05/2023	Viruses contain {{c1::DNA or RNA but never both::DNA or RNA}}
Published	09/05/2023	Viruses are {{c1::obligate intracellular parasites}}, meaning they {{c2::only replicate within a host cell}}.
Published	09/05/2023	Virus genomes can be {{c1::linear::shape}} or {{c1::circular::shape}}
Published	09/05/2023	What are the 4 possible virus structures?1. {{c1::Helical Capsid}}2. {{c1::Icosahedral Capsid}}3. {{c2::Multiple Helical Capsids}}4.&nb…
Published	09/05/2023	What are the steps of the 'Viral Life Cycle'?1. {{c1::Attachment}}2. {{c2::Penetration}}3. {{c3::Intracellular trafficking & uncoat…
Published	09/05/2023	The main function of spike proteins on viruses is to {{c1::help the virus attach to host cells}}.
Published	09/05/2023	Viral polymerases vary based on {{c1::virus type}}.
Published	09/05/2023	Dimorphic fungi have 2 forms:1) {{c1:::Yeast form (parasitic phase):Form name and phase}} which culture at {{c2::37℃::temp. in ℃}}2) {{…
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast yeast and mold on the following criteria:Structure
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast yeast and mold based on the following criteria:Colony morphology
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast yeast and molds based on the following criteria:Method of reproduction
Published	09/05/2023	1d32a9bc175b4278be3fd2b9ec1c48f6-ao-1
Published	09/05/2023	1d32a9bc175b4278be3fd2b9ec1c48f6-ao-2
Published	09/05/2023	1d32a9bc175b4278be3fd2b9ec1c48f6-ao-3
Published	09/05/2023	1d32a9bc175b4278be3fd2b9ec1c48f6-ao-4
Published	09/05/2023	1d32a9bc175b4278be3fd2b9ec1c48f6-ao-5
Published	09/05/2023	1d32a9bc175b4278be3fd2b9ec1c48f6-ao-6
Published	09/05/2023	Fungi have a cell wall primarily made out of {{c1::chitin}}.
Published	09/05/2023	In fungi {{c1::cell wall glycoproteins}} function to {{c2::adhere the fungi to epithelial surfaces}}.
Published	09/05/2023	In fungi, {{c1::melanin pigment}} functions to {{c2::shield against immunologically active cells, hydrolyses}}.
Published	09/05/2023	In fungi, {{c1::capsules/glucans}} function to {{c2::provide anti-phagocytotic defense}}.
Published	09/05/2023	The term {{c1::thermotolerance}} is used to describe fungi that {{c2::survive and replicate}} at {{c2::37℃}}.
Published	09/05/2023	Fungi can produce {{c1::exoenzymes}} that {{c2::degrade human tissue components}}.
Published	09/05/2023	Fungi can produce {{c1::toxins}} that {{c2::cause tissue necrosis}}.
Published	09/05/2023	In fungi, resistance to {{c1::microbiocidal products of neutrophils}} functions to {{c2::evade the host defense mechanisms}}.
Published	09/05/2023	Gram {{c1::positive::positive or negative}} bacteria {{c2::retains::retains or doesn't retain}} dye.Gram {{c1::negative::positive or ne…
Published	09/05/2023	In bacteria, ribosomes in {{c2::the cytoplasm::location}} produce proteins that locate to {{c1::the cytoplasm::location(s)}}
Published	09/05/2023	In bacteria, ribosomes in {{c1::the plasma membrane::location}} produce proteins that locate to {{c2::the cell envelope or leave the cell::l…
Published	09/05/2023	What 4 things are found in the cytoplasm of bacterium?
Published	09/05/2023	Plasmids in bacterium can often provide {{c1::resistance to antibiotics::type of selective advantage}}.
Published	09/05/2023	The function of {{c2::a capsid}} in viruses is to {{c1::protect the genome}} and {{c1::aid in transfer between hosts}}.
Published	09/05/2023	7b7d95e226924e5db19c7d5a046745d3-ao-1
Published	09/05/2023	7b7d95e226924e5db19c7d5a046745d3-ao-2
Published	09/05/2023	7b7d95e226924e5db19c7d5a046745d3-ao-3
Published	09/05/2023	7b7d95e226924e5db19c7d5a046745d3-ao-4
Published	09/05/2023	7b7d95e226924e5db19c7d5a046745d3-ao-5
Published	09/05/2023	Viruses that use {{c1::RNA Polymerase::type of Polymerase}} have more frequent mutations than viruses that use {{c1::DNA polymerase::type of…
Published	09/05/2023	Compare and contrast the pathways of DNA and RNA viruses when they enter a host cell:
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::Glucan}} is the major component of the fungal cell wall.The cell wall of filamentous fungi differs slightly from others, containing more {{…
Published	09/05/2023	The most common sterol in fungi is {{c1::ergosterol}}.The function {{c1::ergosterol::type of sterol listed above}} is to {{c2::provide …
Published	09/05/2023	In fungi, {{c1::lanosterol}} is demethylated by {{c2::14-α demethylase::name of enzyme}} to form {{c1::ergosterol}}.
Published	09/05/2023	{{c1::Unconverted β1,3- glucan::Molecule name}} is converted to {{c2::β1-3 glucan::molecule name}} by {{c1::β1-3 synthase::enzyme name}…
Status	Last Update	Fields