Notes in Thrombotic Disorders LECTURE 32

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Published	01/07/2025	venous thrombo-embolism{{c1::the process of blood clot formation in the veins}}
Published	01/07/2025	provoked venous thrombo-embolism{{c1::clear precipitating cause from history or tests}}unprovoked venous thrombo-embolism{{c1::no clear cause}}
Published	01/07/2025	thrombophilia:{{c1::where the blood clots more easily than normal}}
Published	01/07/2025	what are the three factors which can lead to VTE formation?and what is this model called? {{c1::Virchow's triad}}
Published	01/07/2025	circulatory stasis:blood becomes {{c1::static - doesn't flow as readily around the body}}causes:{{c1::bed rest}}{{c1::lower limb orthopaedic surgery}}…
Published	01/07/2025	hypercoagulable state{{c1::blood is more agglutinated than it should be}}causes:{{c1::smoking}}{{c1::oestrogens}}{{c1::active cancer}}inherited/acquir…
Published	01/07/2025	inherited thrombophiliascommonest: Factor {{c1::V Leiden}} - mutation of factor V genes2nd commonest: {{c1::prothrombin thrombophilia}} - mu…
Published	01/07/2025	What people are offered thrombophilia testing?people who have {{c1::unprovoked DVT/PE with first degree relative who has had DVT/PE (if it is planned …
Published	01/07/2025	acquired thrombophilias (commonest)What is the commonest acquired thrombophilia?{{c1::antiphospholipid}} syndromeHow does it happen?{{c1::autoimu…
Published	01/07/2025	when to consider testing for antiphospholipid antibodies?In people who have had {{c1::unprovoked DVT/PE}} if {{c1::anticoag treatment planned to …
Published	01/07/2025	acquired thrombophilias (2nd commonest)acquired {{c1::dysfibrinogenaemia}}dysfunctional {{c1::fibrinogen}} due to:Possible causes?{{c1::seve…
Published	01/07/2025	What are the causes of vascular injury?{{c1::limb}} trauma{{c1::foreign}} bodies: IV, pacemaker wires{{c1::sepsis}}{{c1::bacteria, toxins}}p…
Published	01/07/2025	commonest site of deep vein thrombosis:{{c1::leg}}:{{c1::calf:}} popliteal and tibial veins{{c1::thigh:}} femoral and iliac veins
Published	01/07/2025	clinical signs of DVTunilateral {{c1::calf swelling/heat/pain/redness/hardness}}can be {{c1::no signs/symptoms}}
Published	01/07/2025	DVT differential diagnosis{{c1::Baker's cyst}}{{c1::Cellulitis}}{{c1::Muscular pain}}
Published	01/07/2025	DVT investigations{{c1::D-dimer test to rule out DVT if low probability (assessed using Wells score - normal d-dimer suggests there is no DVT. )}}{{c1…
Published	01/07/2025	D-dimer = what is D-dimer?breakdown product of {{c1::fibrin}} - fibrous mesh component of blood clotsWhen is it present?only present when {{…
Published	01/07/2025	DVT treatmentWhat treatment do we give for a calf only DVT?{{c1::>symptomatic}} treatment>Repeat {{c1::Ultrasound}} in 7 days to ensur…
Published	01/07/2025	PE investigation: {{c1::CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA)}}
Published	01/07/2025	justifying use of CTPAcarries high {{c1::radiation dose}} so only used if reasonable likelihood of PEWhat is used to guide the investigation of C…
Published	01/07/2025	ventilation-perfusion lung scan.How is it done?using {{c1::inhaled and injected radioisotopes}}What does it look for?looks for {{c1::VQ}} mismatc…
Published	01/07/2025	PE treatment:Large PE vs Smaller PElarge PE: initally {{c1::heparin}}- usually sc low molecular weight heparin: {{c1::Enoxaparin}}- then convert …
Published	01/07/2025	what are the DOAC drugs?{{c1::Rivaroxaban}}{{c1::Dabigataran}}
Published	01/07/2025	just for understanding:{{c1::}}
Published	01/07/2025	treatment for massive PE{{c1::IV}}IV {{c1::heparin}} infusionconsider {{c1::thrombolysis:}}other options: {{c1::surgical embolectomy/ca…
Published	01/07/2025	PE outcome{{c1::}}
Published	01/07/2025	what is the number one cause of preventable hospital death?{{c1::VTE!!}}
Published	01/07/2025	VTE prevention{{c1::prophylactic low dose heparin or rivaroxaban}} after major joint surgeryvenous {{c1::compression}} stockingspneumatic {{…
Published	01/07/2025	A 36 year old pregnant woman presents with breathlessness and chest pain. You suspect a PE. What is your immediate management?{{c1::give blood thinner…
Published	01/07/2025	Which of the following may lead to venous stasis?Acquired thrombophilia Inherited thrombophilia Fractured neck of femur Travel by car to work Lying in…
Published	01/07/2025	What is the best way to manage a PE?Thrombolysis Anticoagulation Prevent it by doing a VTE risk assessment Surgical Stockings Intermittent pneumatic c…
Published	01/07/2025	why is heparin given initially in thrombolitic disorders?{{c1::warfarin}} stops production of future coagulation factors being produced (not init…
Published	01/07/2025	Below are all clinical signs of?low oxygen saturationslow PaO2 - blood gas analysisEchocardiogram - right heart stainECG: sinus tachycardia, S1, …
Published	01/07/2025	Give 2 examples of a DOAC
Published	01/07/2025	The following are all techniques for?prophylactic low dose heparin or rivaroxaban after major joint surgeryvenous compression stoc…
Published	01/07/2025	What types of patients would we give alternative medicine to DOAC's to if they have ilio-femoral DVT?Which medication - why?
Published	01/07/2025	When doing a DVT investigation - which investigation method is first choice?
Published	01/07/2025	Baker's cystCellulitisMuscular painThe above are all differential diagnoses for?
Published	01/07/2025	unilateral calf swelling/heat/pain/redness/hardness is a sign of?
Published	01/07/2025	Give one example of heparin?
Published	01/07/2025	other clinical signs of PE:low {{c1::oxygen saturations}}low {{c1::PaO2 }} - blood gas analysis{{c1::Echocardiogram}} - right heart stain{{c…
Published	01/07/2025	describe the clinical spectrum of pulmonary embolisms{{c1::microemboli}}: {{c2::asymptomatic}}{{c1::small, peripheral}}: {{c2::pleuritic pain, breathl…
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