Notes in 15 Pracs General

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Order of Draw{{c1::Green Blood culture bottleOrange blood culture bottleLight blue tubeRed tubeGold tubeGreenLavenderGray}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Collection Tubes{{c1::Green::Green/Orange}} Blood Culture Bottle: {{c1::Aerobic::Aerobic/Anaerobic}} organism{{c2::Orange::Green/Orange}} Blood …
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Culture BottlesPurpose: {{c1::Coagulation studies}}Additive: {{c1::PT and aPTT}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Culture BottlesAdditive: {{c1::None (glass) or has clot activators (plastic)}}Use: {{c1::Crossmatching and serology}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Culture BottlesUse: {{c1::clinical chemistry}}Additive: {{c1::gel to separate serum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Culture BottlesAdditive: {{c1::Heparin (sodium or lithium)}}Use: {{c1::Ammonium, stat chemistry, electrolytes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Culture BottlesUse: {{c1::hematology, HbA1c, blood bank, peripheral blood smear}}Additive: {{c1::EDTA}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Collection SitesIn descending order of preference, what are the desired sites (most to least)?{{c1::Median CubitalCephalic VeinBasilic Vein}}
Published	07/30/2024	794d3b54ba184c2b893b88bbb0ee6c8a-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	794d3b54ba184c2b893b88bbb0ee6c8a-ao-2
Published	07/30/2024	794d3b54ba184c2b893b88bbb0ee6c8a-ao-3
Published	07/30/2024	Blood CollectionApply tourniquet for not more than {{c1::one minute}} when collecting blood
Published	07/30/2024	Peripheral Blood SmearCharacteristics of a good smear{{c1::Film is 2/3 to 3/4 of the lengthFilm is finger shaped with visible lateral edgesFilm is smo…
Published	07/30/2024	Peripheral Blood SmearCommon Errors{{c1::Chipped or rough edgeHesitationPushed too quicklyNot enough bloodBlood not allowed to spread acrossDirty or g…
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyIdentify{{c1::RBC}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyIdentify{{c1::Acanthocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyOther name: {{c1::Spur cell}}Morphology: {{c1::irregularly shaped with variably long protrusions and lacking central pallor}}Diseases: {…
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyIdentify{{c1::Target cell or Codocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyMorphology: {{c1::Hypochromic with "mexican hat/salad bowl/thin cup" and central concentration of hemoglobin with a peripheral ring}}Dis…
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyIdentify{{c1::Sickle cell or Drepanocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyMorphology: {{c1::elongated, sharp-pointed edge}}Disease: {{c1::Sickle cell anemia}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyIdentify{{c1::Rouleaux formation}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyMorphology: {{c1::"stack of coins" appearance}}Disease: {{c1::hyperglobulinemia (i.e. macroglobulinemia and myeloma)}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyIdentify{{c1::Reticulocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	RBC MorphologyUnique finding: {{c1::residual RNA}}Stain: {{c1::supravital stain}}Indicates: {{c1::working bone marrow}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountA: {{c1::RBC}}B: {{c1::Neutrophil}}C: {{c1::Band Neutrophil}}D: {{c1::Eosinophil}}E: BasophilF: LymphocyteG: MonocyteH: Platelet
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountA: RBCB: NeutrophilC: Band NeutrophilD: EosinophilE: {{c1::Basophil}}F: {{c1::Lymphocyte}}G: {{c1::Monocyte}}H: {{c1::Platelet}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountNumber of nuclear lobes: {{c1::2-5}}Granules: {{c1::rare primary and abundant secondary}}Increased in: {{c1::bacterial infection and…
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountIdentify{{c1::Neutrophil Segmenter}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountIdentify{{c1::Band Neutrophil}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountIdentify{{c1::Lymphocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountMorphology: {{c1::round to oval and slightly indented}}Increased in: {{c1::viral infection and chronic inflammation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountIdentify{{c1::Monocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountMorphology: {{c1::kidney bean shaped nucleus with "brain-like" convolution}}Increased in: {{c1::TB, leukemias, syphilis, protozoal i…
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountIdentify{{c1::Eosinophil}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountMorphology: {{c1::eosinophilic granules and bilobed nuclei}}Increased in: {{c1::parasitic infections and allergic reactions}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountIdentify{{c1::Basophil}}
Published	07/30/2024	Differential CountMorphology: {{c1::basophilic granules that can obscure the nucleus}}Increased in: {{c1::Severe allergy, Varicella, Variola, Myelopro…
Published	07/30/2024	9ea9dbe672534b24b4f73ea0000ab3d7-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	Platelet EstimationIdentify{{c1::Platelet}}
Published	07/30/2024	Platelet EstimationNormal blood film: {{c1::1 platelet per 15-20 RBCs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Platelet Estimation{{c1::<1 platelet}}: decreased number{{c1::several platelets with occasional clumps}}: adequate{{c1::>25 platelets}}: increas…
Published	07/30/2024	dce7f4a4abd045148be0b0799893f2e8-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	Platelet EstimationIdentify{{c1::Thrombocytosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Platelet EstimationReactive Conditions that can present Thrombocytosis{{c1::Transient processSustained processSecondary to connective tissue disorder}…
Published	07/30/2024	Platelet EstimationSeen in: {{c1::acute blood loss, acute and chronic inflammation, exercise, IDA, hemolytic anemia, Asplenia, Cancer,  TB, Drug …
Published	07/30/2024	Platelet EstimationIdentify{{c1::Giant Platelet}}Clue: Refer to the RBC for size
Published	07/30/2024	Platelet EstimationSeen in: {{c1::May-Hegglin anomaly, Bernard-Soulier Syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical Exam of Urine{{c1::Color, Transparency, Specific Gravity, pH}}Chemical Examination of Urine{{c1::Protein, Glucose, Ketone, Bilirubi…
Published	07/30/2024	Urinalysis{{c1::Random Specimen}}: most common{{c1::First Morning}}: ideal and most concentrated{{c1::Fasting}}: second voided urine specimen for gluc…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical ExamColor{{c1::Orange Urine}}Pathologic: {{c2::bilirubin}}Non-pathologic: {{c2::rhubarb and carrots}}Drugs: {{c2::phenazopyridine}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical ExamColor{{c1::Dark Yellow}}Pathologic: {{c2::bilirubin, urobilin}}Non-pathologic: {{c2::carrots, concentrated}}Drugs: {{c2::fluore…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical ExamColor{{c1::Green}}Pathologic: {{c2::oxidized bilirubin, Biliverdin, Pseudomonas}}Non-pathologic: {{c2::Vitamin B}}Drugs: {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical ExamColor{{c1::Red or Pink}}Pathologic: {{c2::RBCs, Hgb, Mgb, Porphyrin}}Non-pathologic: {{c2::beets}}Drugs: {{c2::Benzene, Acetoph…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical ExamColor{{c1::Brown of Black}}Pathologic: {{c2::biliary pigment, melanin, homogentisic acid}}Non-pathologic: {{c2::rhubarb}}Drugs:…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical ExamColor{{c1::Pale yellow}}Pathologic: {{c2::DM, DI}}Non-pathologic: {{c2::Large fluid intake}}Drugs: {{c2::diuretics}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical ExamSpecific GravityNV: {{c1::1.003-1.035}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisPhysical ExamSpecific GravityCauses of Turbidity{{c1::Presence of phosphates, carbonates, crystals, RBC, leukocytes, epithelium}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisChemical Strip PrinciplesGlucose: {{c1::Double Sequential Enzyme Reaction}}Bilirubin: {{c1::Diazo reaction}}Ketone: Sodum nitroprusside reac…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisChemical Strip PrinciplesGlucose: Double Sequential Enzyme ReactionBilirubin: Diazo reactionKetone: {{c1::Sodum nitroprusside reaction}}Spec…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisChemical Strip PrinciplesGlucose: Double Sequential Enzyme ReactionBilirubin: Diazo reactionKetone: Sodum nitroprusside reactionSpecific Gra…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisChemical Strip PrinciplesGlucose: Double Sequential Enzyme ReactionBilirubin: Diazo reactionKetone: Sodum nitroprusside reactionSpecific Gra…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisChemical Strip PrinciplesGlucose: Double Sequential Enzyme ReactionBilirubin: Diazo reactionKetone: Sodum nitroprusside reactionSpecific Gra…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisMicroscopic Reporting (LPO)Casts: {{c1::number of casts/coverslip}}Cells: {{c1::few, occasional, moderate, or many OR +, ++, +++, ++++}}Crys…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisMicroscopic Reporting (HPO)RBC/WBC: {{c1::Average of cells in 10 fields/hpf}}Yeast or Bacteria: {{c2::Few, occasional, moderate or many…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsIdentify{{c1::Hyaline Cast}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsSeen in: {{c1::heavy exercise and renal disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsIdentify{{c1::RBC Cast}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsSeen in: {{c1::Intrinsic renal disease, Acute glomerulonephritis, Acute interstitial nephritis, Severe nephritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsIdentify{{c1::WBC Cast}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsSeen in: {{c1::renal inflammation and infection, pyelonephritis, Chronic renal disease, Acute glomerulonephritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsIdentify: {{c1::Renal Tubular Epithelial Cast}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsSeen in: {{c1::interstitial tubular disease, vascular disease, Toxins, glomerulonephritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsIdentify{{c1::Granular Cast}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsSeen in: {{c1::exercise, stress, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsIdentify{{c1::Waxy cast}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsSeen in: {{c1::Tubular obstruction, severe chronic renal failure, malignant hypertension, acute renal disease, DM}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsIdentify{{c1::Fatty cast}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCastsSeen in: {{c1::conditions causing lipiduria such as nephrotic syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Calcium carbonate}}Morphology: {{c1::dumb-bell or spherical}}Significance: {{c1::none}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Calcium phosphate}}Appearance: {{c1::clusters or rosettes of needles}}Seen in: {{c1::renal calculi and normal urine}…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Ammonium biurate}}Appearance: spherical bodies with irregular spicules (thorny apple)Seen in: {{c2::old urine}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Uric acid crystals}}Seen in: {{c1::renal stones, gout, high purine metabolism, acute febrile conditions, chronic nep…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Calcium oxalate}}Appearance: envelope with intersecting diagnonal linesSeen in: {{c1::oxalate rich foods, large dose…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Hippuric acid}}Appearance: elongated prism or plate with pyramidal endsSeen in: {{c1::high fruit and vegetable diet,…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Sodium urate}}Significance: {{c1::none}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Amorphous urate}}Significance: {{c1::none}}Appearance: {{c1::brick dust}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Triple Phosphate }}Appearance: {{c1::coffin lid}}Seen in: {{c1::renal calculi, chronic pyelitis, enlarged prost…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Cystine}}Seen in: {{c1::metabolic defects in cystine metabolism}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCrystalsIdentify: {{c1::Leucine}}Shape: spheroid with radial and concentric striationSeen in: {{c1::MSUD, Severe liver disease, Terminal cir…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCellsIdentify: {{c1::RBC}}Normal value: {{c1::0-3/hpf}}Significance: {{c1::from any part of the urinary tract, glomerulonephritis, trauma, s…
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCellsIdentify: {{c1::WBC}}Seen in: {{c1::pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, UTI}}NV: {{c1::0-5/hpf}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCellsIdentify: {{c1::squamous epithelium}}NV: {{c1::Few}}Seen in: {{c1::vaginal contamination}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCellsIdentify: {{c1::Renal epithelium}}Seen in: {{c1::Tubular injury, damage to basement membrane}}From: {{c1::collecting duct}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCellsIdentify: {{c1::transitional epithelium}}Seen in: {{c1::bladder disease and renal pelvis disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisCellsIdentify: {{c1::Oval Fat body}}Seen in: {{c1::Nephrotic syndrome, tubular epithelial degeneration of nephron}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisOrganismsIdentify{{c1::Trichomonas vaginalis}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisOrganismsIdentify: {{c1::Enterobius vermicularis}}
Published	07/30/2024	UrinalysisOrganismsIdentify: {{c1::Schistosoma haematobium}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCollectionStorage TempTube 1: {{c1::Frozen}}Tube 2: {{c1::Room temp}}Tube 3: {{c1::Refrigerated}}Additional tube: {{c1::Frozen}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCollectionTotal volume: {{c1::90-150 ml}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCollectionNormal Clarity{{c1::Transparent with consistency of water}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCollectionIdentify cause of color1: {{c1::Normal}}2: {{c1::Blood vessel punctured}}3: {{c1::Xanthochromic}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCollectionB: {{c1::Hemorrhage}}D: {{c1::Traumatic tap}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCollectionA: {{c1::Neutrophil}}B: {{c1::Monocyte}}C: {{c1::Lymphocyte}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCollectionIdentify: {{c1::Traumatic tap}}Findings:{{c2::(-) Latex agglutination for D-dimerNormal CSF pressure and protein}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCollectionIdentify: {{c1::Subarachnoid Hemorrhage}}Findings: {{c2::(+) Latex agglutination test for D-dimer, Increased CSF pressure and protei…
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCell CountRoutine: {{c1::WBC count}}Normal adult WBC: {{c1::0-5 cells/uL}}Normal newborn WBC: {{c1::30 WBC/uL}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCell CountSeen in: {{c1::Meningitis (bacterial), cerebral abscess, subdural empyema, seizure, hemorrhage, CNS infarct, repeated lumbar punctur…
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCell CountSeen in: {{c1::viral meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, fungal meningitis, L. monocytogenes, parasitic infection, MS, inflammatory condi…
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCell CountSeen in: {{c1::parasitic infection, fungal infection, Rickettsial meningitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	CSFCell CountSeen in (neutrophil): {{c1::tuberculous meningitis, fungal meningitis, chronic bacterial meningitis}}Seen in (non-neutrophil): {{c1::vira…
Published	07/30/2024	FOBTTestIdentify principle: {{c1::Catalysis of oxidation of guaiaconic acid}}
Published	07/30/2024	FOBTTestPositive result: {{c1::turns blue indicates presence of blood}}Negative result: {{c1::no change}}
Published	07/30/2024	FOBTTestSignificance: {{c1::colonic tumor}}
Published	07/30/2024	FOBTTestSensitivity: {{c1::15-30%}}
Published	07/30/2024	FOBTTestNon-malignant causes of bloody stool:{{c1::Hemorrhoids, colitis, diverticulitis, local trauma}}
Published	07/30/2024	Quantitiative TestTestIdentify: {{c1::Micral or Microalbumin Test}}
Published	07/30/2024	Quantitiative TestTestIdeal specimen: {{c1::first morning urine}}Positive: {{c1::when at least 2 out of 3 urines produced a color corresponding to 20m…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingABO Blood Type Forward TypingReverse TypingAkaDirectIndirect/BackwardDetectsUnknown {{c1::antigen }}on RBCUnknown {{c1::antibodies }…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingABO Blood Type Forward TypingReverse TypingBlood GroupAnti-AAnti-BA-cellsB-cells{{c1::A}}{{c2::+}}{{c2::0}}{{c2::0}}{{c2::+}}{{c3::B…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingRh Blood Type Rh TypingWeak D (Du)Detects{{c1::Only D antigens}}{{c2::Du factor}} Reagents{{c1::Anti-D serum}}NSS, 22% BSA{{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Banking Rh Blood TypeRh (+): {{c1::presence of D antigen}}Rh (-): {{c1::further testing for presence of weak D with the use of AHG}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingRh Blood TypeDu (-): {{c1::Rh negative}}Du (+): {{c1::if patient: Rh (-); if donor: Rh (+)}}
Published	07/30/2024	d8bacbf2f4974532a8a5956e4e008d93-oa-1
Published	07/30/2024	d8bacbf2f4974532a8a5956e4e008d93-oa-2
Published	07/30/2024	d8bacbf2f4974532a8a5956e4e008d93-oa-3
Published	07/30/2024	d8bacbf2f4974532a8a5956e4e008d93-oa-4
Published	07/30/2024	d8bacbf2f4974532a8a5956e4e008d93-oa-5
Published	07/30/2024	d8bacbf2f4974532a8a5956e4e008d93-oa-6
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingABOIdentify ABO: {{c1::AB}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingABOIdentify ABO: {{c1::O}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingABOIdentify ABO with Rh: {{c1::A+}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingABOIdentify ABO with Rh: {{c1::B-}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingCrossmatchMajor Crossmatch: {{c1::Patient Serum; Donor RBC}}Minor Crossmatch: {{c1::Patient RBC; Donor Serum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingCrossmatchCompatible: {{c1::no agglutination}}Incompatible: {{c1::agglutination}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingCrossmatchMajorMinorInterpretationSafe to transfuse?00{{c1::Compatible}}{{c1::Yes}}+0{{c2::Major incompatibility}}{{c2::No}}++{{c3::Absol…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood Banking CrossmatchInterpretation: {{c1::Compatible}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingCrossmatchInterpretation: {{c1::Major Incompatibility}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingCrossmatchInterpretation: {{c1::Absolute Incompatibility}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingCrossmatchInterpretation: {{c1::Minor Incompatibility}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsFamiliarize {{c1::me}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsIdentify: {{c1::Whole blood}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsContent: {{c1::450mL ± 10% of blood + 63mL of CPDA-1 anticoagulant}}Hct: {{c1::40%}}Hgb: {{c1::45g/unit}}Storage:&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsIdentify: {{c1::pRBC with blood transfusion set}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsVolume: ~250mLHct: {{c1::75%}}Hgb: {{c1::45g/unit}}Storage: {{c1::1-6 °C}}Shelf life: {{c1::35 days}}Indications: {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsIdentify{{c1::Random Platelet Concentrate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsContent:{{c1:: 5.5 x 1010 platelet/unit}}Storage: {{c1::20-24 °C with constant agitation}}Shelf life: {{c2::5 d…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsIdentify: {{c1::Fresh Frozen Plasma}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsVolume: ~220mLContent: {{c1::coagulation factors}}Storage: {{c1::≤ (-18) °C}}Shelf life: {{c1::12 months}}Indication…
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsIdentify: {{c1::Cryoprecipitate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood BankingBlood ComponentsVolume: ~15mLContent: {{c1::At least 150 mg fibrinogen, 80 μ/bag of Factor VIII; vWF}}Storage: {{c1::≤ (-18) °C…
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulation StudiesIdentify based on materials{{c1::Clotting Time}}NV: {{c1::Slide: 2-4 minutes; Tube: 2-6 minutes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulation StudiesIdentify based on materials{{c1::Lee and White Method}}NV: {{c1::7-14 minutes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulation StudiesIdentify based on procedure{{c1::Duke's Method}}NV: {{c1::2-5 minutes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulation StudiesIdentify based on materialsIdentify: {{c1::McFarland Modification}}NV: {{c1::44-67%}}
Published	07/30/2024	Coagulation StudiesIdentify based on materials{{c1::Ivy's method}}NV: {{c1::<5 mins}}
Published	08/02/2024	{{c1::biggus dickus}}
Status	Last Update	Fields