Notes in IX. Neuroblastic Tumor

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Published	12/09/2024	It is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and the most frequently diagnosed infant malignancy
Published	12/09/2024	Young children:
Published	12/09/2024	Older children:
Published	12/09/2024	NEUROBLASTIC TUMORS:Germline mutations in {{c1::ALK gene}}{{c1::Somatic gain-of-function}} ALK mutations
Published	12/09/2024	Malignant Tumors:The most common malignant tumor encountered in pediatric patients is {{c1::leukemia}}
Published	12/09/2024	Malignant Tumors:Because of their primitive histologic appearance, many childhood tumors have been collectively referred to as {{c1::small round new c…
Published	12/09/2024	These include tumors of the {{c1::sympathetic ganglia}} and {{c1::adrenal medulla}} that are derived from {{c2::primordial neural crest cells}} popula…
Published	12/09/2024	Histologically:They are composed of small primitive appearing cells with dark nuclei, scant cytoplasm, and poorly defined cell borders growing in soli…
Published	12/09/2024	Such tumors may be difficult to differentiate morphologically from other small round blue cell tumors → With {{c1::mitotic activity}}, {{c1::karyorrhe…
Published	12/09/2024	It is a faintly eosinophilic fibrillary material that corresponds to neuritic processes of the primitive neuroblast
Published	12/09/2024	These ganglion cells can be seen in various stages of maturation so that it may be found in tumors mixed with primitive neuroblasts, termed as
Published	12/09/2024	At what stage, is the localized tumor completely excised, with or without microscopic residual disease; and representative ipsilateral nonadherent lym…
Published	12/09/2024	At what stage, is the localized tumor resected incompletely grossly; and representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes are negative for tumor mic…
Published	12/09/2024	At what stage, is the localized tumor with or without complete gross excision, and ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes is positive for tumor?
Published	12/09/2024	At what stage, is the unresectable unilateral tumor infiltrating across the midline with or without regional lymph node involvement; Or localized unil…
Published	12/09/2024	At what stage, is any primary tumor with dissemination to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, skin, and/or other organs?
Published	12/09/2024	At what stage, is localized primary tumor (as defined for stage 1, 2A, or 2B) with dissemination limited to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow (<10% o…
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