Notes in 24 GI Bleeding

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Visible sign of blood loss1. Overt bleeding 2. Occult Bleeding{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Absent blood loss sign1. Overt bleeding 2. Occult Bleeding{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	First pathology to be considerated with chronic blood loss on occult bleeding {{c1::Malignancy of GI tract}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two diagnostic tests to be used to detect heme/hemoglobin in stool {{c1::Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Three forms of visible blood loss in overt GI bleeding {{c1::HematemesisMelenaHematochezia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most distal part of Upper GI Tract{{c1::Lower duodenum}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FHematemesis always indicates upper GI bleeding {{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or F Absence of hematemesis is a good indicator to rule out upper GI bleeding {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two characteristic forms of hematemesis {{c1::Frank bloodCoffee-ground material}}
Published	07/30/2024	In Cofee-ground Emesis The change is color of the blood due to the conversion of hemoglobin (red) by the {{c1::hydrochloric acid (HCl)}} to {{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Indicates slowed/stopped bleeding 1. Coffee-ground Emesis2. Bloody emesis {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Indicates active or massive bleeding1. Coffee-ground Emesis2. Bloody emesis {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hemoptysis bleeding is usually from the {{c2::lungs::organ}} or {{c1::pharngeal area::GI tract part}}
Published	07/30/2024	A patient with {{c1::hemoptysis::hematemesis or hemoptysis}} will never present with melena
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Frothy Blood1. Hemoptysis2. Hematemesis{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Melena indication 1. Upper GI bleeding 2. Lower GI bleeding {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::≥100 - 200}} mL blood in the upper GIT is required to cause melena which may persist for several days after bleeding has ceased
Published	07/30/2024	Melena indicates blood has been in GIT for ≥{{c1::14}} hours, and as long as {{c1::3-5}} days
Published	07/30/2024	If you see hematochezia from UGI bleeding, what should you expect?{{c1::Low BPRapidly dropping HgB}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Black, tarry, foul-smelling stools 1. Melena2. Hematochezia {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Bright red or maroon blood1. Melena2. Hematochezia {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Blood is mixed with the stool1. Bleeding in cecum 2. Bleeding in rectum {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Blood coats outside of stool1. Bleeding in cecum 2. Bleeding in rectum {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Patient symptoms associated with GI bleeding {{c1::Palor LightheadednessDizziness/ConfusionSyncopeEasy fatigabilityAnginaDyspnea}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FThe rate and chronicity of GI bleeding can manifest in different manner{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Landmark to separate upper and lower GIT{{c1::Ligament of Treitz}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1. GI Bleeding 2. BUN {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common cause of upper GI bleeding{{c1::Peptic ulcer disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Possible causes of PUD {{c1::H pylori infection NSAID - induced disruption HCl hypersecretion}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::10pm to 2am::Specific time}} - peak acid output of the stomach
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for PUD{{c1::IV or Oral PPI}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Penetrate up to the submucosa1. Erosion 2. Ulcer{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type of pain associated with PUD {{c1::Burning or lancinating}}
Published	07/30/2024	GI Pathology associated with night distress due to peak acid output {{c1::Peptic ulcer disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Determine the forrest criteria Active beeding (spurting){{c1::1a}}
Published	07/30/2024	Determine the forrest criteria Active beeding (Oozing){{c1::1b}}
Published	07/30/2024	Determine the forrest criteria Non-bleeding visible vessel (the nipple-like lesion){{c1::2a}}
Published	07/30/2024	Determine the forrest criteria Clots at the base of the ulcer{{c1::2b}}
Published	07/30/2024	Determine the forrest criteria Black spots in the base {{c1::2c}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type of ulcer based on forrest criteria with highest chance of rebleeding {{c1::Class 1a - Spurting}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Risk of rebleeding 1. Spurting 2. Oozing {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Risk of rebleeding 1. Oozing - active bleeding2. Visible non-bleeding vessel{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Familiarize with the endoscopic stigmata and risk of bleeding {{c1::}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Hypersecretion 1. Gastric ulcer2. Duodenal ulcer {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Timing of pain 1-2 hrs after meal1. Gastric ulcer2. Duodenal ulcer {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Pain exacerbated by meal1. Gastric ulcer2. Duodenal ulcer {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Vomiting is uncommon 1. Gastric ulcer2. Duodenal ulcer {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC.Hemorrhage is likely  1. Gastric ulcer2. Duodenal ulcer {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Part of GI tract layer affected by erosive disease{{c1::Mucosa - Do not cause major bleeding}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common cause of erosive disease of GI tract{{c1::NSAID}}
Published	07/30/2024	Give possible causes of GI erosive diseases{{c1::Alcohol H. pylori Stress-related mucosal injury}}
Published	07/30/2024	Portal hypertension is defined as the elevation of the hepatic venous gradient (HPVG) to more than {{c1::5}}mmHg
Published	07/30/2024	System of blood vessels that drain the GIT, usually passes through the {{c1::liver::organ}} through the portal tract
Published	07/30/2024	Give common causes of portal hypertension {{c1::Liver cirrhosis MicrothrombiVasodilation of splanchnic bed}}
Published	07/30/2024	What manifestation form of GI bleeding will a px with variceal bleeding present?{{c1::Hematochezia with hemodynamic instability}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FLiver cirrhosis is not the only cause of portal HTN {{c1::True}}
Published	07/30/2024	Standard of treatment in actively bleeding varices{{c1::Endoscopic ligation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pharmacologic treatment of esophageal ruptured varices{{c1::OctreotideSomatostatin}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Treatment of ruptured esophageal varices 1. Octreotide2. Beta-blockers {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Prevention of ruptured esophageal varices 1. Octreotide2. Beta-blockers {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FAny form of ruptured esophageal and gastric varices can be endoscopically ligated as a form of treatment {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for gastric variceal bleeding {{c1::Histoacryl injection}}
Published	07/30/2024	GI pathology associated with "snake skin-mosaic pattern" on endoscopy {{c1::Portal gastropathy caused by INC portal pressure}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for portal gastropathy {{c1::Non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB)Iron repletion TIPS for refractory}}
Published	07/30/2024	Determing the GI pathology with the ff. manifestationsProgressive dysphagiaIntermittent or low-flow bleedingWeight lossAnemia{{c1::Esophageal malignan…
Published	07/30/2024	Determing the GI pathology with the ff. manifestationsEpigastric pain/ massVomiting/Early satiety Weight loss Intermittent and low-flow blee…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Mallory-Weiss Tear}} - linear mucosal tears near or across the gastroesophageal junction
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for Mallory-Weiss Tear {{c1::Endoscopic sclerotherapyHemostatic clipsEmbolizationSurgery}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mallory-Weiss Tear presents with hematemesis preceded by {{c1::vomiting, coughing, or retching::symptom}}
Published	07/30/2024	GI pathology associated with vascular lesion/ectasias{{c1::Angiodysplasia (flat)Dieulafoy lesion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common cause of significant small intestinal GIB in children{{c1::Meckel’s Diverticulum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Small-intestinal GIB may account for {{c1::~5}}% of GIB cases
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Presents with INC BUN 1. Upper GI Bleeding 2. Lower GI Bleeding {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Px with hematochezia and hemodynamic instability 1. Upper GIB 2. Lower GIB {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common cause of lower GI bleeding {{c1::Hemorrhoids}}
Published	07/30/2024	Anus landmark demarcation for classification of internal and external hemorrhoids{{c1::Dentate line}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. Presents with constant pain 1. Internal hemorrhoids 2. External hemorrhoids{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cause of anal fissures{{c1::Trauma during defecation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lower GI bleeding pathology that is more painful compared to hemorrhoids {{c1::Anal fissures}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diverticulosis commonly affects the {{c1::sigmoid::Lower GI tract}} (left side), but common site of bleeding is {{c2::ascending colon::Lower GI Tract}…
Published	07/30/2024	Sac-like herniation of the mucosa and submucosa through the muscularis propria of the colon{{c1::Diverticulosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most common cause of new-onset hematochezia in more than 60 y/o{{c1::Diverticular Bleeding}}
Published	07/30/2024	Only {{c1::20}}% of those diagnosed with diverticulitis has bleeding
Published	07/30/2024	Age group at risk for ischemic colitis {{c1::Elderly patients}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vascular ectasia of the small intestine or the right side of the colon{{c1::AV malformations}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lower GI pathology due to lack of blood flow to superficial cells of the colon{{c1::Ischemic colitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Colonoscopy should be routinely done in all individuals starting at age {{c1::50}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lower GI pathology with imaging finding of napkin-ring sign or apple core deformity{{c1::Colonic neoplasms}}
Published	07/30/2024	Immune-mediated chronic intestinal condition{{c1::Inflammatory bowel disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC. IBD with Cobblestone appearance 1. Chron’s diseases2. Ulcerative colitis{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Give infectious vectors that cause infectious colitis {{c1::AmoebicSalmonellosisCampylobacter}}
Published	07/30/2024	Upper GI pathology associated with hematemesis preceded by coughing episodes{{c1::Mallory Weiss tear}}
Published	07/30/2024	Severe GI bleeding DEC in hematocrit: {{c1::> 6%::%}}DEC in hemoglobin: {{c2::≥ 2g/dL::g/dL}}
Published	07/30/2024	No of packed RBC to be transfused with px that experience severe GI bleeding {{c1::Transfusion of ≥ 2 units of packed RBC}}
Published	07/30/2024	Associated factors with severe GI bleeding (vitals){{c1::Shock or orthostatic hypotensionOrthostatic tachycardiaINC RRDecrease in hematocrit or Hgb}}
Published	07/30/2024	Orthostatic HypotensionSBP change: {{c2::≥ 20mmHg}}DBP change: {{c1::≥ 10mmHg}}
Published	07/30/2024	How much INC in HR for px under severe GI bleeding?{{c1::15-20 beats/min}}
Published	07/30/2024	Stigmata of Chronic Liver Disease{{c1::Variceal bleedingSpider angiomasPalmar erythemaGynecomastiaLoss of body hairsTesticular atrophyParotid gland en…
Published	07/30/2024	Stigmata of Portal Hypertension{{c1::AscitesCaput medusaeSplenomegalyLeg edema}}
Published	07/30/2024	If you see Virchow's nodes, think of {{c1::GI malignancy (gastric or colonic cancer)}}
Published	07/30/2024	PE exam needed for all px with GI bleeding {{c1::Rectal exam}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic test routinely performed to evaluate GI bleeding {{c1::Endoscopy}}
Published	07/30/2024	CBA. Endoscopy Usually have balloons to “accordion” the small intestinesA. Flexible sigmoidoscopyB. Enteroscopy (Small Intestinal Endoscopy)…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Capsule Endoscopy}} - The patient swallows a pill with a camera and images are seen through a monitor
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic test utilized for overt obscure GI bleeding {{c1::Radionuclide Scan/Red Cell Tagging}}
Status	Last Update	Fields