Notes in Bacterial Skin Infections

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	11/11/2024	It is an infection of the surface of the epidermisMost common skin infections in children
Published	11/11/2024	Gram(+) cocci in clusters; agent of Impetigo
Published	11/11/2024	Gram(+) cocci in chains or pairs; agent of impetigo
Published	11/11/2024	Organisms that cause Impetigo (2)
Published	11/11/2024	Staphylococcus aureusCatalase {{c1::(+)::(+) or (-)}}Coagulase {{c1::(+)::(+) or (-)}}
Published	11/11/2024	Group A StreptococcusCatalase {{c1::(-)::(+) or (-)}}{{c2::Beta::alpha or beta}} Hemolytic
Published	11/11/2024	Group A Streptococcus{{c2::Sensitive::Sensitive or Resistant}} to {{c1::Bacitracin }}Possesses {{c1::M Protein}} Produces {{c1::Streptolysin…
Published	11/11/2024	Group A StreptococcusVirulence Factors:{{c1::Hyaluronidase}} Degrades hyaluronic acid (spreading factor)
Published	11/11/2024	Group A StreptococcusVirulence Factors:{{c1::Streptokinase(Fibrinolysin)}} Oppositeofcoagulase
Published	11/11/2024	Group A StreptococcusVirulence Factors:{{c1::DNASE (Streptodornase)}} Degrades DNA in exudates
Published	11/11/2024	Group A StreptococcusVirulence Factors:{{c1::C5a Peptidase}} InactivatescomplementC5a
Published	11/11/2024	Staphylococcus AureusVirulence Factors:{{c1::Protein A}} Prevents complete activations, binds IgG, preventing opsonization and phagocytosis
Published	11/11/2024	Staphylococcus AureusVirulence Factors:{{c1::Coagulase}} Allows insoluble fibrin formation, protecting it from phagocytosis
Published	11/11/2024	Staphylococcus AureusVirulence Factors:{{c1::Hemolysin (Cytotoxins)}} Toxic to hematopoietic cells
Published	11/11/2024	Staphylococcus AureusVirulence Factors:{{c1::Leukocidin}} Specific for WBCs
Published	11/11/2024	Staphylococcus AureusVirulence Factors:{{c1::Catalase}} Detoxifies hydrogen peroxide
Published	11/11/2024	Staphylococcus AureusVirulence Factors:{{c1::Penicillinase }}Secreted of beta-lactamase, disrupts beta lactam portion of the penicillin molecule
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Bullous Impetigo::Bullous vs NonBullous Impetigo}}Flaccid, transparent bullae developing into the skin
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Non Bullous Impetigo::Bullous vs NonBullous Impetigo}}Preceded by insect bite, abrasion,or lacerationTiny vesicles or pustules rapidly developin…
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of Impetigo:PCR detects {{c1::mecA}} gene for {{c2::MRSA}}
Published	11/11/2024	Treatment of Impetigo: {{c1::Topical mupirocin or retapamulin::Primary Approach}}
Published	11/11/2024	Treatment of Impetigo: Systemictherapy for lesions near the mouth,or widespread or deep involvement Ex. {{c1::Cephalexin}} 25-50mg/kg/day in 3-4 …
Published	11/11/2024	Treatment of Impetigo: For Methicillin sensitive SA (MSSA) → Penicillinase resistant penicillins (2nd gen penicillins): {{c1::Nafcillin}}, {{c1::…
Published	11/11/2024	Treatment of Impetigo: For Methicillin-resistantSA (MRSA) → {{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	11/11/2024	Treatment of Impetigo: For Vancomycin resistant SA (VRSA) → {{c1::Linezolid}}
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Cellulitis}} is an infectionof loose connective tissue with limited dermal involvement and sparing of the epidermis
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Cellulitis}} presents with an areaof edema,warmth, erythema, and tenderness within distinct margins
Published	11/11/2024	Organisms that cause cellulitis: {{c1::S.aureus}} and {{c1::S.pyogenes}}
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of cellulitis: {{c1::Usually done clinically}}
Published	11/11/2024	Is blood culture recommended for diagnosis of cellulitis?{{c1::NO}}
Published	11/11/2024	When is blood culture recommended for diagnosis of cellulitis?{{c1::When atypical pathogens are suspected}}
Published	11/11/2024	Treatment for cellulitis?{{c1::Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (Cloxacillin) or first generation cephalosporin (Cephalexin)}}
Published	11/11/2024	Causative agent Folliculitis, Furuncle, and Carbuncle: {{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}}
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Folliculitis}}Most superficial type of inflammation of the hair follicles Pyoderma that begins within the hair follicle
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Furuncle}} Infection of the hair follicle that goes into the deeper layers of skin A deep seated nodule that develops around a hair follicl…
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Carbuncle}} A group of infected hair follicles with pus Extremely painful
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of Folliculitis, Furuncle, and CarbuncleUsediagnostic and management algorithm for {{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}} under {{c2::localized …
Published	11/11/2024	Recalls: Erythema: {{c1::Cellulitis}} Honeycolored crusts: {{c1::Impetigo}}
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5095:top=.3832:width=.4798:height=.1804:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5095:top=.6428:width=.4776:height=.316…
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Acne}} : Common disorder of the pilosebaceous unit
Published	11/11/2024	4 elements of pathogenesis of Acne: {{c1::Follicular epidermal hyperproliferation}} {{c1::Sebum production}}{{c1::Presence and activity of P…
Published	11/11/2024	Clinical features {{c1::Comedones (whiteheads and blackheads)}} {{c1::Papules}} {{c1::Pustules (face, chest, back)}} {{c1::Nodules (face, chest, back)…
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Closed Comedone::Closed or Open Comedone}}The follicular infundibulum is distended, filled with keratin and sebum, and the follicular epithelium…
Published	11/11/2024	Open comedone resembles the closed comedone with the exception of a {{c1::patulous follicular ostium}}
Published	11/11/2024	{{c1::Inflammatory papule:: What Skin Lesion?}} Acute and chronic inflammatory cells surround and infiltrate the follicle, which shows infundibular hy…
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of Acne:{{c1::Clinical History and Physical Exam}}{{c1::Laboratory work up}}
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of Acne:Laboratory workup: Serum DHEAS(dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) of 4000-8000 =  {{c1::Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia}}
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of Acne:Laboratory workup: Serum DHEAS(dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) of >8000 = {{c1::Adrenal Tumor}}
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of Acne:Laboratory workup: Total testosterone of >150 = {{c1::Ovarian source of excess androgens}}
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of Acne:Laboratory workup: Total testosterone of 150-200 or Increased LH to FSH ratio = {{c1::found in PCOS}}
Published	11/11/2024	Diagnosis of Acne:Laboratory workup that is most sensitive for PCOS?  {{c1::Free testosterone}}
Published	11/11/2024	Treatment of Acne: Medication {{c1::Topical retinoid}} {{c1::Clindamycin}} {{c1::Adapalene}} {{c1::Salicylic acid}} {{c1::Corticosteroid}} {{c1::…
Published	11/11/2024	Treatment of Acne: Therapy{{c1::Extraction}} {{c1::Laser/Light Therapy}} {{c1::Photodynamic Therapy}}
Status	Last Update	Fields