Notes in Electrolyte Abnormalities

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	03/27/2023
Published	03/27/2023
Published	03/27/2023	SodiumThe {{c1::dominant}} extracellular ion Accounts for {{c1::nearly all of the osmotically active solute in the plasma and interstitial …
Published	03/27/2023	Sodium (Na+) PathophysiologyNa+ variations frequently occur along with derangements in total body water Total body water can be {{c1::increased, norma…
Published	03/27/2023	HyponatremiaNa+ < {{c1::136}} mEq/L The most {{c1::common}} electrolyte disorder encountered in clinical practice May occur in up to {{c1…
Published	03/27/2023	S/S of Hyponatremia:Hyponatremia symptoms related to {{c1::cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure and how rapidly hyponatremia occur…
Published	03/27/2023	Acute Hyponatremia & Brain Cell EdemaIn acute onset, symptoms typically occur when Na+ concentration are less than {{c1::120}} mEq/LHeadache, naus…
Published	03/27/2023	Chronic HyponatremiaOver several days, the brain responds by transporting {{c1::Na}}, {{c1::Cl}}, {{c1::K}}, and organic solutes from the cells into t…
Published	03/27/2023	Assessment of hyponatremia causes include: {{c1::Serum osmolality}}{{c1::TBW status}}{{c1::Urinary Na+ concentration }}Hyponatremia may exist in …
Published	03/27/2023	Causes of Hyponatremia: Serum Osmolarity Na+ normally the key determinant of {{c1::serum osmolality}}Hyponatremia may be {{c1::isotonic, hyp…
Published	03/27/2023	Hyponatremia Types & Causes:After excluding {{c1::hyperosmolality}} and {{c1::normal osmolality}} causes, look for causes of hypoosmolal…
Published	03/27/2023	Causes of HypoNat{{c1::Excess water retention}}{{c1::Decreased plasma Na+}} concentration from {{c1::loss of sodium}} {{c1::Diarrhea and vomiting…
Published	03/27/2023	Hyponatremia Treatment: Hypovolemic hyponatremia:Volume {{c1::resuscitation with normal saline}}If suspect renal sodium losses may be {…
Published	03/27/2023	Hyponatremia Treatment: Hypervolemic hyponatremia:{{c1::Withholding free water and loop diuretic for free water excretion}}Administration of&nbsp…
Published	03/27/2023	Hyponatremia Treatment: Acute symptomatic hyponatremia:Must be treated {{c1::promptly}}{{c1::Solute-free fluids}} held{{c1::Hypertonic …
Published	03/27/2023	Hyponatremia Treatment: Chronic symptomatic hyponatremia:Corrected {{c1::slowly to avoid risk of osmotic demyelination:rate of correction}}S…
Published	03/27/2023	Hyponatremia Treatment: Anesthetic Considerations:Correct significant and symptomatic hyponatremia {{c1::before}} surgery, if possible cancel:If …
Published	03/27/2023	TURP Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) Procedure involves: resection via a cystoscope with continuous irrigation of the bladder to a…
Published	03/27/2023	TURP Syndrome:Symptomatic hyponatremia, excessive intravascular volume, and edemaManifests with {{c1::cardiovascular signs of fluid overload and neuro…
Published	03/27/2023	TURP Syndrome TX{{c1::Terminate procedure}} Administer {{c1::of loop diuretics}} {{c1::Hypertonic saline if severe hypoosmolar hyponatremia with neuro…
Published	03/27/2023	HypernatremiaNa+ > {{c1::145}} mEq/L If severe Na+ > {{c1::160}} mEq/L, a 75% mortality may occur depending on underlying disease severity Less …
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