Notes in CZ4052 - Cloud Computing

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	04/16/2023	What are the 4 types of cloud services?
Published	04/16/2023	When using cloud services, users can scale their provisioned resources up and down independently, without communicating with the platform sysadmins di…
Published	04/16/2023	What are the advantages (for consumers) of on-demand self-service in a cloud computing context?
Published	04/16/2023	What are the benefits of cloud computing, from a providers perspective?
Published	04/28/2023	What are 3 key characteristics of cloud computing?
Published	04/16/2023	AWS EC2 is a service that allows users to spin up Linux or Windows VMs and run software on top of it. Is this an example of SaaS, IaaS, or PaaS?
Published	04/16/2023	Azure Database for PostgreSQL is a service that allows users to create Postgres Databases easily. AWS Beanstalk allows users to deploy web application…
Published	04/16/2023	Google Docs is a service that allows users to collaborate and make documents together using a browser. Is this an example of SaaS, IaaS, or PaaS?
Published	04/16/2023	At this SaaS Architectural Maturity Model Level, the only way to support multiple customers is to provide them with individual copies of an applicatio…
Published	04/16/2023	Select the options that fit SaaS Level 3 Maturity Model
Published	04/16/2023	Can a SaaS service deployed with a Level 3 architecture be scaled by adding more independent computational resources and a load balancer?
Published	04/16/2023	Which statement is false?
Published	04/16/2023	What are some disadvantages of Cloud Computing?
Published	04/16/2023	Which of the following is a limitation of Clos Topology networks?
Published	04/16/2023	A hosted architecture installs and runs the {{c1::virtualization}} layer as an application on top of an operating system
Published	04/16/2023	Which is more performant: A hypervisor architecture or hosted architecture?
Published	04/16/2023	Consider the following CPU Virtualization architectures:Full VirtualizationPara VirtualizationHardware-assisted VirtualizationOf these architectures, …
Published	04/16/2023	Which component is responsible for communication between a VM OS and hardware resources, in full virtualization?
Published	04/16/2023	In para-virtualization, VM communicates with the hypervisor for ________ instructions.
Published	04/16/2023	What are the components of a virtualization infrastructure in cloud services (like EC2)?
Published	04/16/2023	What are the steps of spinng up a VM on a cloud service, like EC2?
Published	04/16/2023	Para-virtualization requires modifications to the {{c1::guest kernel}} to be able to run the OS as an emulated instance.
Published	04/16/2023	What are the drawbacks of using para-virtualization?
Published	04/16/2023	Where is CPU scheduling on a VM basis managed in a physical server running multiple VMs?
Published	04/16/2023	What are the 2 factors to consider when weighing different scheduling algorithms?
Published	04/16/2023	What basic principle do fairness CPU scheduling algorithms use to determine CPU Allocation?
Published	04/16/2023	What is the difference between work-conserving and non work-conserving?
Published	04/16/2023	Between work-conserving and non work-conserving, which policy leads to higher system utilization?
Published	04/16/2023	In Simple Earliest Deadline First, a VM specifies the CPU usage it would like by submitting a tuple to the scheduler. The tuple has 3 elements, in the…
Published	04/16/2023	When using a Simple Earliest Deadline First policy, a scheduler maintains 2 variables, r_i and d_i. r_i refers to the {{c1::remaining CPU time for the…
Published	04/16/2023	What is a general formula to use to determine if a set of X VMs can be scheduled, if their tuples (s_i , p_i , x_i) is known?
Published	04/16/2023	If a system of VMs are schedulable when in non work-conserving mode, will it still be schedulable in work-conserving mode?
Published	04/17/2023	In stride scheduling, each VM is assigned a _______ value. This value is inversely proportionate to the number of _____ that a VM has. During each ite…
Published	04/17/2023	What are the components that a Stride Scheduler monitors? What are the steps involved in Stride Scheduling?
Published	04/17/2023	VMs with a higher stride value run more often. True or False?
Published	04/17/2023	VMs with a higher ticket count run more often. True or False?
Published	04/17/2023	What are the 3 attributes of a distributed system that we have to choose 2 from?
Published	04/17/2023	Realistically, in CAP Theorem, how many types of systems can we have, where we choose 2 out of 3 attributes to guarantee?
Published	04/17/2023	Consider a system that is CP in nature. What guarantee can the system offer, with regards to its availability?
Published	04/17/2023	How many, and what are the types of consistency models available for distributed systems?
Published	04/17/2023	Why do services offer eventual consistency, when strong consistency is a possible option?
Published	04/17/2023	After a network partition, how is data inconsistency resolved? How do we determine which data transaction to ignore?
Published	04/17/2023	In a system with 10 nodes, a network partition occurs. After a while, the network partition is fixed and both partitions are able to communicate. To r…
Published	04/25/2023	There is a system known as CAPTCHA. What is it's purpose, from the perspective of companies using it, and the companies that collect the results from …
Published	04/25/2023	What can the results of ReCaptcha be used for?Note: This does not refer to why ReCaptcha is implemented on websites. This question refers to what we c…
Published	04/25/2023	Which of these statements are true, with regards to Link Analysis & PageRank?
Published	04/25/2023	What is the Random Surfer in PageRank?
Published	04/25/2023	Besides CAP Theorem, there exists another acronym that describes the trade-offs in a distributed system with more completeness. What is it and what do…
Published	04/25/2023	Provide a concrete example where an attempt to balance workloads introduces a high communication cost.
Published	04/25/2023	In a distributed system, we attempt to improve system scalability by adding additional resources in a horizontally-scaled manner. What are some of the…
Published	04/25/2023	What is the MapReduce Workflow Architecture?
Published	04/28/2023	In MapReduce, there can be multiple Map processes and multiple Reduce processes. Select all the statements that are true.
Published	04/25/2023	Why is modulo hashing not a sufficient algorithm for distributing data across different nodes?
Published	04/25/2023	What are the 3 types of hashing methods used to determine where to store data in a distributed storage system?
Published	04/25/2023	What benefits do systems like HDFS and HBase Cluster have over traditional Network File systems and RAID?
Published	04/25/2023	What limitation of consistent hashing does the use of virtual nodes mitigate?
Published	04/26/2023	In a MapReduce system, what role does a master node play?
Published	04/26/2023	How does MapReduce handle failures for the following components:Map workerReduce workerMaster node
Published	04/26/2023	Besides the traditional jobs like Map & Reduce, what are some refinments we can use to improve MapReduce. Explain how each refinment benefits us.
Published	04/26/2023	Your company is considering implementing a MapReduce architecture, with combiners to improve performance. There are 2 possible options that fit within…
Published	04/26/2023	With horizontal scaling, there are some problems named below, that need to be addressed. Explain what each problem is. You do not have to provide solu…
Published	04/26/2023	When using consistent hashing and virtual nodes, what mechanism is traditionally used to store the locations of all data points, and handle routing?
Published	04/26/2023	What are some problems with using a Distributed Hash Table?
Published	04/26/2023	What alternative directory & routing system can we use, to avoid the problems faced by a Distributed Hash Table?
Published	04/28/2023	How does Directory-based Architecture handle routing of incoming requests? Explain the process with a sample scenario. If there are multiple mechanism…
Published	04/26/2023	What are the advantages of using Iterative Querying over Recursive Querying, in a Directory-based Architecture?
Published	04/26/2023	What are the advantages of using Recursive Querying, over Iterative Querying, in a Directory-based Architecture?
Published	04/26/2023	Directory-based Architectures are a form of distributed storage. Since data is stored across multiple different nodes, with different failure rates, f…
Published	04/26/2023	How is data consistency ensured in Directory-based Architecture?
Published	04/26/2023	How can we improve request throughput (mean response time) in a Directory-based Architecture?
Published	04/26/2023	When servicing incoming requests during peak network traffic period, a master node can become a bottleneck, even with mechanisms such as Iterative Que…
Published	04/26/2023	What are some concerns with load balancing, with regards to Directory-based Architectures?
Published	04/26/2023	In a distributed system, Fault Tolerance is ensured by the use of data replicas. What are some of the challenges to keep in mind when considering the …
Published	04/26/2023	When we implement strong consistency in a Directory-based Architecture, the master node and slow-working nodes can become bottlenecks, compr…
Published	04/26/2023	How can we improve the lookup performance of a Directory-based Architecture?
Published	04/26/2023	What is the difference between a Distributed Hash Table and a Distributed Lookup Service?
Published	04/26/2023	What are some benefits of cloud computing, from a consumers perspective?
Published	04/26/2023	What are some benefits of cloud services, from a providers perspective?
Published	04/26/2023	What are some limitations of cloud computing, from a consumers perspective?
Published	04/26/2023	AIMD is a protocol that increments a contention window size by 1 for every successful transmission, and halves the window after each failure. This sys…
Published	04/26/2023	Why are cloud services, like PaaS, IaaS, SaaS used?
Published	04/26/2023	In a system with n VMs(each VM has a tuple (si , pi , xi)), how do we determine if all VMs are schedulable?
Published	04/26/2023	Compare the behavior AP and CP systems during network partitions.
Published	04/26/2023	HELLO SASH (TESTING CARD)
Published	04/30/2023	What are two issues that we face when scaling out a database?
Published	04/30/2023	Give an example of a centralized and decentralized approach to data placement in a distributed database
Published	04/30/2023	In a directory-based architecture for a distributed key-value store, what are the two ways queries for values can be resolved?
Published	04/30/2023	What are the advantages/disadvantages for recursive/iterative queries in a directory based distributed key-value store?
Published	04/30/2023	How can data be made fault tolerant on a distributed key value store?
Published	04/30/2023	In a distributed key-value store, should we preferentially insrt new values to nodes with more storage available? How is this done?
Published	04/30/2023	In a distributed key-value store, what happens when a new node is added?
Published	04/30/2023	In Clos Topology, there are 4 factors that need to be decided upon: N, n, m, k. What are these 4 components?
Published	05/02/2023	What are the different types of data and instruction parallelization options available?
Published	05/02/2023	Provide some examples of SISD used in the real world
Published	05/02/2023	What is an example where SIMD is used in the real world?
Published	05/02/2023	What is a real-world example of MISD?
Published	05/02/2023	What is a real-world example of MIMD architecture?
Status	Last Update	Fields