Notes in 2CC3- Cardiorespiratory

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Published	08/21/2024	as time increases, intensity _____ and ATP demand ______
Published	08/21/2024	what is the preferred method of metabolsim
Published	08/21/2024	what is the percent contribution of aerobic and anaerobic systems at 2 mins?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the relative contributions of the phosphogen, glycolytic, and oxidative systems at 30 seconds fo exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the relative contributions of the phosphogen, glycolytic, and oxidative systems at 10 seconds of exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	what is the approx mean power and peak power of short burst exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	how much atp is produced per lactate molecule?
Published	08/21/2024	what is direct calorimetry based on the measure of?
Published	08/21/2024	how many kcal per liter of oxygen is produced?
Published	08/21/2024	what is the equation for RER?
Published	08/21/2024	what does an RER of 0.7, 1, and 0.85 say about %CHO and %FAT?
Published	08/21/2024	which is the most o2 efficient, fats or carbs?
Published	08/21/2024	what are 2 assumptions of RER?
Published	08/21/2024	limitations of RER
Published	08/21/2024	o2 uptak refers to ____ of __ _____ by the body
Published	08/21/2024	what determines the rate of o2 uptake?
Published	08/21/2024	average resting vo2?
Published	08/21/2024	____ vo2 is related to body size
Published	08/21/2024	relative vo2 at rest
Published	08/21/2024	what are the 2 determinants of vo2 max?
Published	08/21/2024	what controls o2 delivery to muscles
Published	08/21/2024	What controls O2 utilization?
Published	08/21/2024	What is a typical relative VO2 max in well trained males and females?
Published	08/21/2024	what are typical absolute vo2max values for active males and females?
Published	08/21/2024	more muscle use = ______
Published	08/21/2024	VO2 and workload have a ____ relationship
Published	08/21/2024	criteria for determining VO2 max
Published	08/21/2024	what is main contributor to energy at 50% intensity?
Published	08/21/2024	largest contribution to energy between 50-100% intensity?
Published	08/21/2024	largest contributor to energy aftre 150% intensity
Published	08/21/2024	lactate threshold reflects ability to ____ oxidative metabolism
Published	08/21/2024	lactate threshold is the....
Published	08/21/2024	lactate threshold usually occurs at ___ of VO2 max
Published	08/21/2024	the small increases in lactate correspond to the ______ system lags
Published	08/21/2024	at 50% intensity, what happens to muscle lactate and why?
Published	08/21/2024	which exercise intensity has a steeper increase in muscle lactate?
Published	08/21/2024	5 factors affecting muscle lactate
Published	08/21/2024	what three factors contribute to performance VO2?
Published	08/21/2024	what makes an individual efficient in terms of VO2 and lactate threshold?
Published	08/21/2024	what is easier to change with training and how is it done?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the 4 main fuels for exercise
Published	08/21/2024	as exercise intensity increases what happens to the % contribution of total energy from the 4 fuels?
Published	08/21/2024	What happens to the 4 fuels rate of energy use as exercise intensity increases?
Published	08/21/2024	how do you determine rate of energy use?
Published	08/21/2024	how do you determine the total kcal from either fat or cho?
Published	08/21/2024	what is the effect of exercise duration on the 4 fuels and why?
Published	08/21/2024	how do researchers measure muscle glycogen utilization?
Published	08/21/2024	how do you measure muscle uptake of FFA
Published	08/21/2024	why can't you directly measure TG in the muscle?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the 3 sources of hormones?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the 2 differences between peptide and steroid hormone features?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the two main functions of peptide hormones related to exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	glucagon is released at the _____ and increases liver _________ and _______. It acts on the enzyme ____ _____.
Published	08/21/2024	epinephrine is released at the _____ and increases muscle _________ and _______. It acts on the enzymes ____ _____ and ___.
Published	08/21/2024	what does the rate of blood hormones depend on?
Published	08/21/2024	which hormone goes down in concentration with exercise
Published	08/21/2024	in the second messenger system, do bindings result in different signals in the cells or the same signals?
Published	08/21/2024	what is the overall response time of the second messenger system?
Published	08/21/2024	which is the faster glut transporter?
Published	08/21/2024	what do calcium and insulin both do in an active muscle
Published	08/21/2024	how does exercise help type 2 diabetes
Published	08/21/2024	how does diabetes affect insuling receptors?
Published	08/21/2024	what determines if insulin is seen by muscle?
Published	08/21/2024	where is the insulin signal directed?
Published	08/21/2024	what does more blood flow allow for in terms of insulin?
Published	08/21/2024	what happens to blood glucose levels in diabetics when starting exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	why does blood glucose levels not change during exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the 3 ways we maintain blood glucose during exercise by using less glucose form blood?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the three key metabolic adaptations to training and describe them?
Published	08/21/2024	three things that allow for the decrease in CHO use after training and what measurements to they effect?
Published	08/21/2024	specifically what happens to RER with training at a given worload and why
Published	08/21/2024	what happens to lactate concentration at a given workload with training and why?
Published	08/21/2024	a _____ propertion of pyruvate gets converted to acetyl coA after training.
Published	08/21/2024	what are the three major CV adjustments to acute exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	AV valves regulate flow ____ heart (between ___ and _____)
Published	08/21/2024	with exercise does systole or diastole increase
Published	08/21/2024	what are the 4 stages of the cardiac cycle
Published	08/21/2024	what pressure is needed to open the semilunar valve
Published	08/21/2024	what is sytolic pressure around
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value of end diastolic volume?
Published	08/21/2024	what is preload
Published	08/21/2024	what is the definition of stroke volume
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for stroke volume at rest for an untrained individual?
Published	08/21/2024	what is the ejection fraction equation
Published	08/21/2024	what happens to edv, sv, and esv with exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	what happens to edv and esv with training?
Published	08/21/2024	what is the muscle pump
Published	08/21/2024	what does stretching of heart walls allow for?
Published	08/21/2024	what does the frank starling law state?
Published	08/21/2024	when is the force generated by contracting ventricle greater?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the typical SV values for an untrained male and female?
Published	08/21/2024	what are the typical SV values for a trained male and female?
Published	08/21/2024	what are typical Q values for trained and untrained males and females?
Published	08/21/2024	out of HRmax and SVmax which is more adjustable?
Published	08/21/2024	in a trained male what are typical values fro SVmax and Q max?
Published	08/21/2024	in a trained female what are typical values fro SVmax and Q max?
Published	08/21/2024	what is the Q increase in an UT person due to
Published	08/21/2024	what is the Q increase in trained persons due to
Published	08/21/2024	what are 2 assumptions when using HR to predict vo2max
Published	08/21/2024	what is the equation for heart rate reserve
Published	08/21/2024	what is the equation for training HR
Published	08/21/2024	does HRmax equal Vo2 max
Published	08/21/2024	what is a chrontropic influence on cardiac output?
Published	08/21/2024	whta is an inotropic influence on Q?
Published	08/21/2024	the ___ releases _____ and through the ___ ____ nerve, heart rate is increased and creates inotropic responses in the heart walls
Published	08/21/2024	what is the cause of the initial increase in HR during exercise
Published	08/21/2024	circulating NE does what to hr and sv?
Published	08/21/2024	what establishes bulk flow and driving pressure in the CV system
Published	08/21/2024	as surface area increases, blood flow velocity ____
Published	08/21/2024	flow is _____ to change in pressure between ends of a tube
Published	08/21/2024	what is the equation for flow
Published	08/21/2024	what is the equation for resistance?
Published	08/21/2024	what can increase flow dramatically?
Published	08/21/2024	5X increase in Q = ____x increase in blood to muscle
Published	08/21/2024	Relatively skeletal muscle blood flow increases from __% to __%
Published	08/21/2024	precapillary sphincters ____ ___ increased blood flow.
Published	08/21/2024	transit time during exercise is how much faster than rest?
Published	08/21/2024	increase in flow to active muscle increases up to 20 fold due to an increase in ___ and ___ arteriole vasodilation
Published	08/21/2024	what type of receptors respond to NE
Published	08/21/2024	NE causes vaso_____ in most tissues
Published	08/21/2024	ACh promotes vaso____ in skeletal muscle
Published	08/21/2024	epi causes vaso___ in heart and lung
Published	08/21/2024	describe the effect of nitric oxide
Published	08/21/2024	what does an increase in metabolic rate do to o2 and co2 levels in the muscle
Published	08/21/2024	what does the change in o2 and co2 during exercise trigger in blood vessels?
Published	08/21/2024	local factors cause vaso____ in active muscles
Published	08/21/2024	does o2 in arterial blood change with exercise
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for a-v difference?
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for a-v difference during exercise?
Published	08/21/2024	what it is the fick equation
Published	08/21/2024	what are the primary determinants of blood pressure?
Published	08/21/2024	what is peripheral resistance
Published	08/21/2024	what is the type of flow that occurs from the aorta to the arterioles and how is it caused
Published	08/21/2024	what allows for the loss of the pulsative flow and for drop in blood pressure
Published	08/21/2024	what is the name for smooth blood flow when measuring BP
Published	08/21/2024	the first and fifth korotkoff sounds represent what
Published	08/21/2024	what is the equation for mean arterial pressure
Published	08/21/2024	what does SBP-DBP represent
Published	08/21/2024	which blood pressure increases with dynamic exercise
Published	08/21/2024	during dynamic exercise vasodilation _____ peripheral resistance of the whole system
Published	08/21/2024	what is the valsalva maneuvar
Published	08/21/2024	intense muscle contraction acts like a BP cuff and blocks off blood flow through blood vessels, this _____ resistance
Published	08/21/2024	What is the BP response to resistance exercise
Published	08/21/2024	what equation is used to estimate workload of the heart
Published	08/21/2024	SBP starts _____ to begin with in hypertensive people
Published	08/21/2024	what type of exercise is SBP highest in
Published	08/21/2024	what is the big picture of hemodynamics (equation)
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for MAP at rest
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for MAP during heavy exercise
Published	08/21/2024	what are three main differences at the whole body level of the CV system between rest vs exercise
Published	08/21/2024	are there more changes in resistance or pressure at the whole body level
Published	08/21/2024	what is alveolar volume and the equation for it
Published	08/21/2024	what two parts are part of the repiratory zone (Va)
Published	08/21/2024	what is vital capacity
Published	08/21/2024	what is minute ventilation and the equation for it
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for tidal volume at rest
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for frquency of breath in a min at rest
Published	08/21/2024	what is alveolar ventilation (V.A) and the equation for it
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for VD at rest
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for VT during exercise
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for frequency during exercise
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical value for VD during exercise
Published	08/21/2024	V.I during exercise is ___x higher than rest and V.A during exercise is ___x higher than rest
Published	08/21/2024	after you reach your lactate threshold, you get ____ in ventilation due to ____ ions.
Published	08/21/2024	what are 4 things that influence the inspiratory center
Published	08/21/2024	what do chemoreceptors in the medulla sense?
Published	08/21/2024	what do chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid bodies sense
Published	08/21/2024	what is the key stimulus in exercise in terms of the respiratory center
Published	08/21/2024	what are the two parts to the neural component of the repiratory centre and what do they do
Published	08/21/2024	what is the anticipatory rise
Published	08/21/2024	when does humoral control occur in ventilation
Published	08/21/2024	what occurs during levelling off of ventilation
Published	08/21/2024	humoral changes ___ ____ response
Published	08/21/2024	ventilation ____ to maintain PAO2
Published	08/21/2024	what are 3 factors affecting gas exchange
Published	08/21/2024	what is the equation for finding PO2
Published	08/21/2024	what is the effect of water vapour on total volume of air and gas pressure for a given volume of air
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical drop in pressure of o2 in tracheal air
Published	08/21/2024	where is there a large drop in po2 in the body
Published	08/21/2024	what determines O2 bound to hemoglobin
Published	08/21/2024	the drop in po2 ____ in the vein during exercise
Published	08/21/2024	what is po2 in the veins during exercise
Published	08/21/2024	what is the pco2 in the veins during exercise
Published	08/21/2024	what is po2 in the arteries
Published	08/21/2024	what determines arterial o2 content
Published	08/21/2024	if you have Hb fully saturated but low concentration of Hb then you will have ___ content of o2
Published	08/21/2024	what is a normal range for Hb concentration
Published	08/21/2024	1 g Hb binds ____ ml of o2 when 100% saturated
Published	08/21/2024	what is the equation for blood o2 content
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical Hb saturation level
Published	08/21/2024	what is the small amount of o2 dissolved in plasma
Published	08/21/2024	the s-shape curve allows us to keep o2 levels in lungs fairly ___ and allows for _____ drop off at tissues
Published	08/21/2024	the larger the pressure difference in o2, the ____ it is to move O2
Published	08/21/2024	as you remove O2 from Hb, affinity _____
Published	08/21/2024	rigthward shift of the oxyHgb dissociation curve allows for _____ affinity
Published	08/21/2024	____ shift promotes oxygen off-loading
Published	08/21/2024	as temperature increases, oxyHgb curve shifts ___
Published	08/21/2024	as pH decreases, oxyHgb curve shifts ____
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical Cao2 value at rest
Published	08/21/2024	what is a typical Cvo2 value during exercise
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