Notes in 01-02 Intestinal Nematodes

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	All intestinal nematodes are oviparous except for {{c1::Trichinella spiralis}} which is larviparous
Published	07/30/2024	Adult nematodes or Roundworms are {{c1::nons::s/nons}}egmented
Published	07/30/2024	Adult nematodes or Roundworms have bodies covered by {{c1::cuticle}}
Published	07/30/2024	Adult nematodes or Roundworms have an {{c1::c::c/inc}}omplete digestive tract
Published	07/30/2024	Adult nematodes or Roundworms are {{c1::di::mon/di}}oecious
Published	07/30/2024	2 Types of intestinal nematode larva:{{c1::Rhabditiform typeFilariform type}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rhabditiform larva are in {{c1::free-living::free-living/infective}} stage
Published	07/30/2024	Filariform larva are in {{c1::infective::free-living/infective}} stage
Published	07/30/2024	Structure to identify for Rhabditiform larva: {{c1::esophagus which is expanded posteriorly into a bulb}}
Published	07/30/2024	Structure to identify for Filariform larva: {{c1::Notched tail helps in its identification}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Larval Length 1. Rhabditiform 2. Filariform{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichuris trichiura common name: {{c1::Whipworm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichuris trichiuraMOT: {{c1::Soil ingestion}}Infective Stage: {{c1::Embryonated egg}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichuris trichiura Location in humans: {{c1::SI in larvae, Cecum & Ascending colon in adults}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichuris trichiura Important Associated Diseases: Trichuriasis, {{c1::Rectal prolapse, Hypochromic anemia::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Trichuris trichiura, Capillaria philippinensis, Trichinella spiralis, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Hookworms::6 Intestinal Nematodes}} Dr…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Trichuris trichiura::Intestinal Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Stool Sample w/ Barrel-shaped, Football-shaped, Japanese Lantern unembryonat…
Published	07/30/2024	Trichuris trichiura M Features: {{c1::Tail is coiled with single spicule and retractile sheath::Tail}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichuris trichiura F Features: {{c1::Tail is straight and blunt::Tail}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Intestinal Nematode Length 1. M 2. F{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichuris trichiura Lifespan: {{c1::1 year}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichuris trichiura Oviposition Interval: {{c1::60-70}} days after infection
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria philippinensis common name: {{c1::Pudoc worm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria philippinensisMOT: {{c1::Raw fresh water or brackish fish containing infective larvae}}Infective Stage: {{c1::Embryonated egg (Brackish Fis…
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria philippinensis Location in humans: {{c1::Jejunum. Uterus for eggs lacking shells}}
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria philippinensis Important Associated Diseases: Pudoc Disease, {{c1::Borborygmi, and Malabsorption Syndrome (hypokalemia)::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Capillaria philippinensis::Intestinal Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Stool w/ Peanut/Guitar-shaped unembryonated egg with striated she…
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria philippinensis M Features: {{c1::Has a long chitinized copulatory unspined spicule sheath}}
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria philippinensis {{c1::T::T/At}}ypical F Features: {{c2::Oviparous with 8-10 eggs in uterus appearing in a single row}}
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria philippinensis {{c1::At::T/At}}ypical Features: {{c2::Viviparous with 40 - 45 eggs arranged in 2-3 rows}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichinella spiralis common name: {{c1::Threadworm/Muscle worm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichinella spiralisMOT: {{c1::Ingestion of infected meat (roadkill eating HAHAHAAH)}}Infective Stage: {{c1::Encysted Larva}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichinella spiralis Location in humans: {{c1::Skeletal muscle in larvae. SI in adults::differentiate adults and larvae}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichinella spiralis Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Trichinosis, Trichinelliasis, Trichiniasis, or Trichinellosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Can you freeze meat infected with Trichinella spiralis to destroy larvae?{{c1::N::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichinella spiralis M Features: {{c1::Cloaca has 2 pairs of conical papillae and 2 pairs of lobulated appendages}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichinella spiralis F Features: {{c1::Club-shaped uterus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichinella spiralis M & F Features: {{c1::Have tapered ends, composed of small orbicular non-papillated mouth::anterior end}}
Published	07/30/2024	When do Trichinella spiralis larva release from cysts?{{c1::After exposure to gastric acid and pepsin}}
Published	07/30/2024	When do Trichinella spiralis females release larve to encyst in muscle tissue?{{c1::After 1 week}}
Published	07/30/2024	Trichinella spiralis lifespan in the SI{{c1::4 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c4::Trichinella spiralis::parasite}} has two phases of disease: {{c1::Intestinal Phase}}{{c1::Muscle Invasion}}- Motile Larv…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Trichinella spiralis::Intestinal Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Muscle biopsy of encysted larvae, KNOTT Method or Membrane Filtration}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::KNOTT Method or Membrane Filtration}} -Trichinella spiralis diagnostic method that concentrates of venous blood taken during the perio…
Published	07/30/2024	Aside from Me and Albendazole, Trichinella spiralis also uses {{c1::Thiabendazole}} to reduce the number of potentially infection larvae
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularis common name: {{c1::Pinworm/Seatworm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularisMOT: {{c1::Ingestion of embryonated eggs, Inhalation of airborne eggs, Retroinfection, Re-infection}}Infective Stage: {{c1::Emb…
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularis Location in humans: {{c1::SI in larvae. Cecum in adults}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularis Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Enterobiasis or Oxyuriasis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Enterobius vermicularis}} - Most common helminth parasite of temperate regions where sanitation measures are relatively vigorous
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Enterobius vermicularis::Intestinal Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Scotch tape test after px wakes up for D-shaped, lopsided/asymmetrical/uneven…
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularis M & F Features: {{c1::Light yellow, lateral wings or cephalic alae, and prominent posterior esophageal bulb}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Enterobius vermicularis Occurrence 1. M 2. F{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularis M Features: {{c1::Curved tail and a single conspicuous copulatory spicule::Tail}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularis F Features: {{c1::Long, thin, sharply pointed tail::Tail}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gravid Enterobius vermicularis deposit eggs in {{c1::perianal folds}} where infection occurs via self-inoculation
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularis Lifespan: {{c1::2 months}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enterobius vermicularis Oviposition Interval: {{c1::30}} days after infection
Published	07/30/2024	Kinakamot kamot mo pwet mo especially sa gabi, ano kaya parasite nasayo?{{c1::Enterobius vermicularis}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Enterobius vermicularis and Hookworms::3 nematodes}} Drug of Choice: {{c1::Albendazole, Pyrantel pamoate::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	The Family {{c1::Ascariadadae}} is the largest of nematodes
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides common name: {{c1::Large intestinal roundworm or roundworm of man}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoidesMOT: {{c1::Ingestion of infected swine products, soil, uncooked vegetables, dogs, cockroaches, chicken, and dust}}Infective Stage:…
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides Location in humans: {{c1::Duodenum then Lungs in larvae. SI in adults}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides Lifespan: {{c1::1-2 years}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides Oviposition Interval: {{c1::60-90}} days after infection
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides Eggs are not easily destroyed by chemicals because of the lipid layer of their egg shells known as {{c1::ascarosides}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides Ova that are fertilized develop infectivity after {{c1::1 month}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides can cause mechanical obstruction of the bowel, bile, and ducts because of {{c1::migration when anesthetics or steroids are g…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Tetrachloroethylene::substance}} causes Ascaris lumbricoides to knot up
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides Infection Clinical Findings:{{c1::Loeffler's syndrome::disease}} is caused by Ascaris juveniles in the lungs causing pneumon…
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides allergic sensitization Clinical Findings: {{c1::Rashes, Eye pain, Asthma, Insomnia, Restlessness}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Ascaris lumbricoides::parasite}} has two phases of disease:{{c1::Intestinal Phase}}{{c1::Pulmonary Phase}}- Tissue damage and bacterial …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Ascaris lumbricoides::Intestinal Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Kato-katz Technique to demonstrate of fertilized eggs with thick and corticated or de…
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides {{c1::Unf::Unf/F}}ertilized Ova Distinct Features: thin shell, corticated, and has an amorphous mass of protoplasm
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Temperature 2. Ascaris lumbricoides eggs{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides {{c1::F::Unf/F}}ertilized Ova Distinct Features: thick shell, corticated or decorticated
Published	07/30/2024	Ascaris lumbricoides M Features: {{c1::Blunt and ventrally curved tail}}
Published	07/30/2024	Necator americanus common name: {{c1::New World Hookworm or American murderer}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ancyclostoma duodenale common name: {{c1::Old World Hookworm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ancyclostoma duodenale F Features: {{c1::Hook-like teeth::Buccal cavity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Necator americanus F Features: {{c1::Broad cutting plates in the ventrolateral margin of its buccal cavity.::Buccal cavity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two major hookworms include {{c1::Necator americanus and Ancyclostoma duodenale}}
Published	07/30/2024	HookwormsMOT: {{c1::Skin Penetration}}Infective Stage: {{c1::Filariform (L3) Larva}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworms Location in humans: {{c1::Distal jejunum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworms Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Ground itch, cutaneous larva migrans, iron deficiency anemia::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nothing}} distinguishes the two major species of hookworm eggs and larva
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::1/4::fraction}} of the world's population is probably infected with hookworms
Published	07/30/2024	A combo nematode infection usually includes {{c1::Hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura::3 nematodes}} infections because all …
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Occurrence in mines 1. Ancylostoma 2. Necator{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworm L3 Larvae lifespan in soil: {{c1::3-4 weeks}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworm Lifespan: {{c1::5-15 years. 1 year in mines. 3 weeks if exposed in a good environment}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cutaneous Larva Migrans::disease}} or {{c1::Creeping Eruption::other name}} is caused by {{c2::Ancyclostoma ceylanicum and Ancyclostoma brazilen…
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworm disease severityAsymptomatic: <25Light: {{c1::>24}}Moderate: {{c1::>100}}Severe: {{c2::>500}}Very Severe: {{c2::>1000}}Heavy I…
Published	07/30/2024	Ancyclostoma duodenale Survival Strategies: {{c1::Neutrophil Inhibition Factor (NIF) and Anti-blood clotting proteins}}
Published	07/30/2024	Necator americanus Survival Strategies: {{c1::Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, Anti-blood clotting proteins…
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworms have three phases of disease: {{c1::Cutaneous}} Phase{{c1::Migration/Pulmonary}} Phase{{c1::Intestinal}} Phase- {{c2::Ur…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Hookworms::Intestinal Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Embryonated egg with smooth color less shell and cannot distinguish between two species::Embryon…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Female Lifespan 1. Necator americanus 2. Ancyclostoma duodenale{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tx for asymptomatic hookworm infection is {{c1::iron replacement and dietary therapy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Stronglyoides stercoralis common name: {{c1::Threadworms}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stronglyoides stercoralis::nematode}} do not need to mate with male worms (parthenogenesis) and may even live an entire lifespan free-living
Published	07/30/2024	Stronglyoides stercoralis have three phases of disease:{{c1::Invasive}} Phase{{c1::Pulmonary}} Phase{{c1::Intestinal}} Phase- Skin penetr…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Corticosteroids::Drug}} are contradindicated in treating Stronglyoides stercoralis infection
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stronglyoides stercoralis and Toxocara spp::3 Intestinal Nematodes}} Diagnosis{{c2::Serologic tests::Method}}
Published	07/30/2024	Stronglyoides stercoralis F Features: {{c1::Free living state has a rhabditiform esophagus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Stronglyoides stercoralis M Features: {{c1::2 simple spicules, a gubernaculum, and pointed tail curved ventrally::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stronglyoides stercoralis::nematode}} Ova Distinct Features: Contains well developed larvae. Thin hyaline shell
Published	07/30/2024	Stronglyoides stercoralisMOT: {{c1::Skin Penetration of filariform (L3) larva}}Infective Stage: {{c1::Filariform (L3) Larva}}Diagnostic Stage: {{c1::R…
Published	07/30/2024	Stronglyoides stercoralisRhabditiform larva: {{c1::Free-living::Free-living/Parasitic}}Filariform larva: {{c1::Parasitic}}You can differentiate them t…
Published	07/30/2024	Stronglyoides stercoralis Drug of Choice: {{c1::Ivermectin. Albendazole, Thiabendazole are alternatives}}
Published	07/30/2024	Anisakis simplex Important Associated Diseases:  Anisakiasis AKA {{c1::Herring Disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ankisakis simplexMOT: {{c1::Ingestion of raw/undercooked fish or squid}}Infective Stage: {{c1::Filariform (L3) Larva}}Diagnostic Stage: {{c1::Filarifo…
Published	07/30/2024	Ankisakis simplex grow into adults in {{c1::marine mammals::host}}
Published	07/30/2024	Intestinal obstruction from Ankisakis simplex infection is usually seen within {{c1::7 days}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ankisakis simplex Drug of Choice: {{c1::Albendazole}}
Published	07/30/2024	Toxocara Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Toxocariasis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two major Toxocara spp. include {{c1::Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati}}
Published	07/30/2024	Toxocara canis common name: {{c1::Dog roundworm}}
Published	07/30/2024	Toxocara cati common name: {{c1::Cat roundworm}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Frequency of severe disease 1. Toxocara canis 2. Toxocara cati{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why are eggs not used in Toxocara diagnosis?{{c1::Humans are incapable of harboring adult worms that pass eggs. Humans are paratenic hosts for Toxocar…
Published	07/30/2024	The two pathologies of Toxocariasis include {{c1::Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM) and Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM)}}
Published	07/30/2024	You see a patient with vision loss in just 1 eye. What could be the parasitic nematode?{{c1::Toxocara}}
Published	07/30/2024	Toxocara Ova Shape: {{c1::Spherical to slightly pear shaped}}
Published	07/30/2024	Toxocara Ova Distinct Features: {{c1::Thick-shelled with a pitted surface}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Egg Size 1. Toxocara canis 2. Toxocara cati{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Toxocara Distinct Features: {{c1::3 spear-shaped cervical alae}}
Published	07/30/2024	The esophagus of Trichuris trichiura and Trichinella spiralis is a slender tube surrounded by cells called {{c1::stichocytes}} collectively terme…
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria hepatica Location in humans: {{c1::Liver}}
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria hepaticaMOT: {{c1::Ingestion of ova in feces}}Infective Stage: {{c1::Embryonated egg}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Capillaria hepatica::Intestinal Nematode}} Diagnosis{{c1::Liver biopsy w/ Peanut/Guitar-shaped unembryonated egg with striat…
Published	07/30/2024	Capillaria hepatica Intermediate Host: {{c1::Rats}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Capillaria philippinensis}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Capillaria philippinensis}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Capillaria hepatica}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Trichinella spiralis}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Enterobius vermicularis Male}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Enterobius vermicularis Female}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify] (TAKE THE TIME TO LOOK AT ALL IMAGES){{c1::Enterobius vermicularis}}
Status	Last Update	Fields