Notes in 16.2Nematodes

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Nematodes}} are more commonly known as {{c1::round}}worms
Published	07/30/2024	Female nematodes are larger than male nematodes. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nematodes are {{c1::dioecious}}, i.e., the sexes are separate.
Published	07/30/2024	Types of Nematodes (location):{{c1::intestinal}}{{c1::blood}} {{c1::lymphatic}}{{c1::subcutaneous}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nematodes are segmented. {{c1::False::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nematodes are {{c1::elongated}} and {{c1::cylindrical}} in shape.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Spicules}} are {{c2::copulatory::purpose}} structures found on the {{c3::posterior}} end of male adult parasites.
Published	07/30/2024	In nematodes, a {{c2::bursa}} is used to trap females during copulation and is evident in {{c1::hookworms}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Most nematodes are monospiculated. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	In nematodes, spicules and bursae are only present in {{c1::males::males/females}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Types of Female NematodesLays unembryonated (undeveloped or unfertilized) egg{{c1::Oviparous}}
Published	07/30/2024	Types of Female NematodesLays {{c2::embryonated::unembryonated/embryonated}} egg{{c1::Ovoviparous/oviviparous}}
Published	07/30/2024	Types of Female Nematodes{{c2::Larva}} are its offspring{{c1::Viviparous}}
Published	07/30/2024	Types of Female NematodesDoes not need male parasites to fertilize eggs{{c1::Parthenogenetic}}
Published	07/30/2024	Types of Female NematodesThis type lays eggs that can lead to autoinfection.{{c1::Parthenogenetic}}
Published	07/30/2024	Nematodes under class {{c1::Aphasmidia}} have no caudal adhesive glands and epidermal glands.
Published	07/30/2024	Nematodes under class {{c1::Phasmidia}} have caudal adhesive glands and epidermal glands.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ascaris lumbricoides}} is more commonly known as a {{c2::giant intestinal roundworm::common name}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Final host of A. lumbricoides: {{c1::Man}}
Published	07/30/2024	Habitat of A. lumbricoides: {{c1::Small intestine (jejunum)::specific location}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic stage of A. lumbricoides: {{c1::fertilized or unfertilized ova}}
Published	07/30/2024	Infective stage of A. lumbricoides: {{c1::embryonated ova}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sources of infection of A. lumbricoides: {{c1::STH}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOT of A. lumbricoides: {{c1::ingestion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Portal of Entry of A. lumbricoides: {{c1::mouth}}
Published	07/30/2024	Layer that differentiates a fertilized corticated A. lumbricoides egg from a fertilized decorticated one: {{c1::mamillated albuminoid coat}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Unfertilized A. lumbricoides eggs are {{c1::oblong}} in shape.
Published	07/30/2024	Lifespan of A. lumbricoides: {{c1::1-2 years}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::A. lumbricoides}} - largest intestinal nematodes infecting humans
Published	07/30/2024	Common layers found in fertilized corticated/decorticated A. lumbricoides eggs:{{c1::Chorionic glycogen layerLipoidal/vitelline layerMass at the cente…
Published	07/30/2024	Age range wherein intensity of A. lumbricoides infection is greatest: {{c1::children ages 5-10 years}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Obligatory extra-intestinal migration}} - characteristic of A. lumbricoides that allows them to be located outside the intestines (e.g., biliary…
Published	07/30/2024	When freshly expelled, adult A. lumbricoides worms are {{c1::creamy-white to pinkish yellow}} in color.
Published	07/30/2024	The head of A. lumbricoides is provided with {{c1::3::number}} lips and a small {{c2::triangular::shape}} buccal cavity.
Published	07/30/2024	A male A. lumbricoides has both ends tapered and is larger compared to its female counterpart. {{c1::False::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	A female A. lumbricoides has both ends tapered and is larger compared to its male counterpart. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	A female A. lumbricoides may produce up to {{c1::240,000}} eggs per day.
Published	07/30/2024	Adult worms live in the lumen of the {{c1::small intestine::organ}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Fertile eggs embryonate and become infective after {{c1::18 days to several weeks::duration}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pre-patency period for A. lumbricoides: {{c1::2 months}}
Published	07/30/2024	Manifestation of pneumonitis in hosts with A. lumbricoides: {{c1::4-16 days after infection::time period}}
Published	07/30/2024	Duration of pneumonitis in hosts with A. lumbricoides: {{c1::short (~3 weeks)::time period}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic tests for A. lumbricoides:{{c1::Direct fecal examKato (qualitative) and Kato-katz technique (quantitative)Brine floatation::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of A. lumbricoides in the larval phase: {{c1::eosinophilia, pneumonitis (Loeffler's)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of A. lumbricoides in the adult phase: {{c1::MalnutritionImpaired physical growthMild abdominal discomfortWandering ascaris::4)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment approach for A. lumbricoides: {{c1::selective and/or mass treatment}}
Published	07/30/2024	DOC for A. lumbricoides: {{c1::albendazole x 1 dose::drug x # of doses}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Trichuris trichiura}} is more commonly known as a {{c1::whipworm::common name}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Final host of T. trichiura: {{c1::man}}
Published	07/30/2024	Habitat of T. trichiura in humans: {{c1::cecum (attached) of the large intestine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic stage of T. trichiura: {{c1::ova}}
Published	07/30/2024	Infective stage of T. trichiura: {{c1::embryonated ova}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sources of infection of T. trichiura: {{c1::STH}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOT of T. trichiura: {{c1::ingestion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Portal of entry of T. trichiura: {{c1::mouth}}
Published	07/30/2024	Female T. trichiura is classified under what type:{{c1::Oviparous::based on type of egg/larva it lays}}
Published	07/30/2024	T. trichiura has no extra-intestinal phase. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lifespan of T. trichiura: {{c1::1-3 years}}
Published	07/30/2024	90% of T. trichiura infections are asymptomatic. {{c1::True::True/False}}
Published	07/30/2024	T. trichiura adult morphology{{c1::Anterior 2/3::anterior/posterior n-thirds}} of the worm is attenuated and thin{{c2::Posterior 1/3::anterior/posteri…
Published	07/30/2024	T. trichiura ovum morphology{{c1::With mucoid, bipolar plug::characteristic of T. trichiura in its diagnostic stage}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clinical features of T. trichiura in symptomatic patients:{{c1::Trichuris dysentery syndromeTrichuris colitisRectal prolapse::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic tests for T. trichiura:{{c1::DFSKato thickKato KatzFLOTAC::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Kato Katz}} - a simple, low-cost diagnostic test that assesses efficacy of antihelminthic drug in terms of cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate…
Published	07/30/2024	How many negative stool specimens are needed to be declared free from A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura? {{c1::3::n}}
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for T. trichiura:{{c1::MebendazoleAlbendazoleBenzimidazole derivativesDeworming::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug of choice for T. trichiura: {{c1::mebendazole, albendazole for 3 days::drug/s + # of days}}
Published	07/30/2024	During which trimester/s can pregnant women take medication for T. trichiura? {{c1::2nd or 3rd trimester}}
Published	07/30/2024	Common names of {{c1::Enterobius vermicularis}} - pinworm, seatworm, society worm, enterobiasis, oxyuriasis
Published	07/30/2024	Final host of E. vermicularis: {{c1::man}}
Published	07/30/2024	Habitat of E. vermicularis in host: {{c1::large intestine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic stage of E. vermicularis : {{c1::ova}}
Published	07/30/2024	Infective stage of E. vermicularis : {{c1::embryonated ova}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sources of infection of E. vermicularis : {{c1::contact borne}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOT of E. vermicularis : {{c1::ingestion, inhalation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Based on the arrangement of the somatic muscles, Enterobius vermicularis is considered {{c1::meromyarian}}
Published	07/30/2024	E. vermicularis is considered {{c1::ovi}}parous.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::cephalic alae}} of E. vermicularis is where the {{c2::chemo::type}}receptors are located.
Published	07/30/2024	During the {{c2::juvenile}} stage, the E. vermicularis are found only in the {{c1::small intestine::organ}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Female E. vermicularis are said to be active at {{c1::night::day/night}}.
Published	07/30/2024	When do male E. vermicularis die? {{c1::during copulation::during ...}}
Published	07/30/2024	When do female E. vermicularis die? {{c1::after depositing eggs}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Retroinfection}} - happens when newly hatched larva in the perianal area migrate back into the anus.
Published	07/30/2024	Structures that are characteristic of the Enterobius spp.: {{c1::esophageal bulb and cephalic alae::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of E. vermicularis: {{c1::ItchinessSecondary bacterial infectionNocturnal pruritus ani::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Complications of E. vermicularis:{{c1::AppendicitisVaginitisEndometritisSalpingitisPeritonitis::5-itis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lab diagnostic tests for E. vermicularis:{{c1::Cellulose tape swabSwellengrebelPetrolatum Coated Swab}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rx of choice for E. vermicularis: {{c1::Mebendazole}}
Published	07/30/2024	Necator americanusAncylostoma ceylanicumAncylostoma duodenaleAncylostoma brazilienseAncylostoma caninumThe following species are collectively called {…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hookworms}} are STH, blood sucking nematodes that attach to the mucosa of the {{c2::small intestine}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hookworms}} are {{c2::meromyarian}} (i.e., somatic muscle with 2-5 cells arranged per dorsal and ventral half)
Published	07/30/2024	Infective stage of hookworms: {{c1::Filariform larva (L3)}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOT of hookworms: {{c1::skin penetration by filariform larva}}
Published	07/30/2024	Natural habitat of hookworms: {{c1::small intestine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworms are {{c1::ovi}}parous.
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c1::Ancylostoma duodenaleNectar americanus}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}Common name: {{c1::old::old/new}} world hookworm
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}Body curvature: {{c1::"C"}} shaped
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}Dental pattern: {{c1::2 pairs of teeth}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}Bursa: {{c1::tripartite}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}Spicule: {{c1::plain, bristle-like}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}Host: {{c1::small intestine}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}Diagnostic stage: {{c1::ova}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}Infective stage: {{c1::L3 filariform}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Ancylostoma duodenale}}MOT: {{c1::skin penetration, ingestion}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}MOT: {{c1::purely percutaneous}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}Infective stage: {{c1::L3 filariform}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}Diagnostic stage: {{c1::ova}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}Host: {{c1::small intestine}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}Spicule: {{c1::barbed, fused}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}Bursa: {{c1::bifid}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}Dental pattern: {{c1::semilunar cutting plate}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}Body curvature: {{c1::"S"}} shaped
Published	07/30/2024	2 main hookworms that affect humans: {{c2::Nectar americanus}}Common name: {{c1::new::old/new}} world hookworm
Published	07/30/2024	Animal hookworms cause {{c1::CLM}} in humans.
Published	07/30/2024	Adult hookworms lay {{c1::5-20,000::number range}} eggs daily per worm.
Published	07/30/2024	Lab tests for diagnosis of hookworms:{{c1::Stool examHarada Mori technique::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rx of choice for hookworms: {{c1::albendazole, mebendazole::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Types of larvae in hookworms:{{c1::L1 Rhabditiform larvaL3 Filariform larva::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of hookworms in its ADULT stage:{{c1::Abdominal discomfortProgressive iron-deficiency anemiaExtreme fatigue, IQ loss::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of hookworms in its LARVAL stage:{{c1::Ground-itch/dew-itchCreeping eruption (CLM)Pneumonitis (Wakana Disease)::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Strongyloides stercoralis}} are commonly known as {{c1::threadworms}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Strongyloides stercoralis}} is the smallest nematode of man.
Published	07/30/2024	Final host of S. stercoralis: {{c1::man, small intestine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic stage of S. stercoralis: {{c1::rhabditiform larva}}
Published	07/30/2024	Infective stage of S. stercoralis: {{c1::filariform larva}}
Published	07/30/2024	S. stercoralis is a {{c1::facultative, parthenogenic, and ovoviviparous::3 defining characteristics}} nematode.
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworms vs. S. stercoralis{{c1::Hookworms}}Buccal Capsule: {{c2::Long}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworms vs. S. stercoralis{{c1::Hookworms}}Genital Primordium: {{c2::Small}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworms vs. S. stercoralis{{c1::S. stercoralis}}Genital Primordium: {{c2::Prominent}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hookworms vs. S. stercoralis{{c1::S. stercoralis}}Buccal Capsule: {{c2::Short}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::S. stercoralis}} is the causative agent of {{c2::Cochin China}} diarrhea
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Larva currens}} is the autoinfection with Strongyloides filariform larvae.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::S. stercoralis}} causes {{c2::honeycomb}} ulcer.
Published	07/30/2024	Lab tests for diagnosis of S. stercoralis:{{c1::Stool examDuodenal aspirateEnterotestHarada Mori::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Capillaria philippinensis}} is commonly known as {{c2::Pudoc worm}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Final host/s of C. philippinensis: {{c1::man (incidental), fish eating birds (natural host)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Intermediate host of C. philippinensis: {{c1::glass fish}}
Published	07/30/2024	Habitat of C. philippinensis: {{c1::small intestine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic stage of C. philippinensis: {{c1::ova in stool}}
Published	07/30/2024	Infective stage of C. philippinensis: {{c1::larva in intermediate host}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sources of infection of C. philippinensis: {{c1::food-borne}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOT of C. philippinensis: {{c1::ingestion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Portal of entry of C. philippinensis: {{c1::mouth}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of C. philippinensis: {{c1::microulceration, depression of the intestinal villi}}
Published	07/30/2024	Lab tests for diagnosis of C. philippinensis: {{c1::Direct fecal smearConcentration techniques (FECT)Examination of duodenal aspirateELISA (Trichinell…
Published	07/30/2024	DOC for C. philippinensis: {{c1::albendazole, mebendazole::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Trichinella spiralis}} is commonly known as {{c2::Trichina worm}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Final host of T. spiralis: {{c1::Swine and other vertebrates (2 hosts)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Habitat of T. spiralis: {{c1::small intestine (adult)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic AND infective stage of T. spiralis: {{c1::encysted larva (muscle tissue)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Sources of infection of T. spiralis: {{c1::food-borne/zoonotic}}
Published	07/30/2024	MOT of T. spiralis: {{c1::ingestion}}
Published	07/30/2024	Portal of entry of T. spiralis: {{c1::mouth}}
Published	07/30/2024	T. spiralis larvae are usually present in {{c1::striated muscle}} (nurse cell)
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::enteric}} phase of T. spiralis, symptoms of acute food poisoning manifest.
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::invasion}} phase of T. spiralis, immunological, pathological, and metabolic reactions occur.
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::invasion}} phase of T. spiralis, there is presence of the following cardinal signs: severe myalgia, periorbital edema, and eosinophilia.
Published	07/30/2024	In the {{c1::convalescent}} phase of T. spiralis, symptoms start to abate and becomes a self-limiting disease.
Published	07/30/2024	Most definitive lab diagnostic test for T. spiralis: {{c1::muscle tissue biopsy}}
Published	07/30/2024	Recommended lab diagnostic test for T. spiralis: {{c1::ELISA}}
Published	07/30/2024	DOC for T. spiralis: {{c1::Mebendazole}}
Published	07/30/2024	Definitive host of Filariidae: {{c1::humans}}
Published	07/30/2024	Arthropod-transmitted parasites of the circulatory and lymphatic system:{{c1::Wuchereria bancrofti (Bancroft's filariasis)Brugia malayi (Malayan filar…
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::B. malayi}}Periodicity: {{c1::Periodic-nocturnal subperiodic}}
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::B. malayi}}Habitat - adult: {{c1::upper lymphatic}}
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::B. malayi}}Sheath affinity to Giemsa: {{c1::Stained-pink}}
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::B. malayi}}Body nuclei: {{c1::overlapping/irregular}}
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::B. malayi}}Appearance: {{c1::kinky/stiff}}
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::W. bancrofti}}Appearance: {{c1::graceful curve}}
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::W. bancrofti}}Body nuclei: {{c1::regularly shaped}}
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::W. bancrofti}}Sheath affinity to Giemsa: {{c1::unstained}}
Published	07/30/2024	W. bancrofti vs. B. malayi{{c2::W. bancrofti}}Periodicity: {{c1::nocturnal}}
Published	07/30/2024	Eosinophilia is an effect of filarial worm infection due to presence of {{c1::parasites}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lymphangiectasia}} is an effect of filarial worm infection characterized by dilatation of lymphatics.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lymphangiogenesis}} is an effect of filarial worm infection characterized by lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation and differentiation (thick…
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of filarial worm infection:{{c1::Expatriate Syndrome}} is experienced by those who transferred to an endemic area, characterized by {{c2::im…
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of filarial worm infection:{{c1::Acute Dermatolymphangiodenitis (ADLA)}} manifests as localized pain, lymphadenitis and/or lymphangitis and/…
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of filarial worm infection:{{c1::Acute Dermatolymphangiodenitis (ADLA)}} is most commonly caused by {{c2::Group A streptococcus::bacteria}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of filarial worm infection:{{c1::Acute Filarial Lymphangitis (AFL)}} is caused by {{c2::dead}} filarial worms.
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of filarial worm infection:{{c1::Acute Filarial Lymphangitis (AFL)}} is characterized by lymphangitis that progresses distally along the lym…
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of filarial worm infection:{{c1::Lymphedema/Elephantiasis}} is caused by repeated {{c2::ADLA}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of filarial worm infection:{{c1::Hydrocele}} is caused by {{c2::Bancroft filaria}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of filarial worm infection:{{c1::Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia}} is secondary to immunologic hyperresponsiveness to filarial infection tha…
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic tests for filarial worm infection:{{c1::Blood smear examinationKnott's concentration techniqueFiltration methodRDT-ICT anitgen detection (C…
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for filarial worm infection includes single doses of these: {{c1::Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)}} and {{c1::Ivermectin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathology of A. cantonensis{{c1::Angiostrongylosis}} causes {{c2::eosinophilic meningoencephalitis}}, which is characterized by a large number of…
Published	07/30/2024	Diagnostic test of A. cantonensis: {{c1::CSF examination}}
Status	Last Update	Fields