Notes in 11 Thyroid and parathyroid

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Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidHashimoto thyroiditis is also known as {{c1::chronic lymphocytic}} thyroiditis.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidAutoantibodies to {{c1::thyroglobulins}} are the cause of the {{c2::autoimmune}} disorder known a…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Hashimoto}} thyroiditis is the most common cause of {{c2::hypo}}-thyroidism.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidEarly on in the Hashimoto thyroiditis, patients are {{c1::euthyroid::thyroid function state}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidLater on in the Hashimoto thyroiditis, patients are {{c1::hypothyroid::thyroid function state}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidHashimoto thyroiditis patients are hypothyroid due to replacement of {{c1::functioning …
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidUltrasound on Hashimoto thyroiditis shows:- Diffusely {{c1::micronodular}} gland- Heterogeno…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Thyroid lymphoma::a rare thyroid cancer}} risk is higher in people with Hashimoto thyroidit…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidCase: Diffuse Thyroid DiseaseLeft image: {{c1::enlarged::size}} gland with {{c2::coarsened hetero…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c2::Graves}} disease causes autoimmune activation of the {{c1::TSH}} receptor.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidGraves disease stimulating {{c3::thyroid}} hormon {{c1::synthesis}} and {{c2::secretion.}}
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidGraves disease patients clinically present with {{c1::thyrotoxicosis.}}
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidUltrasound on Graves disease shows:- Diffuse {{c1::enlargement::size}} of the gland- {{c2::Coarse…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidIn {{c5::Graves disease}}, the {{c1::thyroid inferno}} sign on color Doppler represents {{c2::hyp…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidConfirmation of laboratory findings on ultrasonographic findings between Hashimoto thyroidit…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidCase: Diffuse Thyroid DiseaseLeft image: patchy areas of {{c1::decreased}} echogenicity with no d…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidSubacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis is {{c1::viral}} origin granulomatous inflammation of the thyr…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Subacute (de Quervain)}} thyroiditis is the most common cause of a painful thyroid mas…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidPatients with Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis may present with transient {{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidUltrasound findings on Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis include ill-defined, pat…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Steroids}} are used to treat Subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidBecause goiter is a general term for an {{c1::enlarged}} gland, multinodular gland is preferred o…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidA {{c1::multinodular}} gland will appear {{c2::enlarged}} with innumerable {{c3::mixed cystic and…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThere {{c1::are NO::are or NO}} definitive ultrasound features that distinguish benign from malig…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe ATA guidelines stress use of the sonographic {{c1::pattern}} and {{c2::size}} for risk strati…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidHigh-suspicion sonographic features on thyroid nodules include: - {{c4::Microcalcifications}}- {{…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Intermediate}} suspicion sonographic features on thyroid nodules include {{c2::hypoech…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidLow and very low suspicion sonographic features on thyroid nodules include:- {{c1::Hyperechoic}} …
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidAccording to ACR, in the absence of suspicious feature thyroid nodules on CT and MRI, ultrasound …
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidAccording to the ACR, in the absence of suspicious feature thyroid nodules on CT and MRI, ul…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidCase: ThyroidYellow arrows: {{c1::solid::composition}} nodule with {{c2::irregular::mar…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe most common histologic subtype of thyroid cancer is {{c1::papillary cancer.}}
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe best prognosis histologic subtype of thyroid cancer is {{c1::papillary cancer.}}
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Lymphangitic}} spread in papillary thyroid cancer is {{c2::common.::common or uncommon…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidLymphadenopathy in papillary thyroid cancer is {{c1::common.::common or uncommon}}
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidLymp nodes in patients with lymphangitic spread of papillary thyroid cancer m…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe prognosis for follicular carcinomas is {{c1::the second best::rank}} in thyroid carcinoma and…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Less::less or more}} frequent and {{c2::more::less or more}} aggressive {{c3::medullary}} s…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe {{c1::anaplastic}} subtype thyroid cancer has {{c2::the worst}} prognosis and is {{c3::very r…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThyroid can also potentially develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma and usually presents as a {{c1::solid::…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe {{c1::parathyroid}} glands are {{c4::four::how many}} tiny glands located {{c2::behind}} the …
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidEctopic locations of parathyroid glands:- {{c1::Upper mediastinum}}- {{c2::Tracheoesophageal groo…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe most frequent indication for parathyroid imaging is the workup of {{c1::hyper}}-calcemia to d…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidParathyroid imaging in the re-operative for patients with persistent/recurrent disease is indicat…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::10}}% of patients with parathyroid disease develop persistent/recurrent disease after initi…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::MEN I::endocrine tumor syndrome}} is linked to {{c2::hyperplasia}} or {{c3::adenomas}} of t…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidParathyroid carcinoma are {{c1::rare::common or rare}}.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidMalignant neoplasms of parathyroid can be distinguished from benign adenomas based on:- {{c1::Rap…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Ultrasound}} is usually the first-line modality for parathyroid glands.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidParathyroid adenoma on ultrasound: - {{c1::Round}}- {{c2::Well circumscribed}}- {{c3::Homoge…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Low cost}} and {{c2::lack of radiation}} are pros of using ultrasound for parathyroid gland…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidLimitation of using ultrasound for parathyroid include:- {{c1::Operator dependence}}- {{c2::Insen…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidSonographycally inaccessible location of parathyroid tissue:- {{c1::Mediastinum}}- {{c2::Tracheoe…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::4DCT}} consist of performing:- {{c2::Noncontrast}}- {{c3::Arterial}}- {{c4::Delayed phase}}
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidOn non-contrast, parathyroid adenomas are classically {{c1::hypo}}-dense than normal thyroid tiss…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidOn early (35 sec) arterial phase, parathyroid adenomas classically demonstrate {{c1::greater::gre…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidOn delayed phase, parathyroid adenomas classically washout {{c1::more::more or less}} than normal…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Atypical}} enhancement patterns and {{c2::heterogeneous}} enhancement may be seen in large …
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidCase: ParathyroidYellow arrows: mass posterior to the left thyroid lobe which is {{c1::…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidCase: ParathyroidYellow arrows: oval nodule posterior to thyroid lobe which is {{c1::hy…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe greatest benefit of 4DCT is the ability to localize {{c1::small}}, {{c2::multinodular}}, and/…
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and ParathyroidThe greatest limitation of 4DCT is the {{c1::high radiation}} exposure.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::Tc-99m sestamibi}} is the {{c2::PET tracer}} that is taken up by parathyroids.
Published	05/01/2023	Neuroimaging Head & Neck: Thyroid and Parathyroid{{c1::MRI}} is used as a {{c2::second}}-line modality to identify lesions that were previously po…
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