Notes in 05 Cardiovascular Monitoring

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Published	12/13/2023	The systolic pressure in the radial artery is {{c1::greater::less/greater}} than the systolic pressure in the aorta
Published	12/13/2023	Blood pressure cuffs should not be placed on the same extremity as a {{c1::dialysis fistulas}}.
Published	12/13/2023	When auscultating for blood pressure, collapse of the underlying artery will produce characteristic {{c1::Korotkoff sounds}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Maximal oscillation of the cuff due to arterial pulsations occurs at the {{c1::mean arterial pressure}}.
Published	12/13/2023	A blood pressure cuff that is too small will {{c1::over::over/under}}estimate the systolic blood pressure.
Published	12/13/2023	A blood pressure cuff that is too big will {{c1::under::over/under}}estimate the systolic blood pressure.
Published	12/13/2023	The addition of {{c1::tubing}} and {{c1::stopcocks}} to the catheter-tubing-transducer system causes the system to be {{c2::over::over/under}}damped.&…
Published	12/13/2023	Air bubbles in the catheter-tubing-transducer system causes the system to be {{c1::overdamped}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Over::Over/Under}}damped systems tend to {{c1::under::over/under}}estimate the systolic blood pressure.
Published	12/13/2023	The natural frequency and damping coefficient of a catheter-tubing-transducer system is assessed by examining {{c1::oscillations}} after a {{c2::fast …
Published	12/13/2023	Most arterial catheters are zeroed at the {{c1::phlebostatic}} axis, which approximates the level of the {{c2::left atrium::anatomic location}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The phlebostatic axis is located at the intersection of the {{c1::4th}} intercostal space and the {{c2::middaxillary}} line.
Published	12/13/2023	In an arterial blood pressure tracing, variations in sizes during normal inspiration/expiration suggests {{c1::hypovolemia}}.
Published	12/13/2023	In an arterial blood pressure tracing, the rate of {{c2::upstroke}} indicates {{c1::contractility}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The best lead for monitoring for arrhythmias is lead {{c1::II}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Lead II is parallel to the electrical axis of the atria, resulting in the largest {{c1::p}}-waves.
Published	12/13/2023	Hyperkalemia on an EKG presents with a characteristic {{c1::peaked T-wave}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The tip of a central venous catheter should lie in the {{c1::superior vena cava::location}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The central venous pressure (CVP) should be measured at {{c1::end-expiration}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Insertion of a central venous catheter into the {{c2::subclavian}} vein is associated with a higher risk of {{c1::pneumothorax}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The central venous pressure (CVP) is a poor estimate of {{c1::intravascular volume}} because it also depends on {{c2::venous tone}} and {{c3::right ve…
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c3::left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)}} can be estimated by the {{c1::wedge}} pressure, except in the case of {{c2::mitral st…
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Pulse contour analysis}} of the arterial pressure waveform is a minimally invasive alternative to PA catheters for measuring {{c2::cardiac outpu…
Published	12/13/2023	Insertion of a PA catheter into the right ventricle of a patient with a {{c1::left bundle-branch block::arrhythmia}} can lead to a {{c2::complete hear…
Published	12/13/2023	During insertion of a PA catheter:When the tip enters the right atrium, the waveform will appear like a {{c1::central venous pressure}} waveform.
Published	12/13/2023	During insertion of a PA catheter:When the tip enters the right ventricle, you will see a sudden {{c1::increase}} in the {{c1::systolic pres…
Published	12/13/2023	During insertion of a PA catheter:When the tip enters the pulmonary artery, you will see a sudden {{c1::increase}} in the {{c1::diastolic pressur…
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c2::thermodilution}} method of cardiac output monitoring relies on the injection of {{c1::cold saline}}.
Published	12/13/2023	For the thermodilution method of measuring cardiac output, the temperature change of the blood is {{c1::inversely::Directly/Inversely}} proportional t…
Published	12/13/2023	For the thermodilution method of measuring cardiac output, the cardiac output is the {{c1::area under the temperature-time curve}}.
Published	12/13/2023	A pulse pressure variation >{{c1::12}}% suggests {{c2::fluid responsiveness}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Pulse pressure variation and stroke volume variation cannot be measured in patients with {{c1::arrhythmias::rhythms}}, or with {{c2::low}} tidal volum…
Published	12/13/2023	The esophageal Doppler measures the velocity of blood flow in the {{c1::aorta}}, which allows for the calculation of the {{c2::stroke volume}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Automatic NIBP machines utilize the {{c1::oscillometric}} method to measure blood pressure.
Published	12/13/2023	The tip of the pulmonary artery catheter should lie in the {{c1::pulmonary artery}}, {{c2::30}} cm distal to the vena cava junction.
Published	12/13/2023	During insertion of a PA catheter, the presence of a {{c1::dicrotic notch}} signifies entry into the pulmonary artery.
Published	12/13/2023	Stroke volume variation can only be measured in patients who are {{c1::100% mechanically}} ventilating.
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