Notes in 2. Pregnancy

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Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Relaxin}}, {{c1::Estrogen}}, and {{c1::Progesterone}} are hormones that lead to an increased extensibility of connective tissue during pregnancy
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)}} is a hormone produced by the placenta which acts against maternal {{c2::insulin}}
Published	02/10/2024	A weight gain of {{c1::10}}-{{c1::14}} kg throughout pregnancy would be considered normal.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Reflux}} is more likely to occur during pregnancy due to relaxation of the {{c2::lower oesophageal sphincter}} and {{c2::delayed emptying}}.&nbs…
Published	02/10/2024	General anaesthetic is very dangerous in pregnancy due to the risk of {{c1::aspiration}}
Published	02/10/2024	80% of pregnant people will develop {{c1::oedema}} due to increased water and sodium retention
Published	02/10/2024	Pregnancy may be associated with an enlarged thyroid gland due to a relative {{c1::iodine}} deficiency
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::beta-hCG}} is a hormone that is structurally very similar to TSH that leads to increased thyroid function during pregnancy
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Hyperemesis gravidarum}} is the medical term for severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancyassociated with {{c2::beta-hCG}} hormone
Published	02/10/2024	The biochemical hyperthyroidism caused by high b-hCG is not treated with antithyroid medication but with {{c1::beta blockers}} for symptom c…
Published	02/10/2024	The circulating blood volume of a pregnant woman increases by {{c1::50}}—{{c1::70}}% compared to the non pregnant
Published	02/10/2024	During pregnancy, red cell mass increases by about {{c1::40%}} causing a relative haemodilution leading toa physiological {{c2::anaemia}} of pregnancy
Published	02/10/2024	During pregnancy, systemic vascular resistance falls and is at its lowest between weeks 20-32 due to increased {{c1::circulating vasodilator…
Published	02/10/2024	Cardiac output increases by approximately {{c1::30}}-{{c1::50}}% by the end of the second trimester
Published	02/10/2024	Because of vena caval compression by the uterus, any pregnant patient lying supine will lose {{c1::25}}% of their cardiac output
Published	02/10/2024	Most of the pregnancy cardiovascular changes return to normal by the {{c1::3 month}} mark postpartum
Published	02/10/2024	The pregnant healthy person is in a state of {{c1::compensated respiratory alkalosis}} due to an increase in respiratory rate (Hyperventilation)
Published	02/10/2024	In some but not all pregnancies, asthma improves because of the bronchodilator effect of {{c1::progesterone}}.
Published	02/10/2024	A pregnant woman lying supine/flat is at risk of fainting due to:[1] {{c1::Loss of 25% of cardiac output secondary to vena caval compression by the ut…
Published	02/10/2024	A pregnant woman is considered to have a physiological anaemia due to:[1] {{c1::Increase in circulating blood volume increases by 50-70%}} [2] {{…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Fe deficiency anaemia}} is the most common haematological abnormality of pregnancy
Published	02/10/2024	During pregnancy, there is a {{c1::2}}-{{c1::3}} fold increase in iron requirements mainly for use by the fetus as well as the need for the increasing…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Folate deficiency}} is the second most common cause of pregnancy anaemia
Published	02/10/2024	During pregnancy, there is a {{c1::10}}-{{c1::20}} fold increase in folate requirements, which is associated with foetal neurodevelopment.
Published	02/10/2024	Pregnancy is a {{c1::hypercoagulable}} state which is associated with an increased risk of DVTs and PEs
Published	02/10/2024	In pregnancy, there is a significant dilatation of the urinary collecting system due to:[1] {{c1::Relaxation of smooth muscle of ureter secondary to p…
Published	02/10/2024	Urea and creatinine levels are much {{c2::lower}} during pregnancy due to a 50% increase in {{c1::GFR}} and {{c1::creatinine clearance}}
Published	02/10/2024	Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy is treated using {{c1::propylthiouracil}} and not {{c1::carbimazole}}
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