Notes in OG7.6 Menopause

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Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::Climacteric}} refers to {{c2::the phase in a woman’s reproductive life when a gradual decline in ovarian function results in decreased sex stero…
Published	10/04/2024	Median age at menopause is {{c1::52}}
Published	10/04/2024	FSH in menopause is usually > {{c1::30}}
Published	10/04/2024	Incidence of premature ovarian failure is {{c1::1%::%}}
Published	10/04/2024	The majority of occytes are lost {{c1::spontaneously::spontaneously/ovulation}} rather than {{c1::ovulation::spontaneously/ovulation}}
Published	10/04/2024	Hot flushes and night sweats during menopause are termed {{c1::vasomotor}} symptoms
Published	10/04/2024	The most common symptoms of menopause are {{c1::vasomotor }} symptoms, seen in {{c1::75-80::range}}% of women
Published	10/04/2024	Menopause increases the risk of bacterial vaginosis by {{c1::↑ pH::mechanism}}
Published	10/04/2024	With estrogen deficiency, osteo{{c1::clast}} activity exceeds that of osteo{{c1::blast}} activity
Published	10/04/2024	In the first 4 years after menopause, there is a {{c1::3%::%}} loss of bone mass
Published	10/04/2024	T/F Hormone replacement therapy is not recommended for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease{{c1::T}}
Published	10/04/2024	Hormone replacement therapy for menopause if prior hysterectomy → {{c1::estrogen}}
Published	10/04/2024	Hormone replacement therapy for menopause if intact uterus → {{c1::estrogen + progesterone}}
Published	10/04/2024	Oral hormonal replacement therapy has a {{c1::more::more/less}} beneficial effect than parenteral therapy on the lipid profile
Published	10/04/2024	Oral hormonal replacement therapy has a {{c1::more::more/less}} thrombogenic effect than parenteral therapy
Published	10/04/2024	Combined continuous 'no bleed' HRT is suitable for women {{c1::>1 years since last menstrual period}}estrogen + progesterone (mirena) daily
Published	10/04/2024	Combined sequential HRT results in monthly withdrawal bleed and is used in {{c1::perimenopausal}} women and in the case of {{c1::premature o…
Published	10/04/2024	Irregular bleeding > 6 months after starting HRT requires {{c1::further investigation }}
Published	10/04/2024	T/F Vaginal hormone replacement should not be used as long as other forms of hormone replacement therapy.{{c1::T}}
Published	10/04/2024	Hormone replacement therapy should be given for < {{c1::5}} years and not beyond the age of {{c2::60}}
Published	10/04/2024	• Any irregular vaginal bleeding that has not been fully investigated • Pregnancy • Venous thromboembolism • Stroke/TIA • Liver disease • History of …
Published	10/04/2024	Postmenopausal women should visit their GP every {{c1::6 months}}
Published	10/04/2024	Postmenopausal women on HRT should get a mammogram {{c1::yearly::frequency}}
Published	10/04/2024	Postmenopausal women not on HRT should get a mammogram {{c1::every 3 years::frequency}}
Published	10/04/2024	Symptoms of menopausevasomotor symptoms: {{c1::hot flushes, headaches, night sweats, palpitations, insomnia::examples}}psychological symptoms: {{c1::p…
Published	10/04/2024	Benefits of HRTtreats menopausal symptomsmaintains {{c1::bone mineral density}}decreased risk of {{c1::cardiac disease, Alzheimer's, colorectal cancer…
Published	10/04/2024	Risks of HRT{{c1::endometrial and breast::2}} cancers{{c1::VTE}}{{c1::CVD}} if >60 years or pre-existing disease{{c1::stroke}} if >60 years
Published	10/04/2024	Non-hormonal treatments for menopause{{c1::SSRIs, SNRIs, clonidine::3}} for hot flushes{{c1::gabapentin and pregabalin::2}} for vasomotor symptomsblac…
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