Notes in b. Osmosis Diffusion and Membrane Transport

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Published	07/28/2024	As the permeability of a membrane {{c2::increases}}, the flux through the membrane {{c1::increases}}
Published	07/28/2024	As the area of a membrane {{c1::increases}}, the flux through the membrane {{c2::increases}}
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Decreased}} molecular weight/size, {{c2::increases}} the diffusion coefficient
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Decreased}} membrane thickness, {{c2::decreases}} the diffusion distanceand {{c2::increases}} flux across plasma membrane
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Increased}} lipid solubility of the solute {{c2::increases}} the rate of diffusion
Published	07/28/2024	Small hydrophobic molecules such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and benzene {{c1::can}} (can/can't) pass through the plasma membrane?
Published	07/28/2024	Small uncharged polar moleculues such as water, glycerol and ethanol {{c1::can}} (can/can't) pass through the plasma membrane?
Published	07/28/2024	Large uncharged polar moleculues such as amino acids, glucose, and nucleotides {{c1::can't}} (can/can't) pass through the plasma membrane?
Published	07/28/2024	Ions such as H+, Na+, HCO3-, and K+ {{c1::can't}} (can/can't) pass through the plasma membrane?
Published	07/28/2024	Non-polar, uncharged moleculues such as lipids and steroids {{c1::can}} (Can/can't) diffuse throught the plasma membrane
Published	07/28/2024	An equilibrium state is reached during osmosis when the net movement of water is {{c1::zero}}; the {{c2::hydrostatic pressure}} is equal to the o…
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Oncotic}} pressure of plasma usually tends to pull water {{c2::into}} the circulatory system
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Albumin}} is the major contributor of oncotic pressure of plasma because it has the lowest molecular weight of the major plasma proteins and its…
Published	07/28/2024	The total solute concentration for a solution is known as its {{c1::osmolarity}} where one osmol is equal to 1 mol of solute particles
Published	07/28/2024	A 1M solution of NaCl contains {{c1::2}} osmol of solute per liter of solution
Published	07/28/2024	A 1M solution of glucose contains {{c1::1}} osmol of solute per liter of solution
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Osmolality}} is the measures of the moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Osmolality}} (osmolality/osmolarity?) is easier to evaluate and more commonly used as {{c1::osmolality}} measures moles of solute per kiolgram o…
Published	07/28/2024	When placed in a hypertonic solution, a cell will {{c1::shrink}}
Published	07/28/2024	When placed in an isotonic solution, a cell will {{c1::not change}}
Published	07/28/2024	When placed in a hypotonic solution, a cell will {{c1::swell}}
Published	07/28/2024	What is the basic equation for osmolarity?
Published	07/28/2024	The reflective coefficient (sigma) is a measure of?
Published	07/28/2024	Hyponatremia is caused by a {{c1::decrease}} in plasma Na which causes water to leave the circulatory system and enter the cells of the body whic…
Published	07/28/2024	Hypernatremia is caused by an {{c1::increase}} in plasma Na, or dehydration
Published	07/28/2024	Ions can be gated by what 3 methods and what are the properties of protein ion channels?
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Primary}} active transporters {{c2::directly}} use ATP to pump substrates against their concentration gradient.
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Secondary}} active transporters {{c2::indirectly}} use ATP to pump substrates against their concentration gradient.
Published	07/28/2024	The Sodium-Potassium pump moves sodium {{c1::out of}} the cell
Published	07/28/2024	The Sodium-Potassium pump moves potassium {{c1::into}} the cell
Published	07/28/2024	What is the function of H+/K+-ATPase
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::symport}} or {{c2::cotransporter}} secondary active transporters couple transport in the {{c3::same}} direction
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::antiport}} or {{c2::exchanger}} secondary active transporters couple transport in the {{c3::opposite}} direction
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Plasma Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA)}} transports calcium out of the cell
Published	07/28/2024	{{c1::Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA)}} in muscle cells transfer Calcium from the cytosol of the cells to the lumen of the SR
Published	07/28/2024	The surface of an epithelial cell that faces a hollow or fluid-filled chamber is refered to as the {{c1::apical/luminal}} membrane
Published	07/28/2024	The plasma membrane of an epithelial cell on the opposite side of the surface, which is usually adjacent to a network of blood vessels, is referred to…
Published	07/28/2024	The {{c1::paracellular}} transport observed in epithelial transports describes diffusion between adjacent cells
Published	07/28/2024	The {{c1::transcellular}} transport observed in epithelial transports describes movement into a cell, through the cytosol, and exiting across the…
Published	07/28/2024	Diffusion through the paracellular pathway in epithelial cells is limited by the presence of {{c1::tight junctions}}
Published	07/28/2024	Sodium enters epithelial cells via {{c1::facilitated diffusion through a sodium channel}}
Published	07/28/2024	Sodium leaves epithelial cells via {{c1::sodium-potassium ATPase}}
Published	07/28/2024	Organic solutes, including glucose are transported into epithelial cells via {{c1::secondary active transport}}
Published	07/28/2024	Organic molecules, such as glucose leave epithelial cells via {{c1::facilitated diffusion (through transmembrane protein channels)}}
Published	07/28/2024	Diffusion through membranes will most likely {{c1::not}} change the extracellular concentration
Published	07/28/2024	Factors that increase permeability include {{c1::decreased}} {{c2::molecular weight (or size of solute)}}, decreased membrane {{c2::thickness}}, or {{…
Published	07/28/2024	What are the properties of semi-permeable membranes?
Published	07/28/2024	What are the properties of simple diffusion?
Published	07/28/2024	What are the defining factors of osmotic pressure?
Published	07/28/2024	Osmotic pressure is the {{c1::pulling}} pressure of a solution where as hydrostatic pressure of a solution is a {{c2::pushing}} pressure
Published	07/28/2024	Describe what happens to the cell in solutions of different tonicity
Published	07/28/2024	Describe the process and properties of mediated transport
Published	07/28/2024	What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion for mediated transport?
Published	07/28/2024	What are the differences between mediated transport and facilitated diffusion through transmembrane proteins?
Published	07/28/2024	What are the properties of active transport?
Published	07/28/2024	H+/K+-ATPase is important for maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration in our {{c1::gastric pit (stomach)}}
Published	07/28/2024	Ca2+/-ATPase is important for controlling calcium ion concentration in {{c1::plasma}}, {{c2::sarcoplasmic reticulum}}, and maintain low {{c1::cytosoli…
Published	07/28/2024	Absorption of food and water in intestine occurs {{c1::through}} intestinal epithelium
Published	07/28/2024	Describe process of Lipid transport through epithelium
Published	07/28/2024	Describe process of transepithelial transport of Na+
Published	07/28/2024	Describe process of transepithelial transport of Organic Solutes like glucose
Published	07/28/2024	Describe process of water transport across epithelia
Published	07/28/2024	The cytoskeleton is a {{c1::dynamic}} system of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that helps organize the intracellular contents…
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