Notes in 08Autonomics

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Published	07/30/2024	Ganglia of the Paravertebral Sympathetic Chain{{c1::3}} Cervical{{c1::11}} Thoracic{{c1::4}} Lumbar{{c1::4}} Sacral{{c1::1}} Coccygeal
Published	07/30/2024	Sacral outflow - Innervates distal transverse colon to pelvis Spinal gray matter {{c1::Pelvic autonomic}} plexus {{c1::Inferior hypogastr…
Published	07/30/2024	The ANS consists of what type of neurons?
Published	07/30/2024	The ANS is what division of the peripheral nervous system
Published	07/30/2024	regulates the activity of the digestive tract and functions completely independently of the CNS.
Published	07/30/2024	Where is the cell body of the SNS preganglionic neuron
Published	07/30/2024	The preganglionic axon synapses with the
Published	07/30/2024	All preganglionic PNS and SNS neurons are {{c1::choli}}nergic
Published	07/30/2024	Most SNS postganglionic neurons are {{c1::adre}}nergic
Published	07/30/2024	Spinal segments of SNS preganglionic neurons to the adreanal medulla
Published	07/30/2024	SNS preganglionic neurons are {{c1::short::short/long}} except for those going to the {{c2::adrenal medulla}}postganglionic neurons are {{c1::long::sh…
Published	07/30/2024	Where is the cell body of the PNS preganglionic neuron
Published	07/30/2024	NT of the PNS postganglionic neuron
Published	07/30/2024	PNS postganglionic neurons are {{c1::choli}}nergic
Published	07/30/2024	PSNS preganglionic neurons are {{c1::long::short/long}}postganglionic neurons are {{c1::short::short/long}}
Published	07/30/2024	Axons of {{c1::pre}}ganglionic neurons are thin, lightly myelinated fibers, whereas axons of {{c1::post}}ganglionic neurons are even thinner and are u…
Published	07/30/2024	The axons of which neuron are thicker
Published	07/30/2024	The axons of which neuron are myelinated
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::autonomic}} ganglia are {{c2::motor}} ganglia{{c1::dorsal root}} ganglia are {{c2::sensory}} ganglia
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on iris
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on salivary glands
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on lungs
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the heart muscle
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the stomach
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the pancreas
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the liver
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the gall-bladder
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the adrenal gland
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the bladder
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the penis
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the iris
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the salivary glands
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the heart muscle
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the lungs
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the stomach
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the pancreas
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the gall-bladder
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the bladder
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the penis
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the blood vessels servicing skeletal muscles
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the blood vessels servicing smooth muscle
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the blood pressure
Published	07/30/2024	Origin of the SNS: {{c1::lateral horn (intermediolateral cell column) of gray matter of spinal cord segments T1–L3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Origin of the PNS: {{c1::brain stem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X; spinal cord segments S2–S4}}
Published	07/30/2024	Location of ganglia of the PNS
Published	07/30/2024	Location of ganglia of the SNS
Published	07/30/2024	Rami communicantes of the {{c1::S::S/PS}}NSWhite rami contains type {{c2::B}} {{c2::m::unm/m}}yelinated {{c2::pre}}ganglionic nerve fibersGray rami co…
Published	07/30/2024	Rami communicantes of the PNS
Published	07/30/2024	Degree of branching of preganglionic axons of the PNS
Published	07/30/2024	Degree of branching of preganglionic axons of the SNS
Published	07/30/2024	Damage to the autonomic nerves, which may occur as a complication of diabetes
Published	07/30/2024	What can happen during autonomic neuropathy
Published	07/30/2024	SNS postganglionic neurons that innervate the sweat glands and blood vessels in skeletal muscle are {{c1::choli}}nergic
Published	07/30/2024	Which fibers in the motor division of the PNS are not myelinated?
Published	07/30/2024	Are visceral sensory fibers considered part of the ANS?
Published	07/30/2024	function of the visceral motor component (VM), of the oculomotor nerve (III)
Published	07/30/2024	function of the VM component of the facial nerve (VII)
Published	07/30/2024	function of the VM component of the glossopharyngeal nerve
Published	07/30/2024	CN 3,7,9 have no postganglionic fibers of their own but instead travel through the trigeminal nerve [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Facial Nerve (VII) PNS outflow Nucleus{{c1::Superior salivatory}}Preganglionic Axon{{c2::Chorda Tympani (VII)}}Ganglion{{c1::Sub…
Published	07/30/2024	CN {{c1::X}} Contains {{c2::90}}% of {{c2::pre}}ganglionic fibers
Published	07/30/2024	Continuing where the vagus ends, it innervates the organs in the pelvis, including the distal half of the large intestine, the bladder, and reproducti…
Published	07/30/2024	The preganglionic cell bodies of the sacral parasympathetics lie in the
Published	07/30/2024	The axons of the preganglionic neurons of the sacral outflow form the {{c1::pelvic splachnic}} nerves.
Published	07/30/2024	The pelvic splanchnic nerves run through an autonomic plexus in the pelvic floor, the
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on ciliary muscle
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on sweat glands
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on coronary blood vessels
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on kidney
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the urethra
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the Uterus
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the Vagina, clitoris
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the Blood coagulation
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the Cellular metabolism
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the Adipose tissue
Published	07/30/2024	SNS effect on the Mental activity
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the ciliary muscle
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Sweat glands
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the coronary blood vessels
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Liver
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Adrenal medulla
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Kidney
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the urethra
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Uterus
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the clitoris
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Blood vessels
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Blood coagulation
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Cellular metabolism
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Adipose tissue
Published	07/30/2024	PNS effect on the Mental activity
Published	07/30/2024	The sympathetic ganglia fall into two classes: (1) {{c1::sympathetic trunk}} ganglia and (2) {{c1::collateral}} ganglia
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::S}}NS trunk ganglia are joined to the ventral rami of nearby spinal nerves by {{c1::white and gray rami communicantes}}
Published	07/30/2024	White rami communicantes lie {{c1::lateral::location}} to gray rami communicantes
Published	07/30/2024	There is approximately one sympathetic trunk ganglion for each spinal nerve [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	the number of sympathetic trunk ganglia and spinal nerves is identical [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	There is the fusion of symapthetic chain ganglia fusion most evident?
Published	07/30/2024	Overall, there are {{c1::22–24}} sympathetic trunk ganglia per side, and a typical person may have {{c2::3}} cervical, {{c3::11}} thoracic, {{c4::4}} …
Published	07/30/2024	Sympathetic Cervical Ganglia:{{c1::SuperiorMiddleInferior (Stellate)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The cervical ganglia lie just {{c1::anterior::location}} to the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
Published	07/30/2024	the thoracic ganglia lie on the {{c1::heads}} of the ribs
Published	07/30/2024	the lumbar ganglia lie on the {{c1::anterolateral::location}} sides of the vertebral bodies
Published	07/30/2024	the sacral ganglia lie {{c1::medial::location}} to the sacral foramina
Published	07/30/2024	the coccygeal ganglion is {{c1::anterior::location}} to the coccyx
Published	07/30/2024	collateral ganglia aka
Published	07/30/2024	The collateral ganglia occur only in the abdomen and pelvis [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	On what artery are most collateral ganglia on?
Published	07/30/2024	Major Collateral/Prevertebral Ganglia:{{c1::CeliacSuperior MesentericInferior MesentericInferior Hypogastric}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pathways Same level - innervates {{c1::periphery}} {{c2::White ramus Sympathetic ganglion Gray RamusSpinal nerve of same level}} Different l…
Published	07/30/2024	Spine segments for SNS pathways to the head
Published	07/30/2024	Spine segments for SNS pathways to the Thorax
Published	07/30/2024	Spine segments for SNS pathways to the Abdomen
Published	07/30/2024	Spine segments for SNS pathways to the Pelvis
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::superior cervical}} ganglion sends fibers to the {{c2::head (ciliary muscles, salivary glands, neck)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::middle cervical ganglion and inferior (stellate) cervical}} ganglion sends fibers to the {{c2::heart and lungs}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Inferior mesenteric ganglion and inferior hypogastric}} ganglion sends fibers to the {{c2::pelvis (rectu, bladder, reproductive organs)}}
Published	07/30/2024	specialized sympathetic ganglion containing a collection of modified postganglionic neurons that completely lack nerve processes
Published	07/30/2024	On the superior aspect of each kidney lies an
Published	07/30/2024	Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla
Published	07/30/2024	Spine segments for SNS pathways to the adrenal medulla
Published	07/30/2024	Plexus/es to the lungs, esophagus, part of the heart
Published	07/30/2024	Plexus/es to the heart
Published	07/30/2024	Plexus/es to the abdomen
Published	07/30/2024	Plexus/es to the pelvis
Published	07/30/2024	Plexus/es to the adrenal medulla
Published	07/30/2024	condition that follows damage to the sympathetic trunk in the inferior neck region on one side of the body. The symptoms, which occur on the affected …
Published	07/30/2024	Continual stress can promote overactive sympathetic stimulation causing vasoconstriction that results in hypertension
Published	07/30/2024	Which types of autonomic fibers (preganglionic, postganglionic, sympathetic, parasympathetic) are located in the thoracic and abdominal autonomic plex…
Published	07/30/2024	Almost all of the receptors for these visceral senses are {{c1::free (nonencapsulated)}} nerve endings widely scattered throughout the visceral organs
Published	07/30/2024	cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons are located in {{c1::dorsal root ganglia}} and in the {{c1::sensory ganglia}} of cranial nerves
Published	07/30/2024	Most visceral pain fibers follow this sympathetic route to the CNS
Published	07/30/2024	Many visceral sensory fibers accompany the parasympathetic fibers in the {{c1::vagus}} nerve and monitor visceral sensations in the many organs served…
Published	07/30/2024	Most visceral inputs travel along the {{c1::spinothalamic (and spinoreticular)}} pathways to the {{c2::thalamus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neurons in the {{c1::thalamus}} relay visceral sensory information to the visceral sensory cortex in the {{c2::insula}} lobe for conscious perception
Published	07/30/2024	Visceral sensory information also reaches and influences the visceral control centers in the {{c1::hypothalamus}} and {{c1::medulla oblongata}}
Published	07/30/2024	Surprisingly, one often feels no pain when a visceral organ is cut or scraped [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Visceral pain does result, however, from chemical irritation or inflammation of visceral organs, from spasms of the smooth muscle in these organs (cra…
Published	07/30/2024	People suffering from visceral pain often perceive this pain to be somatic in origin. This phenomenon is called
Published	07/30/2024	Referred pain may result from the convergence of somatic and visceral sensory neurons on the same second-order neurons in the dorsal horn of the spina…
Published	07/30/2024	Reflex arc where the rectum is stretched by feces and the smooth muscle of the large intestine responds by contracting
Published	07/30/2024	Reflex arc in which the smooth muscle in the urinefilled bladder contracts
Published	07/30/2024	Spinal reflexes are not subject to conscious inhibition [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	The peripheral reflexes carry out highly localized autonomic responses involving either small segments of an organ or a few different visceral organs.…
Published	07/30/2024	Type of visceral reflex that branches from visceral sensory fibers synapse with postganglionic motor neurons within sympathetic ganglia
Published	07/30/2024	affects quadriplegics and paraplegics with spinal cord injuries above the level of T6. The cord injury is followed by a temporary loss of all reflexes…
Published	07/30/2024	The cerebral cortex appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Centers in the {{c1::medulla oblongata}} regulate cardiac centers, vasomotor centers, and many digestive activities
Published	07/30/2024	the {{c1::periaqueductal gray matter}} of the {{c1::midbrain}} controls many autonomic functions, especially the sympathetic fear response during a th…
Published	07/30/2024	The main integration center of the autonomic nervous system is the {{c1::hypothalamus}}
Published	07/30/2024	the {{c1::medial::location}} and {{c1::anterior::location}} parts of the {{c3::hypothalamus}} direct {{c2::PNS}} functions, whereas the {{c1::lateral:…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::hypothalamic centers}} influence the {{c2::pre}}ganglionic autonomic neurons in the spinal cord and brain, both through direct connections a…
Published	07/30/2024	It is through the {{c1::ANS}} that the hypothalamus controls heart activity, blood pressure, body temperature, and digestive functions
Published	07/30/2024	Through communications with the hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray matter, the {{c1::amygdaloid body}} stimulates sympathetic activity, especially p…
Published	07/30/2024	Via which pathway do most visceral pain fibers travel to reach the CNS?
Published	07/30/2024	characterized by intermittent attacks during which the skin of the fingers and toes becomes pale, then blue and painful. Commonly provoked by exp…
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for Raynaud's disease
Published	07/30/2024	loss of esophagus’s ability to propel swallowed food inferiorly. the smooth muscle surrounding the inferior end of the esophagus (cardiac sphinct…
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment of Achalasia of the cardia
Published	07/30/2024	birth defect in which the parasympathetic and enteric innervation of the distal region of the large intestine fails to develop normally because migrat…
Published	07/30/2024	Treatment for Congenital megacolon or Hirschsprung’s disease
Published	07/30/2024	All neurons with cell bodies in the {{c1::CNS}} are derived from the neural {{c2::tube}}.All neurons with cell bodies in the {{c1::PNS}} are derived f…
Published	07/30/2024	Somatic motor neurons and preganglionic autonomic neurons form from neuroblasts of the basal plate of the {{c1::neural tube}}
Published	07/30/2024	sensory neurons and postganglionic autonomic neurons form from the {{c1::neural crest}}
Published	07/30/2024	With advancing age, the efficiency of the ANS begins to decline [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	condition in which the bladder becomes flaccid and overfills, allowing urine to dribble out. Atonic bladder results from the temporary loss of the mic…
Published	07/30/2024	Cutting or severing of a vagus nerve, often to decrease the secretion of stomach acid and other caustic digestive juices that aggravate ulcers
Published	07/30/2024	Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) PNS outflow Nucleus{{c1::Inferior salivatory}}Ganglion{{c1::Otic}}Postganglionic Axon{{c2::Auriculot…
Published	07/30/2024	Oculomotor Nerve (III) PNS outflow Nucleus{{c2::Accessory oculomotor or Edinger-Westphal}}Ganglion{{c2::Ciliary}}Postganglionic A…
Published	07/30/2024	Facial Nerve (VII) PNS outflow Nucleus{{c2::Lacrimal}}Preganglionic axon{{c3::Greater Petrosal of CN VII}}Ganglion{{c2::Pterygop…
Published	07/30/2024	Nucleus of the Vagus Nerve: {{c1::Dorsal Vagal Motor nucleus and nucleus ambiguus}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::inferior cervical}} ganglion may fuse with the {{c1::first thoracic}} ganglion to form the {{c2::stellate (“star-shaped”)}} ganglion
Published	07/30/2024	Visceral/Autonomic Reflex ArchStimulus → Receptor → {{c1::Sensory Neuron}} → {{c1::CNS integrating center}} → {{c1::Preganglionic ANS Neuron}} → {{c1:…
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