Notes in 6. Neonatal Jaundice

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/10/2024	Bilirubin Metabolism {{c1::Prehepatic (Mostly unconjugated) — Spleen}} {{c1::Hepatic (Mixed) — Liver}} {{c1::Posthepatic (Mostly conjugated) — Biliary…
Published	02/10/2024	Jaundice is the yellow discoloration of skin and tissues due to accumulation of bilirubin of {{c1::>40}}-{{c1::50}} umol/L
Published	02/10/2024	Early Classification of Neonatal Jaundice Onset: {{c1::Early <24 hrs}} Causes: {{c1::Haemolysis}}, {{c1::Sepsis}}
Published	02/10/2024	Intermediate Classification of Neonatal Jaundice Onset: {{c1::Intermediate (24hrs — 2 weeks)}} Causes: {{c1::Physiological}}, {{c1::Breast milk}}, {{c…
Published	02/10/2024	Prolonged Classification of Neonatal Jaundice Onset: {{c1::Prolonged >2 weeks}} Causes: {{c1::Extrahepatic obstruction}}, {{c1::Neonatal hepatitis}…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Physiological Jaundice}} describes {{c2::build-up of unconjugated bilirubin in neonates due to shorter RBC lifespan (80-90 days), relative polyc…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Breast Milk Jaundice}} describes {{c2::build-up of unconjugated bilirubin in neonates due to breast milk which can persist up to 12 weeks}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Kernicterus}} is a {{c2::condition that occurs when unconjugated bilirubin, a neurotoxin, crosses the blood-brain barrier and deposits in the br…
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Kernicterus}} {{c1::Encephalopathy}} {{c1::Poor feeding}} {{c1::Lethargy}} {{c1::Seizures}}
Published	02/10/2024	Complications of Kernicterus {{c1::Severe choreoathetoid cerebral palsy}} {{c1::Learning difficulty}} {{c1::Sensorineural deafness}}
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of {{c2::Early Unconjugated}} Neonatal Jaundice {{c1::Sepsis}} {{c1::Haemolysis ABO Incompatibility Rhesus Disease Bruising/Cephalhaematoma Red…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Prolonged Infant Jaundice}} is jaundice persistening beyond {{c2::2 weeks of life for term infants}} OR {{c2::3 weeks for preterm infants}}
Published	02/10/2024	Common Causes of {{c2::Conjugated}} Prolonged Neonatal Jaundice {{c1::Anatomical Biliary obstruction Biliary atresia (conjugated jaundice, pale stools…
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of {{c2::Unconjugated}} Prolonged Neonatal Jaundice {{c1::Hypothyroidism}} {{c1::Breast milk jaundice}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Biliary Atresia}} is a {{c2::congenital fibro-inflammatory disease of bile ducts leading to destruction of extra-hepatic bile ducts}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Conjugated}} Jaundice should be considered {{c2::biliary atresia}} unless proven otherwise
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Biliary Atresia}} {{c1::Prolonged neonatal conjugated jaundice}} {{c1::Pale stools}} {{c1::Dark urine}}
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations if Early/Intermediate Unconjugated Neonatal Jaundice is caused by Sepsis{{c1::Urine}}, {{c1::Blood cultures}}, {{c1::TORCH screen}}
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations if Early/Intermediate Unconjugated Neonatal Jaundice is caused by ABO Incompatibility or Rhesus Disease{{c1::Blood Group}} + {{c1::Dire…
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations if Early/Intermediate Unconjugated Neonatal Jaundice is caused by Hereditary Spherocytosis{{c1::Blood film}}
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations if Early/Intermediate Unconjugated Neonatal Jaundice is caused by G6PD Deficiency{{c1::G6PD Assay}}
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations if Early/Intermediate Unconjugated Neonatal Jaundice is caused by Abnormal conjugation{{c1::Genotype-Phenotype}}
Published	02/10/2024	Diagnosis of Prolonged Neonatal Jaundice due to {{c2::Biliary Obstruction}} {{c1::Split Bilirubin Test (Raised Conjugated Bilirubin)}} {{c1::Stool col…
Published	02/10/2024	Diagnosis of Prolonged Neonatal Jaundice due to Hepatitis {{c1::Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (Phenotype and Level)}} {{c1::Viral hepatitis (Serology…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::ALT}} and {{c1::AST}} are LFTs elevated in hepatocellular damage
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::ALP}} and {{c1::GGT}} are LFTs elevated in biliary disease
Published	02/10/2024	Liver Function Assessment is via {{c1::Prothrombin}}, {{c1::Albumin}}, and {{c1::Bilirubin}}
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of {{c2::Unconjugated}} Jaundice {{c1::Hydration}} {{c1::Phototherapy and/or Exchange transfusion Visible light (450 nm wavelength) convert…
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of {{c2::Conjugated Jaundice (Biliary Atresia)}}{{c1::Kasai portoenterostomy}}
Status	Last Update	Fields