Notes in Quizlet CH 2

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Published	10/10/2024	Excess production of scar tissue that is out of proportion to the wound and is characterized by excess Type II collagen. It classically affects earlob…
Published	10/10/2024	Excess production of scar tissue that is localized to teh wound and predominately made up of Type I collagen
Published	10/10/2024	rupture of a wound; most commonly seen after abdominal surgery
Published	10/10/2024	What are some causes of delayed wound healing?
Published	10/10/2024	This metal is a cofactor for collagenase to transform Type III to Type I collagen
Published	10/10/2024	This metal is a cofactor for an enzyme that allows for the cross-linking of collagen
Published	10/10/2024	This is required to strengthen procollagen to collagen
Published	10/10/2024	Most common cause of delayed wound healing due to continued inflammation impairing healing
Published	10/10/2024	Describe secondary cutaneous healing
Published	10/10/2024	Describe primary cutaneous healing
Published	10/10/2024	VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)
Published	10/10/2024	FGF
Published	10/10/2024	PDGF
Published	10/10/2024	TGF-beta
Published	10/10/2024	TGF-alpha
Published	10/10/2024	Granulation tissue eventually results in ___________________. Explain that process?
Published	10/10/2024	What cells are utilized in the process of making granulation tissue?
Published	10/10/2024	What is the initial phase of tissue repair?
Published	10/10/2024	What is the difference between regeneration and repair?
Published	10/10/2024	What are the 3 types of tissues based on regenerative capacity and give an example of each?
Published	10/10/2024	Wound healing occurs via a combination of:
Published	10/10/2024	Autoimmune-mediate tissue damage with mixed features of SLE, systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis. ANA+ with serum antibodies against U1 ribonucleopro…
Published	10/10/2024	This type of scleroderma diffusely involves skin with early visceral involvement. Involves: vessels, GI tract, lungs (most common cause of death), kid…
Published	10/10/2024	What is CREST syndrome?
Published	10/10/2024	this type of scleroderma show limited skin involvement with late visceral involvement
Published	10/10/2024	Pathogenesis of scleroderma
Published	10/10/2024	This is an autoimmune disorder causing sclerosis of skin and visceral organs due to fibroblasts activation leading to deposition of collagen
Published	10/10/2024	There is an increase for what disease is you have Sjogren syndrome?
Published	10/10/2024	How do they diagnosis Sjogren syndrome?
Published	10/10/2024	Which antibodies carry a risk of neonatal lupus and congenital heart black because it can cross the placenta
Published	10/10/2024	Antibody for Sjogren syndrome
Published	10/10/2024	Sjogren syndrome is very commonly associated with what other autoimmune disease
Published	10/10/2024	Presentation of Sjogren syndrome
Published	10/10/2024	Autoimmune destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands. Lymphocyte mediated damage with fibrosis (type 4 hypersensitivity)
Published	10/10/2024	Prognosis for SLE
Published	10/10/2024	Treatment of SLE
Published	10/10/2024	This syndrome is where there is antiphopholipid Ab plus hypercoaguable state. Patients can get arterial andvenous thromboses and requires lifelong ant…
Published	10/10/2024	Type of ant-phospholipid Ab that is falsely elevated by PTT by interefering with the phospholipids used for testing PTT.
Published	10/10/2024	Type of anti-phospholipid Ab that can produce a false positive for screening test for syphilis
Published	10/10/2024	Lab results for SLE
Published	10/10/2024	Small vegetation on both sides of mitral valve
Published	10/10/2024	Inflammation of serosal surfaces
Published	10/10/2024	Clinical features of SLE
Published	10/10/2024	Pathogenesis of SLE
Published	10/10/2024	SLE is an example of this type of hypersensitivity
Published	10/10/2024	This diease is an antigen-antibody complexes deposit in multiple tissues that activates complement and damages tissue. Clinical feature of a malar "bu…
Published	10/10/2024	Autoimmunity is more common in
Published	10/10/2024	This a transcription factor responsible for development and maintenance
Published	10/10/2024	What is CD25+
Published	10/10/2024	This cytokine inhibits macrophage activation
Published	10/10/2024	Regulatory T cells express what
Published	10/10/2024	These cells block T cell activation by expressing CTLA4 and prevent co-stimulators signaling, resulting in anergy. They secrete IL-10 ad TGF-beta
Published	10/10/2024	This syndrome is due to a mutation in the Fas apoptosis pathway and self-reactive lymphocytes cant undergo apoptosis at the periphery. Therefore the s…
Published	10/10/2024	Is an antigen is recognized in peripheral tissue without co-stimulatory signal, then the lymphocyte will undergo anergy or apoptosis
Published	10/10/2024	What happens in negative selection of B cells
Published	10/10/2024	Central tolerance for B cells occur where
Published	10/10/2024	Hypoparathyroidism, adrenal failure, and recurrent candida infections is the triad of this disease
Published	10/10/2024	This mutation causes the negative selection to become faulty allowing self-reactive lymphocytes to escape out to the periphery. The self-reactive lymp…
Published	10/10/2024	________________ is by which single positve cells become naive mature T cells, in this step if any self-reactive Tcells are detected they undergo apop…
Published	10/10/2024	What cells are involved in the negative selection process
Published	10/10/2024	Where does positive and negative selection occur in the thymus
Published	10/10/2024	Explain central tolerance
Published	10/10/2024	This type of tolerance occurs in the thymus for T cells
Published	10/10/2024	This is characterized by primary immune mediated damage to self0tissues by attacking self-antigen and involves loss of self tolerance
Published	10/10/2024	This type of deficiency has hereditary angrioedema characterized by edema of skin (especially periorbital) and mucosal surfaces.
Published	10/10/2024	This type of deficiency leads to an increased risk for neisseria infections
Published	10/10/2024	This disease is due to a mutation in WASP gene (x-linked) leading to thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections due to defective humoral and c…
Published	10/10/2024	This disease is characterized by elevated IgM serum levels due to mutated CD40L or CD40 receptor. The second signal cannot be delivered to helper T ce…
Published	10/10/2024	This is the most common Ig deficiency in whicthere is low serum levels of IgA. This leads to an increased risk for mucosal infections, especially vira…
Published	10/10/2024	This disease has a low immunoglobulin due to B cell or Helper T cell defects leading to an increased risk of bacterial, enterovirus, and giardia infec…
Published	10/10/2024	There is a complete lack of immunoglobulin due to disordered B cell maturation. The Naive B cells cannot mature due to mutated Burton tyrosine kinase.…
Published	10/10/2024	What is the treatment for SCID
Published	10/10/2024	This enzyme is responsible for deaminiation adenosine and deoxyadenosine. This is important becuase a build up of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in lymp…
Published	10/10/2024	What is the etiology of SCID?
Published	10/10/2024	This disease has defective cell mediated and humoral immunity
Published	10/10/2024	Why in DiGeorge syndrome so the patients have hypocalcemia and T cell deficiency
Published	10/10/2024	This disease is when there is a developmental failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches. These patients present with T cell deficiency, hypoc…
Published	10/10/2024	What are the steps involved in both caseating and noncaseating granuloma formation
Published	10/10/2024	What type of stains would you use to see caseating granulomas
Published	10/10/2024	This type of granuloma is characteristic of TB and fungal infections and has central necrosis
Published	10/10/2024	This type of granuloma arises in a reaction to foreign material and lacks central necrosis
Published	10/10/2024	This is a subtype of chronic inflammation characterized by epithelioid histiocytes surrounded by giant cells and rim of lymphocytes
Published	10/10/2024	Helper T cells secrete _____ and _____ to mediate B cell isotope switching, hypermutation and maturation to plasma cells
Published	10/10/2024	_______ receptor on B cell bind _______ on helper T cell providing second activation signal
Published	10/10/2024	Be cell antigen presention to ______ T cell via MHC ___
Published	10/10/2024	How does a B cell become activated?
Published	10/10/2024	Naive B cells express which surface immunoglobulin
Published	10/10/2024	Immature B cells are produced in
Published	10/10/2024	What is the function of CD8+ T cells
Published	10/10/2024	What is the second signal needed for CD8+ T cell activation
Published	10/10/2024	This cytokine inhibits TH1 phenotype
Published	10/10/2024	This cytokine activated eosinophil chemotaxis and activation, maturation of B cells to plasma cells, and class switching to IgA
Published	10/10/2024	This cytokine causes class switching to IgG or IgE
Published	10/10/2024	What cytokines do TH2 subset secrete
Published	10/10/2024	this cytokine is a macrophage activator
Published	10/10/2024	This cytokine is for T cell growth factor and CD8+ T cell activator
Published	10/10/2024	What cytokines do TH1 subset secrete
Published	10/10/2024	What do CD4+ T cells do once they are activated?
Published	10/10/2024	________ on APC bind ________ on CD4+ T cell providing a second signal
Published	10/10/2024	MHC II is found on what cells?
Published	10/10/2024	How are CD4+ cells activated?
Published	10/10/2024	TCR Complex recognizes antigens presented on MHC. What are the MHCs that match with the T cells
Published	10/10/2024	Progenitor T cells become....
Published	10/10/2024	Where do T cells undergo T cell receptor rearrangement
Published	10/10/2024	Where do T lymphocytes originate?
Published	10/10/2024	What are some stimuli to a chronic inflammation?
Published	10/10/2024	This type of inflammation is part of the adaptive immune response?
Published	10/10/2024	what cells are characteristic of chronic inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	this is formed when macrophages form a fibrous wall to enclose the area of acute inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	How do macrophages manage the next step in the acute inflammation process?
Published	10/10/2024	How do macrophages work?
Published	10/10/2024	how to macrophages enter the tissue
Published	10/10/2024	What cells are derived from monocytes in the blood
Published	10/10/2024	which cell predominates in inflammation after the neutrophil?
Published	10/10/2024	This step is where neutrophils undergo apoptosis and appear as pus; disappear within 24 hours after the inflammatory stimulus
Published	10/10/2024	this is the least effective way to destroy phagocytized material and occurs via enzyme present in leukocyte secondary granules
Published	10/10/2024	this deficiency results in defective conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and gives the patient an increase risk for can…
Published	10/10/2024	what test would you use to screen for CGD
Published	10/10/2024	In this disease, there is poor oxygen dependent killing and the patient get chronic infections in granulomas especially with catalase positive organis…
Published	10/10/2024	HOCl generated by oxidative burst (NAPH oxidase) in phagolysosomes destroys phagocytized microbes; this is the most effective way to destroy phagocyti…
Published	10/10/2024	Clinical features of this disease are: -increased risk in pyogenic infections-neutropenia -giant granules in leukocytes -defective primary hemostasis …
Published	10/10/2024	protein trafficking defect that doesn't allow the phagosome to merge with the lysosome is this autosomal recessive disorder
Published	10/10/2024	What is a phagolysosome?
Published	10/10/2024	what enhances the process of phagocytosis in inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	this process is where there is consumption of pathogens or necrotic tissue
Published	10/10/2024	this step in the movement of leukocytes is when leukocytes transmigrate across the endothelium of PCV and move toward chemical attractants like IL-8, …
Published	10/10/2024	This disease has the following clinical findings:delayed separation of umbilical cordincreased circulating neutrophils recurrent bacterial infection t…
Published	10/10/2024	This is an autosomal recessive disease where there is a defect in integrin therefore leukocytes cannot adhere to the endothelium
Published	10/10/2024	Integrins are upregulated on leukocytes by __ and __.
Published	10/10/2024	cellular adhesion molecules upregulated on endothelium by:
Published	10/10/2024	E-selectin is induced by __ and __.
Published	10/10/2024	P-selectin is released from __
Published	10/10/2024	This process occurs when selectins bind sialyl lewis X on leukocytes
Published	10/10/2024	This occurs when cells migrate from center of blood flow to the periphery due to vasodilation slowing down to blood flow in the PCV
Published	10/10/2024	Steps in the neutrophil arrival and function
Published	10/10/2024	Why is there fever during inflammation?
Published	10/10/2024	Why is there pain in inflammation?
Published	10/10/2024	Why is there swelling during inflammation?
Published	10/10/2024	Key mediators of redness and warmth in inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	Why is there redness and warmth in inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Published	10/10/2024	What is the kinin system?
Published	10/10/2024	What does Hageman factors activate
Published	10/10/2024	Inactive pro-inflammatory protein produced in liver and acted upon exposure to subendothelial or tissue collagen. It plays an IMPT role in DIC
Published	10/10/2024	What are the four key products of complement
Published	10/10/2024	What is MAC?
Published	10/10/2024	How is the MAC formed?
Published	10/10/2024	What is the function of C5 convertase
Published	10/10/2024	What is the function of C3 convertase
Published	10/10/2024	All complement pathways produce what?
Published	10/10/2024	MBL bind mannose on microorganisms and activates complement
Published	10/10/2024	Microbial products directly activate complement
Published	10/10/2024	C1 binds IgG or IgM that is bound to antigen
Published	10/10/2024	Pro-inflammatory serum proteins that stimulate inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	What is the purpose of histamine granules?
Published	10/10/2024	How are mast cells activated?
Published	10/10/2024	This cell prompts an immediate response to release histamine granules
Published	10/10/2024	these leukotrien mediate vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, and increased vascular permeability (contract smooth muscle)
Published	10/10/2024	this leukotrien attracts and activates neutropils
Published	10/10/2024	5-lipooxygenase pathway produces:
Published	10/10/2024	Cyclooxygenase pathway produces....
Published	10/10/2024	This is released form the phospholipid cell membrane by phospholipase A2 and is acted on by cyclooxygenase or 5-lipooxygenase
Published	10/10/2024	TLR activation results in upregulation of?
Published	10/10/2024	This is present on macrophages and dendritic cells and recognize PAMPs and activates innate immunity
Published	10/10/2024	What factors mediate acute inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	What are 4 key mediators that attract and activate neutrophils
Published	10/10/2024	This type of inflammation is characterized by the presence of edema and neutrophils in tissues. The goal is to eliminate pathogen or clear necrotic de…
Published	10/10/2024	Predominant cell in chronic inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	Predominant cell in acute inflammation
Published	10/10/2024	What does inflammation do?
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