Notes in Protein and Lipid Metabolism Lecture

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Published	09/12/2023	1b430a8686d94a86908bc688f20b2eb3-oa-1
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Published	08/30/2024	After a signaling molecule activates a signaling pathway, the molecule usually {{c1::is degraded::remains in the receptor, is degraded, OR is consumed…
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Published	09/12/2023	Blocking L-type Ca2+ channels can cause bradycardia and hypotension, as well as {{c1::hyperglycemia}} due to inadequate {{c1::insulin}} release.
Published	09/12/2023	Octreotide treats sulfonylurea overdose by {{c1::blocking Ca2+ channels}}
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Published	08/30/2024	{{c1::Triglycerides::Glycerols OR Triglycerides}} and cholesteryl {{c1::esters::esters OR benzoates}} are very {{c2::hydrophobic::…
Published	09/12/2023	Between meals, the liver packages {{c2::triglycerides}} and {{c3::cholesterol}} into {{c1::VLDLs}}, which enter the blood
Published	09/25/2023	As triglycerides are removed from the VLDLs, the VLDL shrinks, forming {{c1::IDL}}
Published	09/25/2023	Which lipoprotein mediates reverse cholesterol transport from the periphery to the liver? {{c1::HDL}}
Published	09/12/2023	After meals, the intestine packages dietary lipids into {{c1::chylomicrons}} that pass through lymphatic channels and eventually into the bloodstream
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Statins::medication class}} inhibit {{c2::HMG-CoA reductase::enzyme}} to prevent the synthesis of mevalonate, a precursor in cholesterol synthes…
Published	09/12/2023	Where does most of the cholesterol in atherosclerotic plaques come from?
Published	09/12/2023	Macrophages bloated with cholesterol eventually form {{c1::foam}} cells within the subendothelium, secreting growth factors and cytokines that cause m…
Published	09/12/2023	The foam cell from the cholesterol-laden macrophages eventually die, causing cholesterol to precipitate out, forming a(n) {{c1::atherosclerotic}} plaq…
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::HDL}} picks up peripheral cholesterol and helps direct the delivery of {{c2::VLDL}}, which becomes {{c3::LDL}}
Published	09/12/2023	Alcohol is metabolized by {{c1::alcohol dehydrogenase}} and {{c2::acetaldehyde dehydrogenase}} to form acetate
Published	09/12/2023	What is the major source of energy during the first 2 - 7 seconds of exercise? {{c1::Creatine phosphate}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Creatine phosphokinase}} catalyzes the conversion of {{c2::creatine phosphate}} to {{c3::ATP}}
Published	09/12/2023	Glycogen in the {{c1::liver}} can provide glucose for any tissue, while glycogen in the {{c2::muscle}} is reserved for just those cells
Published	08/30/2024	DNA is present in the nucleus and {{c1::mitochondria}}
Published	09/12/2023	In the default protein synthesis pathway, proteins remain in the {{c1::cytoplasm}}
Published	08/30/2024	A "tag" of 20-30 hydrophobic amino acids is a signal for the polypeptide to be moved from the {{c1::Golgia apparatus::organelle}} to th…
Published	09/12/2023	Ubiquitination of {{c1::lysine}} residues targets proteins for degradation in the {{c2::lysosome}} or {{c3::proteasome}}
Published	09/12/2023	Tay-Sachs is a disorder caused by a missing {{c1::lysosomal enzyme}}
Published	09/12/2023	In mad cow disease, {{c1::prions}} cause {{c2::alpha helices}} to misfold into beta helices that cannot be cleared fromt he brain
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::α1-antitrypsin}} is an enzyme that neutralizes {{c2::neutrophil proteases (e.g. elastase)}} in the lung
Published	09/12/2023	Altered folding of {{c1::A1AT}} causes polymerization and cirrhosis of the liver, a gain of toxic function disorder
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Augmentation therapy}} should be used to slow the lung damage caused by A1AT deficiency
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Tetanus toxin}} is a protease that cleaves neuronal receptors, blocking release of inhibitory neurotransmitters and causing uncontrolled muscula…
Published	09/12/2023	Which neurotransmitter's release is prevented by the botulinum toxin from Clostridium botulinum?{{c1::Acetylcholine}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Sodium phenylbutyrate}} is a prodrug that helps eliminate ammonia during urea cycle disorders by getting metabolized to phenylacetate, which con…
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC)}} deficiency is the most common urea cycle disorder
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