Notes in 18 Pediatric PE

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Published	07/30/2024	Most lymph nodes are not usually palpable in thenewborn?{{c1::True::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Enlarged LNs Threshold:Cervical or axillary: >{{c1::1}} cmInguinal: >{{c1::>1.5}} cmGeneralized lymphadenopathy○ Enlargement of > 2 non-co…
Published	07/30/2024	BACK AND SPINECheck for: {{c1::deformities, sacrococcygeal dimple, pilonidal sinus, local tenderness::4 things}}
Published	07/30/2024	How do you check for scoliosis?{{c1::Ask the patient to bend forward with bone hands hanging down asif to touch the feet. A hump will be seen by the e…
Published	07/30/2024	EXTREMITIESInspect for {{c1::clubbing::PE finding}} using Schamroth’s signWhat does a (+) Schamroth's sign look like?{{c2::No diamond space}}
Published	07/30/2024	EXTREMITIESHow do we check for capillary refill time?{{c1::Document the capillary refill time by applying moderatepressure to the nail bed for 5 secon…
Published	07/30/2024	RECTAL EXAMCorrect position?{{c1::left lateral decubitus position, leg drawn up tothe abdomen, head curled down}}Finger used?{{c2::Index finger::For o…
Published	07/30/2024	FEMALE GENITALIAThree structures to be examined:{{c1::Vulvovaginal area, labia, hymen}}Patient position?{{c2::Frog-leg position}}
Published	07/30/2024	MALE GENITALIAPenile length landmarks{{c1::base of the penis to the tip}}Abnormal prepuce findings:○ {{c2::Phimosis::term}}: narrow preputial sac, can…
Published	07/30/2024	ABDOMINAL EXAM: GeneralCorrect order?{{c1::Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation (IAPP)}}
Published	07/30/2024	ABDOMINAL EXAM: InspectionMeasuring the abdominal circumference...Landmarks?{{c1::Lower rib margin or costal margin AND illiac crest::2 landmarks…
Published	07/30/2024	ABDOMINAL EXAM: AuscultationBowel sounds are {{c1::gurgling in nature::sound description?}} and occur episodically at {{1::5-10 second::seconds?}…
Published	07/30/2024	ABDOMINAL EXAM: PercussionPatient position?{{c1::supine position with both lower extremities flexed at the knees and hips}}The abdomen is generally&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	ABDOMINAL EXAM: PalpationLiver spanDistance between the {{c1::costal margin and the liver edge}} The spleen is usually not palpable unless it is …
Published	07/30/2024	ABDOMINAL EXAM: Costovertebral Angle TendernessOnly done on {{c1::older children and adolescents::age group?}}Compare the left and right side, th…
Published	07/30/2024	The apex beat in children <{{c1::7-8}} y/o is normally located at the {{c1::4}}th LICS MCL
Published	07/30/2024	CARDIOLOGIC EXAM: Auscultation Landmarks ValveLocationAortic{{c1::2nd Right ICS Parasternal}}{{c2::Pulmonic}}2nd Left ICS ParasternalT…
Published	07/30/2024	CHEST AND LUNGSCorrect order?{{c1::Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation}}"Tres-tres" checks for?{{c2::Tactile fremitus}}Percussion techniqu…
Published	07/30/2024	NECK AND THROATAmong obese/overweight children, look for {{c1::acanthosis nigricans::abonrmal skin PE finding}}.
Published	07/30/2024	TONSILSCheck for {{c1::presence AND absence::presence/absence}}Tonsillar size is correlated with age, and is usually {{c2::hypertrophie…
Published	07/30/2024	Ear ExaminationWhen an imaginary horizontal line is drawn between the two inner canthi and extended to the ears, {{c1::20%}} of the total length of ea…
Published	07/30/2024	DERMATOLOGIC EXAMWhen checking skin turgor, if the skin tending is {{c1::greater than 2 seconds::time?}}, it indicates severe dehydration
Published	07/30/2024	ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA: Head CircumferenceRoutinely done in children {{c1::up to 3 years old::until what age?}}Correct position? {{c1::Sitting …
Published	07/30/2024	VITAL SIGNSWhat are 3 ways we should NOT take temperautre?{{c1::oral, rectal, and using a mercury thermometer}}
Published	07/30/2024	Eyes and EarsRed-orange reflex should be routinely checked up until {{c1::24 months::age}}Absence of ROR (or "white reflex") may indicate congeni…
Published	07/30/2024	Eyes and EarsCorneal Light Reflex is also known as the {{c1::Hirschberg Test}}Screens for the presence of {{c1::strabismus}}Asymmetric Reflection…
Published	07/30/2024	PE vital signs are monitored every {{c1::15-30}} mins after birth until {{c1::2}} hours
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE VitalsTemperatureEasiest way: {{c1::forehead scanner}}Normal temp: {{c1::36.5 - 37.5oC}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE VitalsTemperatureAvoid scanning the {{c1::eye or mid forehead}} due to effects on the {{c1::pineal gland}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE VitalsTemperatureAxillary temp taken in {{c1::newborns::age group}}{{c1::0.3-0.6}}oC lower than rectal
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE VitalsTemperatureAxilla and Forehead: 0.3-0.6oC {{c1::<::>/<}} Oral ToCAural and Rectal: 0.3-0.6oC {{c1::>::>/&l…
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE VitalsCardiac Rate or Pulse RateChildren: {{c1::Cardiac Rate}}Adolescent: {{c1::Pulse Rate}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR]1.Sleep2. Pedia CR or PR{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE VitalsCardiac Rate or Pulse RateTo detect a compressible pulse, {{c1::occlude the radial pulse with the index and middle fingers. if the …
Published	07/30/2024	Normal Values: Normal Ration of RR to CR in Pediatric Px{{c1::1:4}}
Published	07/30/2024	How lung should you take the CR and RR of pediatric px?{{c1::you MUST take it for 1 minute}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE VitalsBP cuff should be {{c1::2/3::fraction}} upper arm length and {{c1::80-100}}% of arm circumference
Published	07/30/2024	When doppler is not avvailable in getting the BP of neonates, use the {{c1::flush method}}
Published	07/30/2024	Flush method in getting neonatal BP - Cuff gradually inflated to blanch the skin and then deflated until there is a flush Corresponding pressure is th…
Published	07/30/2024	If arm span is > or = to height, think of {{c1::Marfan syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE Anthropometric DataAbdominal CircumferenceMeasure across {{c1::umbilicus}} in infants Reference for older: between {{c1::lowest rib …
Published	07/30/2024	When assessing the hydration of a pediatric px through a skin turgor test, pinch the skin over the {{c1::anterior abdo wall}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE Dermatologic ExamSkin TurgorSkin tenting for >{{c1::2}} seconds: moderate to severe dehydrationFalse (+) are caused by px who are {{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE Dermatologic ExamSkin FindingsRecall {{c1::me}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Adenoid Facies}} - refers to child with long face, short upper lip and philtrum, pinched nose, open mouth
Published	07/30/2024	Adenoid Facies in children is associated with {{c1::pharyngeal tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy, and chronic upper airway obstruction::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pediatric PE Head and Face ExaminationFace{{c1::Snoring}} with normal facies: refer to ENT for further evaluation
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Nose and Throat ExaminationNasal crease: indicative of {{c1::allergic rhinitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Nose and Throat ExaminationThroat ExamDominant hand: holds {{c1::tongue depressor}}Tip of the tongue blade at the center and junction of the …
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationFluid WaveAssess for {{c1::ascites}}(+) result: {{c1::detect a shock wave of fluid against the finger tips}}Normal percu…
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationShifting Dullness(+) result: {{c1::Dullness to the Dependent site and Tympany to the Top}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationAppendicitisDirect tenderness: pain elicited on {{c1::pressure}}Rebound tenderness: pain felt on {{c1::release of finger…
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationAppendicitis{{c3::Psoas Sign}}Both legs must be {{c2::flexed}}Maneuver A: patient {{c1::flexes}} hip and knees and posit…
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationAppendicitisPsoas SignManeuver B: ask the patient to lie {{c1::left lateral decubitus::position}} and {{c1::extend::flex…
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationAppendicitis{{c1::Obturator sign}}Raise patient's right leg with flexed knee and then rotate the leg internally(+) resul…
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationSpleen ExaminationSpleen is not palpable unless enlarged at least {{c1::2-3 times}} the sizeStart palpation from {{c1::R…
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationSpleen ExaminationWhen the spleen is palpable: Slides {{c1::Downwards::Downwards/Upwards}} during {{c1::Inspiration…
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationSpleen Examination{{c1::Short's Method}}: done if spleen is not detected on {{c2::supine}} position and has the patient …
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationSpleen Examination{{c1::Castel's Method}}: detects {{c2::splenomegaly}}(+) result: {{c2::dullness}} is noted on deep or …
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal Examination{{c1::Hydrocele}}: {{c1::fluid}} enters the processus vaginalis{{c2::Hernia}}: {{c1::abdominal}} contents enter through …
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationHernia: {{c1::negative::negative/positive}} transilluminationHydrocele: {{c1::positive::negative/positive}} transillumin…
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationExamination for Scoliosis{{c1::Bend Forward Test}}: patient bends downwards and relaxes the upper extremities
Published	07/30/2024	Pedia PE Abdominal ExaminationExamination for Scoliosis(+) result on Bend Forward test: {{c1::presence of curvature and one shoulder being higher than…
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