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Notes in
g. Electrical Signals, Membrane Potentials, and Action Potentials
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Published
07/28/2024
A {{c1::membrane potential}} is the difference voltage across the plasma membrane; always given in terms of voltage inside the cell relative to v…
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The {{c1::resting membrane potential}} is the difference in voltage across the plasma membrane when it is at rest (not receiving or sending signa…
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A {{c1::graded potential}} is a relatively small change in membrane potential produced by some type of stimulus that triggers the opening or clos…
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A {{c1::synaptic potential}} is a graded potential produced in the post synaptic cell in response to neurotransmitters binding to receptors
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A {{c1::receptor potential}} is a graded potential produced in response to a stimulus acting on a sensory receptor
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An {{c1::action potential}} is a large, rapid change in membrane potential produced by depolarization of an excitable cell's plasma membrane thre…
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An {{c1::equilibrium potential}} is the membrane potential that counters the chemical forces acting to move an ion across the membrane, thereby p…
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Sodium concentrations are high {{c1::outside}} the cell
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Chloride concentrations are high {{c1::outside}} the cell
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Calcium concentrations are high {{c1::outside}} the cell
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Potassium concentrations are high {{c1::inside}} the cell
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What are the 3 origins of the negative membrane potential?
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What are the 2 forces driving ion movement across membranes?
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When the total driving force on an ion is zero, meaning the concentration force and electrical force are equal, then the membrane is at {{c1::equ…
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The electrochemical equilibrium potential can be calculated via?
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Differentiate steady state and equilibrium when discussing membrane potentials
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A resting potential is {{c1::steady-state}} (steady state/equilibrium?)
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Cells utilize {{c1::Na/K ATPase}} to maintain steady state at resting potential
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The average resting potential of a cell is around {{c1::-70}}mV
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{{c1::Graded}} potentials diminish in size with distance
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{{c1::Action}} potentials signal strength is maintained with distance
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{{c1::Temporal}} summation of graded potentials result from the {{c2::same}} stimulus repeated close in time.
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{{c1::Spatial}} summation of graded potentials result from two {{c2::different}} stimulus that occur close together.
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Voltage gated {{c1::K Channels}} {{c2::decrease}} duration of action potential
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During the {{c1::absolute}} refractory period, no new action potential can be generated
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During the {{c1::relative}} refratory period, new action potentials can be generated if there is enough graded signals
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The {{c1::refractory}} period prevents action potentials from reversing direction (unidirectional flow)
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The {{c1::larger}} the axon diameter, the {{c2::less}} resistance and the {{c3::faster}} the signal propagation
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