Notes in Chandni's Modified M1::Anatomy::Exam 1::G02 (Intro to Histology)

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Published	08/20/2024	What is the resolution of a human eye? Light microscope? TEM?
Published	08/20/2024	Generally, the ability to {{c1::resolve}} is more limiting than the ability to {{c2::magnify}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c1::Scanning}} EM permits pseudo-three-dimensional views of the cells and tissues
Published	08/20/2024	In TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), what do darker v.s. lighter sections of the image indicate?
Published	08/20/2024	What are the 4 steps in preparing tissues for light microscopy examination?
Published	08/20/2024	Explain the process of Dehydration, Clearing, and Embedding during preparation of tissues for light microscopy:
Published	08/20/2024	How do basic v.s. acidic stains work?
Published	08/20/2024	Hematoxylin
Published	08/20/2024	Eosin
Published	08/20/2024	What stain is used for Carbohydrates?
Published	08/20/2024	How does immunocytochemistry staining work?
Published	08/20/2024	What are the 3 steps in preparation of tissues for EM examination?
Published	08/20/2024	Histology - AKA {{c1::microanatomy}} - {{c2::study of cells and body tissues. Requires the use of microscopy.}}
Published	08/20/2024	Purpose of histology:{{c1::}}
Published	08/20/2024	List the types of microscopy:{{c1::Light microscopyElectron microscopy (TEM and SEM)}}
Published	08/20/2024	Light microscopy - based on {{c1::interactions of light and tissue components}}
Published	08/20/2024	Electron microscopy - based on {{c1::interactions of electrons and tissue components}}
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Published	08/20/2024	Why learn histo?{{c1::Physicians' goal is to maintain or restore health. Need to see change in cell structure and beyond for this.}}
Published	08/20/2024	Resolution - {{c1::smallest distance at which two points can be distinguished from each other, more limiting than magnification}}
Published	08/20/2024	List the tissue prep steps:{{c1::FixationDehydrationEmbeddingSectioningStaining}}
Published	08/20/2024	What does tissue fixation do?{{c1::Stops metabolic processes that are occurring}}
Published	08/20/2024	How do you do tissue fixation?{{c1::Chemical w/formaldehydeorPhysical by freezing}}
Published	08/20/2024	What does dehydration do in tissue fixation?{{c1::Water replacement}}
Published	08/20/2024	What's the function of embedding in tissue prep?{{c1::Harden tissue so can slice thinly}}
Published	08/20/2024	How do you embed in tissue prep?{{c1::Paraffin}}
Published	08/20/2024	What's tissue sectioning?{{c1::Slice to one cell layer thick so 1-10 micrometer sections}}
Published	08/20/2024	What is staining in tissue prep based on?{{c1::On chemical interactions b/t stains and cells/tissue components}}
Published	08/20/2024	Hematoxylin ({{c1::blue::color}}) is an example of a(n) {{c2::basic}} stain
Published	08/20/2024	Eosin ({{c1::pink::color}}) is an example of a(n) {{c2::acidic}} stain
Published	08/20/2024	Basic stains interact with {{c1::basophilic (acidic) cellular components}}
Published	08/20/2024	Acidic stains interact with {{c1::acidophilic (basic) cellular components}}Ex: {{c2::cytoplasm}}
Published	08/20/2024	What is the most commonly used combo of dyes to stain tissue components?{{c1::H&E - hematoxylin and eosin}}
Published	08/20/2024	{{c5::hematoxylin}} - {{c1::basophilic (negatively charged)}} - {{c2::blue}}and {{c6::eosin}} - {{c3::acidophilic (positively charged)}} - {{c4::…
Published	08/20/2024	Special dyes and techniques:{{c1::Orcein}} – to visualize {{c2::elastin and elastic fibers}}
Published	08/20/2024	Special dyes and techniques:{{c1::Impregnation with silver salts}} – to visualize {{c2::reticular fibers}}
Published	08/20/2024	Special dyes and techniques:{{c1::Trichrome}} – to visualize {{c2::collagen}}
Published	08/20/2024	Special dyes and techniques:{{c1::Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent}} – to visualize {{c2::carbohydrates}}
Published	08/20/2024	Special dyes and techniques:{{c1::Immunocytochemistry}} – based on {{c2::specific binding of an antibody to a cell or tissue component}}
Published	08/20/2024	Special dyes and techniques:{{c1::Wright-Giemsa stain}} – used for {{c2::differential staining of blood cells. It is used primarily to stain periphera…
Published	08/20/2024	Artifacts – {{c1::structural abnormalities resulting from the tissue preparation (e.g., tissue shrinkage, loss of lipids, loss of mucus)}}
Published	08/20/2024	What's the diameter of an RBC?{{c1::7-8 micrometers}}
Published	08/20/2024	What compounds often get dissolved in specimen prep?{{c1::Lipids and mucus}}
Published	08/20/2024	List the types of artifact:{{c1::1. Wrinkles of the section2. Artificial spaces between the cells (tissue shrinkage)3. "Empty cells" due to the loss o…
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