Notes in G36 Histology of Intestines

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Published	11/02/2024	Plicae circulares are formed from {{c1::mucosa and submucosa::tissue layers}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Finger-like projections into the intestinal lumen are called {{c1::villi}} and are comprised of {{c1::mucosa}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Intestinal crypts (aka {{c1::crypts of Lieberkuhn}})Location: {{c1::small intestine only}}Unique cells, if any: {{c1::Paneth cells}}Gland morphology: …
Published	11/02/2024	There are {{c1::6}} main cell types of the small intestine epithelium.{{c1::EnterocytesGoblet cellsEnteroendocrine cellsStem cellsPaneth cellsMicrofol…
Published	11/02/2024	EnterocytesMorphology: {{c1::simple columnar epithelium}}Characteristic histological features: {{c1::microvilli brush border and terminal web, apical …
Published	11/02/2024	The glycocalyx functions to 1. {{c1::protect the GI epithelium from enzymes and pH disturbances}}2. {{c1::play a role in the digestive process}}
Published	11/02/2024	The following nutrients are absorbed by which types of vessels in digestion?Carbohydrates - {{c1::blood vessels}}Proteins - {{c1::blood vessels}}Lipid…
Published	11/02/2024	Goblet cells are most numerous in the {{c1::ileum}} of the small intestine.
Published	11/02/2024	Goblet cells secrete mucin and other {{c1::acid glycoproteins}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Enteroendocrine cells of the intestine.Histological features: {{c1::clear cytoplasm, basally located granules}}Function: {{c1::as part of the diffuse …
Published	11/02/2024	Intestinal stem cells.Location: {{c1::base of intestinal crypts}}Function: {{c1::replenish epithelial cells every 4-5 days}}
Published	11/02/2024	Paneth cells.Location: {{c1::at the base of intestinal crypts in the small intestine only}}Region where they are most numerous: {{c1::ileum}}Histologi…
Published	11/02/2024	Microfold cells.Cell type: {{c1::epithelial}}Location: {{c1::the ileum overlying Peyer's Patch}}Function: {{c1::form membrane invaginations that conta…
Published	11/02/2024	The muscularis mucosa of the small intenstine typically extends into {{c1::each plicae circulares to facilitate the rhythmic movments of the…
Published	11/02/2024	Submucosa structures of the small intestine.All: {{c1::collagen, elastin, and meissner's plexus}}Duodenum: {{c1::Brunner's glands}}Jejunum: {{c1::N/A}…
Published	11/02/2024	Which regions of the small intestine have adventitia vs serosa?Serosa: {{c1::the first portion of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum}}Adventitia…
Published	11/02/2024	Histological features of the duodenum.Villi: {{c1::broad and leaf shaped}}Submucosa: {{c1::brunner's glands}}Plicae circulares: {{c1::undeveloped}}Gob…
Published	11/02/2024	Brunner's glands.Location: {{c1::duodenal submucosa}}Structure and gland type: {{c1::mucous, coiled tubular}}Function: {{c1::produce alkaline muc…
Published	11/02/2024	Jejunum characteristics.Villi: {{c1::tall and finger-shaped}}Plicae circulares: {{c1::prominent, tall, and thick}}Submucosa: {{c1::dense CT, no unique…
Published	11/02/2024	Ileum characteristics.Villi: {{c1::short}}Cell distribution: {{c1::numerous goblet cells, M cells}}Submucosa: {{c1::tons of GALT as well as peyer's pa…
Published	11/02/2024	Peyer's patch involves {{c1::both the mucosa and submucosa::tissue layers}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Celiac disease. - HistologyDisease class: {{c1::autoimmune}}Pathophysiology: {{c1::autoimmune destruction of enterocytes and the brush border secondar…
Published	11/02/2024	The large intestine primarily absorbs {{c1::water}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Appendix histological features.General: {{c1::identical to most of the large intestine, ie lack villi and have glands of lieberkuhn}}Mucosa: {{c1::lym…
Published	11/02/2024	Glands of lieberkun.Location: {{c1::large intestine only}}Gland morphology: {{c1::simple tubular}}Cell types: {{c1::absorptive cells, goblet cells, en…
Published	11/02/2024	The rectal columns (aka columns of {{c1::Morgani}}).Structure: {{c1::inferior rectal longitudinal folds of the mucosa}}Function: {{c1::merge to form t…
Published	11/02/2024	Colorectal cancer is an {{c1::adenocarcinoma}} that often begins as an {{c1::adenomatous polyp}}. Commonly develops in {{c1::low fiber}} diets due to …
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::large intestine and gland of lieberkun}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::ileum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::ileum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::ileum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::jejunum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::ileum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::crypt of lieberkuhn}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::brunner's glands in the duodenum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::duodenum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::colon}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::peyers patch}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::jejunum}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::colon}}
Published	11/02/2024	the large intestine mucosa lacks {{c1::vili}} but has {{c1::glands of lieberkuhn (not the same thing as crypts of lieberkuhn)}}, great abundance of {{…
Published	11/02/2024	the large intestine submucosa contains {{c1::dense CT::tissue type}}, {{c1::no}} glands
Published	11/02/2024	in the muscularis externa of the large intestine, a {{c1::discontinuous outer longitudinal band forms teniae coli}}
Published	11/02/2024	which layers of the large intestine are covered by serosa?{{c1::cecum, transverse, sigmoid colon - contain epiploic appendices}}
Published	11/02/2024	the {{c2::ascending and descending colon}} and {{c2::rectum}} are partly covered by {{c1::serosa}} and partly covered by {{c1::adventitia}}
Published	11/02/2024	appendices epiplocia are {{c1::lobules of fat}} that are found in the {{c1::serosa}} of the large intestine
Published	11/02/2024	the epithelium of the anorectal juction changes from {{c1::simple columnar}} to {{c1::non-keratinized stratified squamous }}
Published	11/02/2024	in the anorectal junction, the {{c1::muscularis mucosae}} breaks up and disappears, so there is no distinction between the lamina propria and submucos…
Published	11/02/2024	internal hemorrhoids occur when veins in the {{c1::combined lamina propria-submucosal layer}} dilate
Published	11/02/2024	the {{c1::muscularis externa}} enlarges to form the internal anal sphincter
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