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Published	02/18/2024	Give a differential diagnosis of a lesion arising in the sellar region (2marks) 2020 Series 2
Published	02/18/2024	In regards to secretory pituitary adenomas, explain how laboratory tests may help you to establish a subtype? (2 marks)
Published	02/18/2024	How does the WHO classify intracranial germ cell tumours? (1 mark)
Published	02/18/2024	In what locations do extra-gonadal germ cell tumours arise? (1 mark)
Published	02/18/2024	37-year-old man presents with the incidental finding of a sellar lesion on an MRI Brain performed to investigate headache.  Debulking of the…
Published	02/18/2024	37-year-old man presents with the incidental finding of a sellar lesion on an MRI Brain performed to investigate headache.  Debulking of the…
Published	02/18/2024	37-year-old man presents with the incidental finding of a sellar lesion on an MRI Brain performed to investigate headache.  Debulking of the…
Published	02/18/2024	37-year-old man presents with the incidental finding of a sellar lesion on an MRI Brain performed to investigate headache.  e. Debulking of …
Published	02/18/2024	i In general, what are the treatment options for acoustic neuromas?
Published	02/18/2024	What factors do you consider when choosing the best treatment for an acoustic neuroma? Include in your answer how those factors influence your treatme…
Published	02/18/2024	Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of single versus fractionated radiation therapy for acoustic neuroma. (2)
Published	02/18/2024	What is the expected outcome, and possible side effects of radiation therapy for acoustic neuroma? (3)
Published	02/18/2024	What are the most important molecular and/or genetic markers in high grade glioma and outline their prognostic and predictive significance. (4)
Published	02/18/2024	A fit 48-year-old male, 18 months after initial radical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is found to have 4 asymptomatic brain metasta…
Published	02/18/2024	Describe a suitable radiation therapy technique and dose/ fractionation schedule to deliver hippocampal sparing whole brain radiotherapy to a fit pati…
Published	02/18/2024	Discuss systemic therapies which may be useful for treating brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. (4 marks)
Published	02/18/2024	A 42 year old presents with a seizure. CT brain shows a 5 cm right frontal mass. What are the differentials? (1)
Published	02/18/2024	Describe the MRI findings, microscopic and molecular features that differentiate Oligodendroglioma from a Glioblastoma. (5)
Published	02/18/2024	Name and describe 4 commonly seen molecular markers in glioblastoma. Outline their significance. (4)
Published	02/18/2024	A fit 44-year-old male presents with gait disturbance, headache and nausea. He is found to have a mass in the posterior fossa with imaging features su…
Published	02/18/2024	b. Staging investigations reveal an isolated mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere. A gross total resection is performed. The histology is large cell…
Published	02/18/2024	Left cerebellar medulloblastoma - A decision has been made to treat the patient with post-operative radiation. Describe a suitable radiation ther…
Published	02/18/2024	A 64-year-old man with multiple brain, pulmonary and liver metastases from non-small lung cancer is admitted with headaches. He has exhausted all syst…
Published	02/18/2024	A 64-year-old man with multiple brain, pulmonary and liver metastases from non-small lung cancer is admitted with headaches. He has exhausted all syst…
Published	02/18/2024	b. Over the next 48 hours the patient becomes increasingly confused. Outline the potential reversible causes for his confusion and how you would manag…
Published	02/18/2024	A 64-year-old man with multiple brain, pulmonary and liver metastases from non-small lung cancer is admitted with headaches. He has exhausted all syst…
Published	02/18/2024	A 25 year old male presents with headache and nausea. Brain CT demonstrates a mass in the fourth ventricle with extension into the brainstem. &nb…
Published	02/18/2024	The patient undergoes resection of the tumour. Histology shows ependymoma.   b. What further information do you require to make a decision r…
Published	02/18/2024	Postoperative assessments show residual disease at the tumour bed as the only site of disease. Postoperative radiation therapy is recommended.  c…
Published	02/18/2024	d. What are the potential late toxicities of this treatment? (2)
Published	02/18/2024	a. Compare pituitary tumours arising from somatotrophs and corticotrophs in regard to:   i Clinical Features (1.5)
Published	02/18/2024	Compare pituitary tumours arising from somatotrophs and corticotrophs in regard to:  ii Laboratory Findings (1)
Published	02/18/2024	Compare pituitary tumours arising from somatotrophs and corticotrophs in regard to:  iii Pathologic Findings (1.5)
Published	02/18/2024	List tumours that arise in the sellar region (1.5)
Published	02/18/2024	What is the pituitary “stalk effect”? (1)
Published	02/18/2024	Describe the current WHO classification of Meningiomas. (3.5)
Published	02/18/2024	When considering low grade gliomas, what are the prognostic factors for survival in patients with Grade 2 glioma? (3)
Published	02/18/2024	A fit and well 72-year-old woman underwent a complete resection of a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from her left temporal lobe. She has made an excell…
Published	02/18/2024	A fit and well 72-year-old woman underwent a complete resection of a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from her left temporal lobe. She has made an excell…
Published	02/18/2024	A fit and well 72-year-old woman underwent a complete resection of a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from her left temporal lobe. She has made an excell…
Published	02/18/2024	Regarding GBM for the elderly following adjuvant chemo-RTNine months after completing her radiation therapy, the patient remains well but develops an …
Published	02/18/2024	A 38 year old presents with headaches and confusion. An MRI scan shows a lesion in the right frontal lobe. The lesion is completely removed at surgery…
Published	02/18/2024	A 38 year old presents with headaches and confusion. An MRI scan shows a lesion in the right frontal lobe. The lesion is completely removed at surgery…
Published	02/18/2024	For Oligodendrogliomas describe the characteristic: (5)   i Radiological findings.
Published	02/18/2024	For Oligodendrogliomas describe the characteristic: (5)  ii Macroscopic findings.
Published	02/18/2024	For Oligodendrogliomas describe the characteristic: (5)  iii Microscopic findings.
Published	02/18/2024	b. For Oligodendrogliomas describe the characteristic: (5)  i What is the molecular or cytogenetic finding in oligodendrogliomas? (1.5)&nbsp…
Published	02/18/2024	b. For Oligodendrogliomas describe the characteristic: (5)  ii What is the clinical significance of IDH-mutation and 1p/19q codeletion? (1.5…
Published	02/18/2024	Regarding IDH mutation for oligodendrogliomaThe cytogenetic findings are confirmed by In- situ-hybridisation (ISH). Describe the basic principle of IS…
Published	02/18/2024	Discuss the mechanism of MGMT promoter methylation and its prognostic significance. Justify your answer. (3)
Published	02/18/2024	c. If a reliable assay for this promoter methylation was available in Australasia, how would this influence your clinical practice? (2)
Published	02/18/2024	Discuss the role of (3)   i Temozolomide  in the systemic therapy of GBM and associated toxicities
Published	02/18/2024	Discuss the role of (3)  ii bevacizumab  in the systemic therapy of GBM and associated toxicities
Published	02/18/2024	A 25 year old male presents with headache and nausea. Brain CT demonstrates a mass in the fourth ventricle with extension into the brainstem. &nb…
Published	02/18/2024	The patient undergoes resection of the tumour. Histology shows ependymoma.   b. What further information do you require to make a decision r…
Published	02/18/2024	Postoperative assessments show residual disease at the tumour bed as the only site of disease. Postoperative radiation therapy is recommended. &n…
Published	02/18/2024	d. What are the potential late toxicities of this treatment? (2)
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