Notes in 07LE Gas Exchange & Gas Transport

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Published	01/07/2025	What is hypoxia?
Published	01/07/2025	What is hypoxaemia?
Published	01/07/2025	Define hypercapnoea
Published	01/07/2025	Define hypocapnoea
Published	01/07/2025	Define respiration
Published	01/07/2025	Where does cellular respiration/metabolism occur?What is the equation for this?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the main purpose of the cardio-respiratory system?
Published	01/07/2025	What is O2 carried in?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe O2 & CO2 exchange in terms of diffusion from high to low conc
Published	01/07/2025	When does the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve flatten?
Published	01/07/2025	How does hyper/hypoventilation change arterial O2 content?
Published	01/07/2025	What is P50?
Published	01/07/2025	What happens below 8kPa? (2)
Published	01/07/2025	What does the affinity of Haemoglobin for O2 depend on?
Published	01/07/2025	How would an increased level of 2,3-DPG affect the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve ?
Published	01/07/2025	What would result in the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve shifting left?Where would you expect to see this in the body?
Published	01/07/2025	2ac462489e564aed8ed55c6ae7e61c7f-ao-1
Published	01/07/2025	What is the pathway of the oxygen from air to mitochondria?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the fraction of inspired O2 in air?
Published	01/07/2025	How do we calculate Partial pressure O2 in inspired air?
Published	01/07/2025	Where is air humidified?
Published	01/07/2025	How does water vapour affect Pp of O2?why?
Published	01/07/2025	From air until the final compartment, what happens to O2 content?
Published	01/07/2025	When does Haemoglobin become saturated?
Published	01/07/2025	Define de-saturated haemoglobin
Published	01/07/2025	What does an O2 saturation probe show?What is the normal level of Oxygen saturation?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the alveolar gas equation?What is it used to calculate?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the solubility of O2 in plasma
Published	01/07/2025	How is O2 carried in the blood?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the Partial pressure of Oxygen in arterial blood at atmospheric pressure?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the % of Oxygen Saturation in arterial blood?
Published	01/07/2025	e94b46743dfb4a2fa269924adc25adac-ao-1
Published	01/07/2025	What does the oxygen cascade mean?
Published	01/07/2025	Why does PO2 drop at each compartment?
Published	01/07/2025	What is oxygen delivery (DO2) dependent on? (2)
Published	01/07/2025	What is the equation to calculate Cardiac Output?
Published	01/07/2025	What is Oxygen Consumption?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the value of resting Oxygen consumption in a human in ml/min?At rest in a healthy person, Which is greater? Oxygen delivery or oxygen con…
Published	01/07/2025	What are the various ways in which CO2 is transported in blood? (3)
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the permeability of the red blood cell membrane.What needs to go into RBC to maintain electrical neutrality?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the concentration of H+ like in red blood cells?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the Haldane effect?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the normal pH of arterial blood?What is the normal H+ conc.?At what levels should pH and H+ conc. be maintained between?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the essential buffers in ensuring that respiratory acidosis does NOT take place?How do they work?
Published	01/07/2025	On a day to day basis, how do we stop respiratory acidosis from taking place?
Published	01/07/2025	How would we tell the difference between a respiratory acidosis vs a metabolic acidosis?
Published	01/07/2025	What is respiratory acidosis?
Published	01/07/2025	Do levels of CO2,pH and O2 affect ventilation?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the respiratory quotient?
Published	01/07/2025	The respiratory quotient for metabolising carbohydrates is 1, explain why.
Published	01/07/2025	What is the respiratory quotient for an average mixed diet with fats and proteins?
Published	01/07/2025	What is an acinus?Where are they located?What are the contents of an acinus? (3)
Published	01/07/2025	What are many acinar together called?What are these separated by?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the importance of structural interdependence for pulmonary lobules?
Published	01/07/2025	What does the number of alveoli depend on?What does the size of the alveoli depend on?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the structure of alveoli (2)- what type of epithelial cells?- what other cells present?
Published	01/07/2025	Why is the alveolar-capillary unit important?
Published	01/07/2025	Where are type 2 pneumocytes found?What do they do?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the structures that the interstitial space contains?
Published	01/07/2025	What are club cells?What do they produce & when?
Published	01/07/2025	What happens if the basement membrane of the alveoli thickens?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the interstitium?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the walls of the alveolus & pulmonary capillary
Published	01/07/2025	Gas exchangeO2 and CO2 diffuse across the membranes from an area of {{c1::high concentration}} to an area of {{c1::low concentration}}
Published	01/07/2025	5b60389929b04f42ac146d32307f7cd9-ao-1
Published	01/07/2025	What are the factors affecting diffusion accross a membrane?
Published	01/07/2025	What is Lung CO diffusing capacity/transfer factor?
Published	01/07/2025	How can we estimate the movement of O2 across the alveolar-capillary membrane?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the factors that can reduce lung CO-diffusing capacity? (2)
Published	01/07/2025	What is Carboxyhaemoglobin (physically)?
Published	01/07/2025	How is carboxyhaemoglobin formed?
Published	01/07/2025	After how long do clinical symptoms of CO poisoning arise?What are these symptoms? (7)
Published	01/07/2025	How do we treat CO poisoning?
Published	01/07/2025	When does methaemoglobin arise?
Published	01/07/2025	Why is MetHb unable to participate in O2 transport?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the main causes of pathological increase in MetHb concentration?what is an effect?
Published	01/07/2025	When could one get acquired MetHB?>outline some of the chemicals
Published	01/07/2025	How do we manage Methaemoglobin?
Published	01/07/2025	What does the haldane effect state? - definition
Published	01/07/2025	In alveolar fluid, what do club cells produce?
Published	01/07/2025	25baba678f9f4af08dc1c22580dbb122-ao-1
Published	01/07/2025	1a2dcbe1a1fb4201af0395245c0c85cf-ao-1
Published	01/07/2025	how many more times is the molecular weight of CO2 than O2? what does this mean for solubility and diffusion?
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