Notes in 19Renal1

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] With renal autoregulation, 1. Na intake 2. ECF volume
Published	07/30/2024	Long Term Arterial Pressure Regulation
Published	07/30/2024	Short Term Arterial Pressure Regulation
Published	07/30/2024	Body pH
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Hypoxia 2. Erythropoietin
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Chronic Kidney Disease 2. Erythropoietin
Published	07/30/2024	Vitamin regulated by the kidneys
Published	07/30/2024	CO to the kidneys
Published	07/30/2024	Vessel/s that regulates hydrostatic pressure
Published	07/30/2024	Glomerular capillaries filter everything except
Published	07/30/2024	Glomerular Capillaries: {{c1::HIGH}} PRESSURE for {{c1::rapid filtration}}Peritubular: {{c1::LOWER}} PRESSURE for {{c1::fluid reabsorption}}
Published	07/30/2024	How many nephrons are there in a kidney
Published	07/30/2024	After age {{c1::40}}, {{c1::10}}% decrease in nephrons happens every {{c2::decade}}
Published	07/30/2024	Can nephrons regenerate
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] 1. Cortical Nephrons 2. Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Distance from the medulla 1. Cortical nephrons 2. Juxtamedullary nephrons
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Distance from the outer cortex 1. Cortical nephrons 2. Juxtamedullary nephrons
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] Length of loop of Henle 1. Cortical nephron 2. Juxtamedullary nephron
Published	07/30/2024	Which nephron has vasa recta
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Closeness to the outer cortex 1. Cortical nephrons 2. Juxtamedullary nephrons
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Closeness to the medulla 1. Cortical nephrons 2. Juxtamedullary nephrons
Published	07/30/2024	What type of reflex is Micturition
Published	07/30/2024	Micturition reflex (Spinal) can be inhibited by the
Published	07/30/2024	What are the muscular folds that the body of the bladder has
Published	07/30/2024	Fills w/ Urine and mostly has rugae
Published	07/30/2024	funnel-shaped passes into the urogenital triangle and connects with the urethra
Published	07/30/2024	Low resistance electrical pathways through smooth muscle cell fusion causes the unitary contraction of the bladder during micturition
Published	07/30/2024	Triangular mucosal portion on the postero-inferior bladder wall
Published	07/30/2024	Responsible for strong stretch signals
Published	07/30/2024	Opening from the bladder neck
Published	07/30/2024	Enter through the upper angles of the trigone
Published	07/30/2024	Effect of SNS on smooth muscle walls of ureters
Published	07/30/2024	Effect of PNS on smooth muscle walls of ureters
Published	07/30/2024	Ureters are compressed by what to prevent backflow
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Uretorenal reflex 2. renal output
Published	07/30/2024	What is the Ureterorenal reflex
Published	07/30/2024	Natural tone keeps bladder neck and posterior urethra empty
Published	07/30/2024	Which sphincter is voluntary
Published	07/30/2024	Principal nerve supply w/ both sensory and motor (PNS) nerve fibers of the bladder
Published	07/30/2024	External Sphincter Innervation
Published	07/30/2024	Blood vessels and pain Innervation
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Rates of UTI 1. Males 2. Females
Published	07/30/2024	Vesicoureteral reflux
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] in bladder, 1. Volume 2. Pressure
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] in bladder, 1. Volume 2. Micturition wave intensity
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] in bladder, 1. Volume 2. Micturition wave frequency
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] in bladder, 1. Pressure 2. Micturition wave frequency
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] in bladder, 1. Pressure 2. Micturition wave intensity
Published	07/30/2024	Volume (mL) {{c1::30-50}}; Pressure (cm H2O) {{c2::5-10}}
Published	07/30/2024	Volume (mL) {{c1::200-300}}; Pressure (cm H2O) {{c2::+ small rise}}
Published	07/30/2024	Volume (mL) {{c1::>300-400}}; Pressure (cm H2O) {{c2::+ rapid rise}}
Published	07/30/2024	Micturition Reflex Stimulus: {{c1::Stretch reflex}}Receptor: {{c1::Sensory stretch receptors in posterior urethra}}Afferent Nerve: {{c2::Pelvic nerves…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Urination 1. Brain inhibition 2. External sphincter inhibition
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] No Urination 1. Brain inhibition 2. External sphincter inhibition
Published	07/30/2024	Centers of urinary inhibition
Published	07/30/2024	Atonic/Tabetic bladder and incontinence [Damage]
Published	07/30/2024	Atonic/Tabetic bladder and incontinence [What happens]
Published	07/30/2024	Automatic bladder [What happens]
Published	07/30/2024	Automatic bladder [Damage]
Published	07/30/2024	Uninhibited neurogenic bladder [What happens]
Published	07/30/2024	Uninhibited neurogenic bladder [Damage]
Published	07/30/2024	Urinary excretion rate = {{c1::Filtration}} rate - {{c1::Reabsorption}} rate + {{c1::Secretion}} rate
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Filtrate concentration 1. Glomerular filtrate 2. Plasma
Published	07/30/2024	Type {{c2::A}} SubstanceReabsorbed? {{c1::N}}Secreted? {{c1::N}}Ratio: {{c1::Excretion = Filtration}}Example: {{c1::Creatinine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type {{c2::B}} SubstanceReabsorbed? {{c1::Incomplete}}Secreted? {{c1::N}}Ratio: {{c1::E < F}}Example: {{c1::Electrolytes (Na+, Cl-)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type {{c2::C}} SubstanceReabsorbed? {{c1::Complete}}Secreted? {{c1::N}}Ratio: {{c1::No E}}Example: {{c1::Amino acids, Glucose}}
Published	07/30/2024	Type {{c2::D}} SubstanceReabsorbed? {{c1::N}}Secreted? {{c1::Y}}Ratio: {{c1::E > F}}Example: {{c1::Acids & Bases}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::180}} L/day or {{c2::125}} mL/min of blood pass through the glomerular capillaries {{c3::1}} L/day is excreted
Published	07/30/2024	GFR is determined by
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] proteins and cell elements 1. Plasma Concentration 2. Glomerular Filtrate Concentration
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Ca & fatty acids bound to protein 1. Plasma Concentration 2. Glomerular Filtrate Concentration
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Salts and Organic Molecules 1. Plasma Concentration 2. Glomerular Filtrate Concentration
Published	07/30/2024	Factors of Capillary filtration co-efficient
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Filtration rate 1. Glomerulus 2. Other capillaries
Published	07/30/2024	Glomerular filtration fraction
Published	07/30/2024	Hwo do you get the filtration fraction
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] number of layers 1. Glomarular Capillary Membrane 2. Other capillary membranes
Published	07/30/2024	Charge of the glomarular capillary membrane
Published	07/30/2024	Glomerular Capillary Membrane layer w/ fenstrations
Published	07/30/2024	Glomerular Capillary Membrane layer w/ Collagen + Proteoglycan fibrillae
Published	07/30/2024	Glomerular Capillary Membrane layer where Filtrate pass through slit pores between pedicels
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Filterability Rate 1. 18 MW 2. 69,000 MW
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Filterability Rate 1. - charged 2. + charged
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Minimal-change nephropathy}}{{c2::Glomeruli are more permeable to plasma proteins}} Under E microscope, {{c2::Podocytes are flat and have podocy…
Published	07/30/2024	GFR equation w/ specific components
Published	07/30/2024	Human net filtration pressure
Published	07/30/2024
Published	07/30/2024
Published	07/30/2024
Published	07/30/2024
Published	07/30/2024	Average
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Kf 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Chronic Hypertension 2. Kf
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Chronic Hypertension 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. PB 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Ca/Uric Acid precipitation obstruction  2. PB
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Ca/Uric Acid precipitation obstruction  2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1.   2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Arterial COP 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Arterial COP 2.
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Plasma protein conc 1. Glomerulus 2. Efferent Arteriole
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] COP 1. Glomerulus 2. Efferent Arteriole
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. PG 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. arterial pressure 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. efferent arteriolar resistance 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. afferent arteriolar resistance 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. severe efferent arteriolar resistance 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	Low Kf, Low GFR [Causes]
Published	07/30/2024	High PB, Low GFR [Causes]
Published	07/30/2024	High , Low GFR [Causes]
Published	07/30/2024	Low efferent resistance, Low PG [Causes]
Published	07/30/2024	High Afferent resistance, Low PG [Causes]
Published	07/30/2024	RBF Equation
Published	07/30/2024	Average RBF of the kidneys
Published	07/30/2024	Most renal vascular resistance resides in
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. renal vascular resistance 2. RBF
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] renal vascular resistance 1. interlobular arteries 2. efferent arterioles
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] renal vascular resistance 1. afferent arterioles 2. efferent arterioles
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] 1. cortical blood flow 2. medullary blood flow
Published	07/30/2024	The kidneys account for what % of the total body O2 consumption
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] 1. Brain O2 consumption 2. Kidneys O2 consumption
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Na reabsorption 2. O2 consumption
Published	07/30/2024	All renal bvs are innervated by the SNS [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. SNS 2. Renal arteriole constriction
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. SNS 2. RBF
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. SNS 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. NE and E 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. NE and E 2. RBF
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Endothelin 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Endothelin 2. RBF
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] Effect of Angiotensin II 1. Efferent arterioles 2. Afferent arterioles
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Angiotensin II 2. RBF
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Endothelial-derived NO II 2. renal vascular resistance
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Endothelial-derived NO II 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Prostaglandins and Bradykinin 2. GFR
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Prostaglandins and Bradykinin 2. RBF
Published	07/30/2024	intrinsic property of the kidneys achieved by changes in afferent arteriolar resistance and additional adaptive mechanisms in the renal tubules that c…
Published	07/30/2024	2 Mechanisms of Autoregulation
Published	07/30/2024	Intrinsic property of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched
Published	07/30/2024	Important in keeping kidney safe from hypertension
Published	07/30/2024	NaCl-dependent mechanism of autoregulation
Published	07/30/2024	Explain what happens if arterial pressure is low and how tubuloglomerular feedback autoregulates it
Published	07/30/2024	Explain what happens is arterial pressure is high and how tubuloglomerular feedback autoregulates it
Published	07/30/2024	Explain what happens when protein is ingested when it comes to the tubuloglomerular feedback
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] RBF 1. Males 2. Females
Published	07/30/2024	VR (1) glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (2) GFR
Published	07/30/2024	QC Oncotic pressure at the (1) beginning of glomerular capillaries (2) end of glomerular capillaries
Published	07/30/2024	QC GFR with moderate constriction of (1) afferent arteriole (2) efferent arteriole
Published	07/30/2024	QC Blood flow to renal (1) cortex (2) medulla
Published	07/30/2024	VR (1) afferent arteriolar resistance (2) GFR
Published	07/30/2024	QC Filterability of molecules of same size if charge is (1) positive (2) negative
Published	07/30/2024	Substance that is NOT filtered by the healthy glomerulusamino acidsalbuminglucosecreatinine
Published	07/30/2024	VR (1) renal blood flow (2) GFR
Published	07/30/2024	QC Sensitivity to Angiotensin II (1) afferent arteriole (2) efferent arteriole
Published	07/30/2024	Presence of high amounts of albumin in the urine most likely points to dysfunction in theafferent arterioleglomerulusproximal tubuledistal tubule
Published	07/30/2024	An increase in sympathetic nerve activity to the kidney causes the afferent arteriole to constrict [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Hormone produced by the kidneysaldosteroneangiotensinogenerythropoietinvasopressin
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Hydrostatic pressure at the (1) beginning of glomerular capillaries (2) end of glomerular capillaries
Published	07/30/2024	Increased glomerular filtration rate may be due to an increase inglomerular capillary hydrostatic pressureglomerular capillary oncotic pressureperitub…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) afferent arteriolar resistance (2) GFR
Published	07/30/2024	"In the nephron, the glomerular filtrate enters the loop of Henle directly from Bowman's Capsule." [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Blood in the peritubular capillaries has a higher oncotic pressure than blood in the afferent arteriole [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	GFR can be measured by a substance that is filtered and not subsequently reabsorbed or secreted [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Substance that is NOT filtered by the healthy glomerulusureachloridepotassiumred blood cells
Published	07/30/2024	The glomerulus is a site for reabsorption in the kidney. [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	A fall in pressure in the afferent arteriole would cause an increase in glomerular filtration rate [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occurs along this tubular segmentproximal tubulethin ascending limb of Henlethick ascending limb of Henleearly…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] (1) tubular sodium concentration at the macula densa (2) renin secretion
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] GFR with dilation of (1) afferent arteriole (2) efferent arteriole
Published	07/30/2024	"Reabsorption is a method for removing substances from the blood, into the nephron." [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	The following will most effectively be filtered at the glomerulusanionic substance with diameter of 4mmcationic substance with diameter of 4 mmneutral…
Published	07/30/2024	"A patient was rushed to the emergency room due to severe hemorrhage, he most likely will have"reduced GFRafferent arteriolar dilatationincreased rena…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Plasma urea level if GFR is (1) high (2) low
Status	Last Update	Fields