Notes in 07CholinergicAntagonists

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Published	07/30/2024	QC 1. Selective Muscarinic antagonists 2. Non-selective Muscarinic antagonistsA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Pirenzepine}} is the only {{c1::M1::receptor}} receptive drug available in the market formerly for peptic ulcer disease
Published	07/30/2024	2 Representative Muscarinic Antagonist Drugs{{c1::Atropine, Scopolamine}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Atropine/d,L-hyoscyamine::Drug}} is the prototype non-selective muscarinic blocker
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Atropine::Drug}} is derived from the {{c2::Atropa belladonna and Datura stramonium}} plant
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Atropine 2. Pupil sizeA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effect on 2Answer: {{c1::A}}Effects …
Published	07/30/2024	Atropine AKA {{c1::hyoscyamine}}Scopolamine AKA {{c1::Hyoscine}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the half-life of atropine, the {{c1::rapid}} phase takes up the first 2 hours while the {{c1::slow}} phase takes up the latter 13 hours
Published	07/30/2024	Is atropine a tertiary amine?{{c1::Y::Y/N}}
Published	07/30/2024	Scopolamine is derived from the {{c1::Hyoscyamus niger}} plant
Published	07/30/2024	QC Potency of Scopolamine's 1. D(+) isomer 2. L(-) isomerA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Elimination half-life of Atropine: {{c1::2 hours}}
Published	07/30/2024	Duration of action for normal doses of Atropine is {{c1::4-8::range}} hours in all organs when taken orally or through other routes
Published	07/30/2024	QC Atropine effect duration 1. Eyes 2. Other organsA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug/s used to deal with excess secretions of a patient before surgery is/are {{c1::IV Atropine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Atropine acts like a {{c1::competitive::type}} antagonist in muscarinic receptors.
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Atropine 2. Irreversible antagonism of Muscarinic receptorsA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no…
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Atropine 2. Eye AccommodationA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effect on 2Answer: {{c1::B}}B…
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Atropine 2. Risk of blindnessA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effect on 2Answer: {{c1::A}}B…
Published	07/30/2024	Atropine has {{c1::minimal::minimal/maximal}} {{c2::stimulant::sedative/stimulant}} effects on the parasympathetic medullary centers in the CNS
Published	07/30/2024	QC Effect of muscarinic antagonists on the brain 1. Stimulant 2. SedativeA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Dopamine levels in 1. Patient with Parkinson's disease 2. Patient without Parkinson's diseaseA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Cholinergic transmission in 1. Patient with Parkinson's disease 2. Patient without Parkinson's diseaseA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug/s used to treat (but not cure) Parkinson's disease is/are {{c1::Benztropine, biperiden, trihexyphenidyl (all modifications of atropine), and…
Published	07/30/2024	Muscarinic Antagonists are given with caution in {{c1::children::children/adults}} due to danger of {{c2::hyperthermia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Muscarinic Antagonists are given with caution in patients with {{c1::glaucoma::eye disease}}
Published	07/30/2024	Muscarinic Antagonists are given with caution in patients with {{c1::prostatic hyperplasia}} because these drugs can cause urinary retention
Published	07/30/2024	Drug/s used to treat motion sickness is/are {{c1::Dicyclomine, Scopolamine, and Bonamine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Common side effect of drugs that treat motion sickness: {{c1::Sleepiness}}
Published	07/30/2024	Arrange the antimuscarinic drugs in order of shortest to longest duration of action on the eye [Scopolamine, Tropicamide, Homatropine, Atropine, Cyclo…
Published	07/30/2024	QC Bradycardia after administration of 1. 2.8 mg Antimuscarinic drug 2. 0.5 mg Antimuscarinic drugA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drug/s used to deal with asthma in elderly patients is/are {{c1::muscarinic antagonists, Ipratropium, tiotropium, aclidinium, and umeclidinium::d…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pirenzepine}} was an antimuscarinic drug previously used for peptic ulcers as it reduces gastric acid secretion
Published	07/30/2024	Pirenzepine is an {{c1::M1}}-selective inhibitor
Published	07/30/2024	QC Effectivity in reducing acid secretion on 1. PPI 2. Muscarinic blockersA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::A. Muscarinic blockers have better thi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Potassium Channel Acid Blocker (PCAB)}} are the newest drugs developed to cure ulcers.
Published	07/30/2024	Drug/s used to slow voiding especially in enuresis, urgency in mild cystitis, and treat bladder spasms during treatment is/are {{c1::oxybutynin, …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Imipramine}} is a tricyclic antidepressant drug w/ strong anti-muscarinic actions; moderately effective in reducing incontinence in institutiona…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Imipramine}} is an anti-muscarinic drug used for urinary urgency but causes significant CNS toxicity
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Glycopyrrolate}} is an anti-muscarinic drug used for treating urinary urgency and COPD and is a quaternary agent
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Antimuscarinic drug 2. Skeletal muscle toneA. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effect on 2Answ…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cholinesterase Regenerators}} are composed of substituted {{c2::oximes}} capable of regenerating active enzyme from the organophosphorus-ch…
Published	07/30/2024	QC Frequency of its usage in cholinergic poisoning 1. Diacetyl Monoxime (DAM) 2. Pralidoxime (PAM)A. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC Effectivity in reversing central (CNS) effects of organophosphate poisoning 1. Pralidoxime 2. ObidoximeA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR 1. Pralidoxime 2. Acetylcholinesterase A. Increase in 1, increase in 2B. Increase in 1, decrease in 2C. Increase in 1 has no effect on 2Answer…
Published	07/30/2024	Use cholinesterase regenerators like pralidoxime within {{c1::48 hours::duration}} to treat organophosphate poisoning effectively
Published	07/30/2024	Dry as a Bone (no secretions)Blind as a Bat (mydriasis, cycloplegia)Red as a Beet (cutaneous vasodilation)Mad as a Hatter (CNS excitation)Hot as a Har…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Atropine fever}} is due to the blockade of thermoregulatory sweating during atropine poisoning
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Atropine flush}} is due to the dilation of cutaneous vessels of the arm, head, neck and trunk during atropine poisoning
Published	07/30/2024	QC Ganglion-blocking drugs' inhibition of 1. Sympathetic effects 2. Parasympathetic effectsA. 1>2B. 1<2C. 1=2Answer: {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	The first successful agents for the treatment of hypertension are {{c1::Ganglion-blocking::Type}} drugs which include {{c2::Tetraethylammonium, H…
Published	07/30/2024	Drug/s used to relax muscles by blocking neuromuscular receptors for a short time is/are {{c1::succinylcholine}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nondepolarizing::Depolarizing/nondepolarizing}} neuromuscular-blocking drugs cause a {{c2::competitive::competitive/noncompetitive}} block at th…
Published	07/30/2024	QC Nicotinic receptor activity after administration of 1. Depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs 2. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	Drug/s under the non-depolarizing group of nicotinic antagonists is/are {{c1::Tubocurarine, pancuronium, atracurium, vecuronium}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Prevents synechia 1. Cholinomimetics 2. Cholinolytics{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Oxybutynin}} is an anti-muscarinic drug used to treat urinary urgency selective for M{{c2::3}} receptors
Published	07/30/2024	Drug/s under the depolarizing group of nicotinic "antagonists" is/are {{c1::succinylcholine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Duration of action1. Ipratropium2. Tiotropium3. Aclidinium4. Umeclidinium{{c1::2 > 4 > 3 > 1}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Non}}selective Muscarinic Antagonists are NEVER given to patients with acid-peptic disease
Published	07/30/2024	Ipratropium is a {{c1::quaternary::tertiary/quaternary}} ammonium antimuscarinic agent
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