Notes in Week 1 - GI Physiology

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Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Nutrient assimilation}} is the process in which complex foods are broken down into basic nutrients and reabsorbed …
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Ileus}} is the inhibition of GI motility
Published	01/15/2025	GI hormones are secreted by specialized mucosal cells called {{c1::Amine Precursor Uptake Decarboxylase (APUD)}} cells
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Segmentation}} is a type of GI contraction that results in bidirectional bolus movement
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Peristalsis}} is a type of GI contraction that results in aborad bolus movement
Published	01/15/2025	Segmentation occurs during {{c1::postprandial::postprandial/fasting}} periods
Published	01/15/2025	Peristalsis occurs during {{c1::postprandial and fasting::postprandial/fasting}} periods
Published	01/15/2025	In the swallowing reflex, afferent input is carried by the {{c1::vagus}} and {{c1::glossopharyngeal}} nerves
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Primary}} peristalsis is triggered by pharyngeal mechanoreceptors in response to swallowing
Published	01/15/2025	{{c1::Secondary}} peristalsis is triggered by esophageal mechano-/chemoreceptors in response to wall distention
Published	01/15/2025	Peristalsis can happen independent of vagal stimulation via innervation from the {{c1::myenteric plexus}}
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::lower::upper/lower}} esophageal sphincter relaxes via a reflex involving acetylcholine, nitric oxide, and vasoactive intestin…
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::upper::upper/lower}} esophageal sphincter relaxes via a reflex involving the vagus nerve
Published	01/15/2025	What salivary enzyme begins the initial digestion of carbohydrates?{{c1::Ptyalin*::specific}}
Published	01/15/2025	What bacteriocidal proteins are found in saliva?{{c1::Lysozyme and lactoferrin::2}}
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::salivon}} is the smallest functional unit of a salivary gland
Published	01/15/2025	Saliva is expelled into the oral cavity through stimulated contraction of the {{c1::myoepithelial cells}} that surround the acinus
Published	01/15/2025	Sympathetic stimulation {{c1::increases::increases/decreases}} salivary secretion rate
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::orad}} region of the stomach is comprised of the fundus and proximal body
Published	01/15/2025	The {{c1::caudad}} region of the stomach is comprised of the antrum and distal body
Published	01/15/2025	As you move from the orad region to the caudad region of the stomach, the smooth muscle thickness {{c1::increases::increases/decreases}…
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