Notes in 21-X-Hemodynamic Monitoring

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Published	12/13/2023	A normal CVP is {{c1::1}}-{{c1::10}} mmHg
Published	12/13/2023	Increased O2 consumption can cause mixed venous O2 tension to be {{c1::low}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Can automated NIBP cuffs be used in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	Blood pressure cuffs should not be placed on an extremity with a previous {{c1::axillary lymph node dissection}} because of the risk of lymphedema.&nb…
Published	12/13/2023	In an arterial blood pressure tracing, the {{c1::stroke volume}} is the area under the curve.
Published	12/13/2023	In an optimally damped system, the baseline is re-established after {{c1::1}} oscillation(s).
Published	12/13/2023	A low flush bag pressure will cause the arterial blood pressure waveform to be {{c1::over}}damped.
Published	12/13/2023	Arterial blood pressure is measured by leveling the transducer at the level of the {{c1::right atrium}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the subclavian insertion site to the vena cava/right atrium junction is {{c1::10}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the right IJ insertion site to the vena cava/right atrium junction is {{c1::15}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the left IJ insertion site to the vena cava/right atrium junction is {{c1::20}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the femoral insertion site to the vena cava/right atrium junction is {{c1::40}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the right median basilic insertion site to the vena cava/right atrium junction is {{c1::40}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the left median basilic insertion site to the vena cava/right atrium junction is {{c1::50}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the vena cava/right atrium junction to the right ventricle is {{c1::10}}-{{c1::15}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the vena cava/right atrium junction to the pulmonary artery is {{c1::15}}-{{c1::30}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	The distance from the vena cava/right atrium junction to the pulmonary artery wedge position is {{c1::25}}-{{c1::35}} cm.
Published	12/13/2023	Feeling resistance when pulling back a coiled central venous catheter can rupture the {{c1::chordae tendineae}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The incidence of central line infections increases after {{c1::three}} days.
Published	12/13/2023	The classic sign of a pulmonary artery rupture (e.g., central line placement) is {{c1::hemoptysis}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Inflation of a PA catheter balloon with {{c1::liquid}} increases the risk of pulmonary artery rupture.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Unrecognized wedging}} of a PA catheter balloon may cause pulmonary artery rupture.
Published	12/13/2023	A transducer that is below the phlebostatic axis will {{c1::overe}}stimate the monitored pressure (e.g. CVP, ABP).
Published	12/13/2023	A transducer that is above the phlebostatic axis will {{c1::under}}estimate the monitored pressure (e.g. CVP, ABP).
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Hypo}}volemia is associated with a decreased CVP.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Hyper}}volemia is associated with an increased CVP.
Published	12/13/2023	PEEP increases the {{c1::intrathoracic}} pressure, which will increase the CVP.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Right ventricular}} heart failure will increase the CVP.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Tricuspid}} stenosis and regurgitation will increase the CVP.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Pulmonic}} stenosis will increase the CVP.
Published	12/13/2023	What effect does a ventricular septal defect (VSD) have on CVP?{{c1::Increases}}
Published	12/13/2023	What effect do constrictive pericarditis and cardiac tamponade have on CVP?{{c1::Increases}}
Published	12/13/2023	Loss of the a wave on a CVP waveform is most often due to {{c1::atrial fibrillation}}.
Published	12/13/2023	What CVP waveform finding is consistent with tricuspid stenosis?{{c1::Large a wave}}
Published	12/13/2023	What CVP waveform finding is consistent with tricuspid regurgitation?{{c1::Large v wave}}
Published	12/13/2023	What CVP waveform finding is consistent with RV hypertrophy or impaired diastolic filling?{{c1::Large a wave}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Junctional}} rhythms will produce {{c2::large a}} waves on a CVP waveform.
Published	12/13/2023	Ischemia of the {{c1::RV papillary muscles}} can produce a large v wave on a CVP tracing.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::pulmonary artery occlusion pressure}} can be interpreted as the CVP of the left heart.
Published	12/13/2023	An pulmonary artery occlusion pressure {{c1::> :: > or < }}pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure is suggestive of a mis…
Published	12/13/2023	An inability to aspirate blood from the {{c1::distal lumen}} is suggestive of a mispositioned PA catheter.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Increased}} intrathoracic pressure will cause the PAOP to {{c1::over}}estimate the LVEDV.
Published	12/13/2023	A {{c2::left-to-right}} shunt will cause the PAOP to {{c1::over}}estimate the LVEDV.
Published	12/13/2023	Pulmonary hypertension will cause the PAOP to {{c1::over}}estimate the LVEDV.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c2::Tachy}}cardia will cause the PAOP to {{c1::over}}estimate the LVEDV.
Published	12/13/2023	When calculating cardiac output via thermodilution, a high cardiac output is associated with a {{c1::small}} area under the curve (AUC).
Published	12/13/2023	When calculating cardiac output via thermodilution, a low cardiac output is associated with a {{c1::large}} area under the curve (AUC).
Published	12/13/2023	two injectate factors will cause thermodilution to {{c3::under}}estimate the cardiac output{{c1::Volume too high}}{{c2::Solution too cold}}
Published	12/13/2023	What two injectate factors will cause thermodilution to overestimate the cardiac output?{{c1::Volume too low}}{{c2::Solution too hot}}
Published	12/13/2023	A partially wedged PA catheter will cause thermodilution to {{c1::over}}estimate the cardiac output.
Published	12/13/2023	The disadvantage of continuous cardiac output monitoring (CCO) is that there is a {{c1::30+ second delay}}.
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Continuous cardiac output monitoring (CCO)}} is superior to thermodilution in that it provides continuous data.
Published	12/13/2023	A patient is preload-responsive when a 250 mL fluid challenge improves the stroke volume by > {{c1::10}}%.
Published	12/13/2023	Can stroke volume variation be measured in a patient with an open chest?{{c1::No}}
Published	12/13/2023	On the esophageal doppler waveform, the {{c1::stroke distance}} measures how far stroke volume is pumped per beat.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::peak velocity}} on esophageal doppler measures {{c2::contractility}}.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::flow time}} on esophageal doppler waveform is the time between aortic opening and closing.
Published	12/13/2023	The {{c1::flow time corrected}} on esophageal doppler is the flow time indexed to a heart rate of 60 BPM.
Published	12/13/2023	When using an esophageal doppler, stroke volume is calculated as{{c1::stroke volume = stroke distance x cross sectional area}}
Published	12/13/2023	On an esophageal doppler waveform, the area under the curve represents the {{c1::stroke distance}}.
Published	12/13/2023	On an esophageal doppler waveform, the width of the curve represents {{c1::flow time}}.
Published	12/13/2023	On an esophageal doppler waveform, increases in preload will {{c2::increase}} the {{c1::flow time}}.
Published	12/13/2023	On an esophageal doppler waveform, decreases in afterload is refected as {{c2::increased flow time}}  {{c1::increased peak velocity}}.
Published	12/13/2023	On an esophageal doppler waveform, decreases in inotropy will {{c2::decrease}} the {{c1::peak velocity}}.
Published	12/13/2023	Esophageal dopplers are {{c1::inaccurate::accurate/inaccurate}} in pregnant patients.
Published	12/13/2023	Esophageal dopplers are inaccurate in patients with {{c1::aortic}} disease.
Published	12/13/2023	Normal SVO2 = {{c1::65}} - {{c1::75}}%
Published	12/13/2023	Normal EO2 (stand for {{c2::O2 Extraction ratio}}) is calculated by {{c1::(CaO2 - CvO2)/ CaO2 ::equation}}
Published	12/13/2023	Normal EO2 (O2 extraction ratio) = {{c1::25}} %
Published	12/13/2023	Equation for Calculation O2 consumption (VO2) = {{c1::CO x (CaO2 - CvO2) x 10 }}
Published	12/13/2023	Normal VO2 (Oxygen consumption) = {{c1::250}} ml/min
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